Objective To evaluate the adaptability of the “Sen Zhang” master seed strain of tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV) during serial passaging in primary hamster kidney cells(PHKCs), screen tick-borne encephalitis(TBE) vaccine candidate strains, and perform serological identification and morphological observation of the virus.Methods The mouse brain-adapted “Sen Zhang” master TBEV strain was serially passaged 10 times in PHKCs. Plaque purification was conducted based on viral titration, and clones with E protein amino acid sequences identical to the parental strain were selected to undergo an additional 10 passages in PHKCs. The virus titers were monitored across generations, and the E protein amino acid sequences from the 1 st and 10 th passages were compared. Experimental vaccines were prepared by 2% formaldehyde inactivation. After 35 female Kunming mice were immunized three times, the mouse brain-derived virus was injected intraperitoneally, and the immunoprotective index was calculated based on the number of mouse deaths within 21 days.Serological identification was performed on the vaccine candidate strains, and the viral morphology was analyzed via transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results The PHKC-adapted TBEV achieved a maximum titer of 8. 90 lgLD50/mL,stabilizing at(8. 85 ± 0. 059 6) lgLD_(50)/mL. Plaque assays demonstrated uniform visible circular plaques with sharp boundaries. Among 27 purified clones, #7, #14, and #17 retained E protein sequences identical to the parental strain. The virus titers remained 8. 60-8. 90 lgLD_(50)/mL stably during passaging. Clone #7 exhibited minimal E protein mutations and the highest immunoprotective index 2. 3 × 10~6. The serological neutralization index reached 3 162, and TEM revealed spherical enveloped particles with a diameter of about 50 nm, consistent with the vaccine strain.Conclusion A PHKCadapted TBEV strain with high genetic stability was successfully isolated, which meets the critical criteria of vaccine candidate strains and can elicit robust immune responses.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of dental caries and its influencing factors among primary and middle school students in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (hereinafter referred to as "the Corps"), so as to provide a reference for formulating targeted prevention strategies and promoting oral health of primary and middle school students. Methods: Primary and middle school students in the Corps were selected as survey subjects by a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method in September 2023. Basic information and dietary behaviors were collected through questionnaire surveys, and dental caries status was examined by oral health technicians. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of dental caries among primary and middle school students. Results: A total of 80 370 primary and middle school students were investigated, including 40 582 males (50.49%) and 39 788 females (49.51%). There were 37 608 primary school students (46.79%), 34 612 junior high school students (43.07%), and 8 150 senior high school students (10.14%). There were 26 669 students with dental caries, with a prevalence rate of 33.18%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of dental caries was higher among female students (OR=1.170, 95%CI: 1.136-1.206), students in suburban counties (OR=1.212, 95%CI: 1.166-1.258), boarding students (OR=1.306, 95%CI: 1.257-1.357), and those with a frequency of fried food intake ≥1 time per day (OR=1.175, 95%CI: 1.084-1.273). Conversely, the risk of dental caries was lower among middle school students (OR=0.542, 95%CI: 0.524-0.560), high school students (OR=0.661, 95%CI: 0.620-0.705), and those with a frequency of vegetable intake ≥1 time per day (1 time per day, OR=0.900, 95%CI: 0.838-0.967), (≥2 time per day, OR=0.879, 95%CI: 0.819-0.944), and those who sometimes ate breakfast (OR=0.907, 95%CI: 0.874-0.942). Conclusions The prevalence of dental caries among primary and middle school students in the Corps is relatively high, and is influenced by various factors such as gender, school stage, area, boarding status, and dietary behaviors. It is suggested to strengthen oral health knowledge education among students, conduct regular oral health examinations, and improve the overall level of oral health.

ObjectiveTo investigate the optimal termination time for acupuncture in treating patients with acute peripheral facial paralysis and its cost-effectiveness. MethodsA total of 120 eligible patients with acute-stage peri-pheral facial paralysis were randomly assigned to either the mild dysfunction termination group and the complete recovery termination group， with 60 patients in each group. Both groups received the standard acupuncture treatment protocol. Treatment in the mild dysfunction termination group was terminated when the Sunnybrook facial grade scale （SFGS） score first reached or exceeded 83 points， while that in the complete recovery termination group was terminated when the SFGS score first reached or exceeded 95 points. Assessments were conducted before treatment， 6 and 12 months after onset. SFGS， facial disability index （FDI） including physical function （FDIp） and social function （FDIs）， self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）， and self-rating depression scale （SDS） scores were assessed before treatment， and 6 and 12 months after onset. Any acupuncture-related adverse events during treatment were recorded for safety evaluation. Treatment sessions and medical costs including direct costs， indirect costs， insurance coverage， total societal costs， and patient out-of-pocket expenses were also recorded， and an economic evaluation was conducted including cost-effectiveness ratio （CER） and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER）. ResultsUltimately， 56 patients in the mild dysfunction termination group and 55 in the complete recovery termination group completed the follow-up. At 6 and 12 months after onset， SFGS and FDIp scores in both groups improved significantly while FDIs， SAS and SDS scores decreased （P＜0.05）. Comparison of scores between groups 6 months and 12 months after onset showed no statistically significant differences （P＞0.05）. During the trial， the incidence of adverse events was 13.3% （8/60） in the mild dysfunction termination group and 18.3% （11/60） in the complete recovery termination group， with no statistically significant difference （P＞0.05）. The number of treatment sessions， total social costs， and out-of-pocket expenses in the mild dysfunction termination group were significantly lower than those in the complete recovery termination group （P＜0.05）. The CER of the mild dysfunction termination group in SFGS， FDIp， FDIs， SAS， and SDS scores was lower than that of the complete recovery termination group. The ICER analysis showed that continuing treatment until full recovery incurred an additional cost of 573.30 CNY/point in SFGS improvement， whereas 1-point improvement in FDIp， FDIs， SAS， and SDS required 21,355.25 CNY， 1779.60 CNY， 3713.96 CNY， and 2755.52 CNY， respectively. ConclusionFor acupuncture in treating acute peripheral facial palsy， terminating treatment when mild dysfunction is achieved yields long-term efficacy comparable to that of continuing treatment until complete recovery， while significantly reducing medical costs and socioeconomic burden.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammation-related diseases due to their potent immunomodulatory properties. Several studies have demonstrated that MSC-mediated immunomodulation is complex and bidirectional, with the in vivo microenvironment influencing the direction of this modulation. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunosuppressive factor, has been identified as a key "switch" in the immunomodulatory role of MSCs. In this review, we explore how IDO functions as a critical regulator of MSC immunoregulatory plasticity. We delve into the mechanisms by which changes in IDO expression affect the function of various immune cells, summarize relevant research and clinical advances regarding the role of IDO expression in MSC-based therapies for various diseases, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies that target IDO to enhance the stability of MSC therapeutic effects. This provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing MSCs as safer and more effective clinical therapeutic agents.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate preterm white matter injury (PWMI) in neonatal rats using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with histological assessments and to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Healthy 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group and a PWMI group (n=12 in each group). A PWMI model was established in neonatal rats through hypoxia-ischemia. Laser speckle imaging was used to observe changes in cerebral oxygen saturation and blood flow at different time points post-modeling. Multimodal MRI was employed to assess the condition of white matter injury, while hematoxylin-eosin staining was utilized to observe morphological changes in the striatal area on the injured side. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. RESULTS: At 0, 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours post-modeling, the relative blood flow and relative oxygen saturation on the injured side in the PWMI group were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group (P<0.05). At 24 hours post-modeling, T2-weighted imaging showed high signals in the white matter of the injured side in the PWMI group, with relative apparent diffusion coefficient values and Lorenz differential values being lower than those in the sham operation group (P<0.001); additionally, the arrangement of nerve cells in the PWMI group was disordered, and the number of EdU⁺PDGFR-α⁺ cells was higher than that in the sham operation group (P<0.001). At 28 days post-modeling, the relative fractional anisotropy values, the number of EdU⁺Olig2⁺ cells, and the fluorescence intensity of myelin basic protein and neurofilament protein 200 in the white matter region of the PWMI group were all lower than those in the sham operation group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Multimodal MRI can evaluate early and long-term changes in PWMI in neonatal rat models in vivo, providing both imaging and pathological evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of PWMI in neonates. Hypoxia-ischemia inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in neonatal rats, leading to PWMI.
Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Rats ; White Matter/injuries* ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; Multimodal Imaging ; Male ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the expression levels and prognostic significance of MYCN in bone marrow of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: A total of 62 newly diagnosed patients with non-M3 AML were enrolled as the study group, and 20 healthy donors as the control group. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the expression level of MYCN, and the relationship between MYCN expression and prognosis of AML patients was analyzed. RESULTS: MYCN was up-regulated in newly diagnosed AML patients compared with normal controls (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that MYCN could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for AML. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with high MYCN expression had a shorter overall survival (OS) time than the patients with low MYCN expression (P =0.016). The expression level of MYCN was lower during the complete ressimion (CR) phase of AML compared to the initial diagnosis, but it returned to the initial diagnostic level or even higher during relapse phase. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high expression of MYCN was an independent risk factor for OS of AML patients (P =0.021). CONCLUSION MYCN is highly expressed and associated with poor prognosis in de novo AML, which might be serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for adult AML.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein ; Adult ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: This study examines utilizes the advantages of machine learning algorithms to discern key determinants in prognosticate postoperative circulatory complications (PCCs) for older patients. METHODS: This secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial involved 1,720 elderly participants in five tertiary hospitals in Beijing, China. Participants aged 60-90 years undergoing major non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. The primary outcome metric of the study was the occurrence of PCCs, according to the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Anaesthesiology diagnostic criteria. The analysis metrics contained 67 candidate variables, including baseline characteristics, laboratory tests, and scale assessments. RESULTS: Our feature selection process identified key variables that significantly impact patient outcomes, including the duration of ICU stay, surgery, and anesthesia; APACHE-II score; intraoperative average heart rate and blood loss; cumulative opioid use during surgery; patient age; VAS-Move-Median score on the 1st to 3rd day; Charlson comorbidity score; volumes of intraoperative plasma, crystalloid, and colloid fluids; cumulative red blood cell transfusion during surgery; and endotracheal intubation duration. Notably, our Random Forest model demonstrated exceptional performance with an accuracy of 0.9872. CONCLUSION We have developed and validated an algorithm for predicting PCCs in elderly patients by identifying key risk factors.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology* ; Machine Learning ; Postoperative Complications/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Secondary Data Analysis

Objective To investigate the alterations of cerebral blood flow(CBF)in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM) patients without cognitive impairment by using arterial spin labeling(ASL)technique.Methods A total of 23 T2DM patients without cognitive impairment and 23 healthy controls(HC)matched by age,sex,and education attainment were recruited.Their clinical data were collected,and neuropsychological tests and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging were performed.Then,the outcomes of clinical features,neuropsychological tests,and global and regional CBF were compared between the two groups.The significant regional zCBF(z-transformed relative CBF)values were extracted and correlated with clinical data and neuropsychological scores in T2DM patients,controlling age,sex,and education.Results No significant difference was found in whole brain CBF between the two groups(P=0.155),while significantly higher CBF was identified in the left superior temporal gyrus and left insula in the T2DM group(Gaussian random field correction,initial threshold P < 0.001,cluster level P < 0.05).No correlation was observed between the significant regional zCBF values and the clinical data or the neuropsychological scores in T2DM patients(all P>0.05).Conclusion Alterations in cerebral hemodynamics may precede cognitive function changes in T2DM,suggesting that the ASL technique is promising for early monitoring of cerebral hemodynamic changes associated with cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology* ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Case-Control Studies ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Aged

Abstract Upper cross syndrome (UCS) is an abnormal body posture phenomenon. The detection rate of UCS in adolescents is high in China, which has become a serious public health problem threatening the health of adolescents. Exercise therapy has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of UCS.The article reviews the pathological mechanisms of muscle imbalance, muscle interaction inhibition, and neural control related to the occurrence and development of UCS both domestically and internationally in recent years.And it elucidates the effects and corresponding mechanisms of exercise interventions such as gentle exercise, stretching exercise and physical function training on UCS, so as to provide help for the correction of UCS.