Objective:To investigate the mechanism through which ginsenoside Re enhances lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in H9C2 cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose and high fat, specifically by modulating AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and specificity protein 1(Sp1).Methods:The H9C2 cardiomyocyte model was cultured in a high-glucose and high-lipid(HGHL)environment.Six groups were established: a control group(CON group), a model group(HGHL group), a ginsenoside Re 60 μmol/L group(Re 60 μmol/L), a model+ ginsenoside Re 20 μmol/L group(HGHL+ Re 20 μmol/L), a model+ ginsenoside Re 40 μmol/L group(HGHL+ Re 40 μmol/L), and a model+ ginsenoside Re 60 μmol/L group(HGHL+ Re 60 μmol/L).Cell morphology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining, while intracellular oil and triglyceride content were evaluated using oil red O staining.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were measured with a fluorescence kit, apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL staining, and the expressions of phosphorylated AMPK, Sp1, nuclear respiratory factor 1(Nrf1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC1α)were analyzed via Western blotting.Results:Compared to the control group, the model group exhibited significant increases in cell hypertrophy, ROS levels, apoptosis, and intracellular TG.Conversely, the expressions of pAMPK, Nrf1, and PGC1α were significantly decreased, while the expression of Sp1 was significantly increased( P<0.05).Compared to the model group, treatment with Ginsenoside Re at concentrations of 20 μmol/L, 40 μmol/L, and 60 μmol/L significantly improved cell hypertrophy, reduced ROS levels, alleviated apoptosis, and decreased intracellular TG levels.Additionally, the expressions of pAMPK, Nrf1, and PGC1α were significantly increased, while Sp1 expression was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner( P<0.05). Conclusions:Ginsenoside Re enhances lipid metabolism, mitigates mitochondrial oxidative stress, and reduces apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose and high lipid conditions.This effect is associated with the regulation of AMPK and Sp1 proteins, leading to increased expressions of pAMPK, Nrf1, and PGC-1α, and decreased expression of Sp1.

Lateral posterior choroidal artery aneurysm is rare.The authors reported a patient diagnosed as lateral posterior choroidal artery aneurysm with intracerebral hemorrhage as the first manifestation,and discussed its pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment.

Lateral posterior choroidal artery aneurysm is rare.The authors reported a patient diagnosed as lateral posterior choroidal artery aneurysm with intracerebral hemorrhage as the first manifestation,and discussed its pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism through which ginsenoside Re enhances lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in H9C2 cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose and high fat, specifically by modulating AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and specificity protein 1(Sp1).Methods:The H9C2 cardiomyocyte model was cultured in a high-glucose and high-lipid(HGHL)environment.Six groups were established: a control group(CON group), a model group(HGHL group), a ginsenoside Re 60 μmol/L group(Re 60 μmol/L), a model+ ginsenoside Re 20 μmol/L group(HGHL+ Re 20 μmol/L), a model+ ginsenoside Re 40 μmol/L group(HGHL+ Re 40 μmol/L), and a model+ ginsenoside Re 60 μmol/L group(HGHL+ Re 60 μmol/L).Cell morphology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining, while intracellular oil and triglyceride content were evaluated using oil red O staining.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were measured with a fluorescence kit, apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL staining, and the expressions of phosphorylated AMPK, Sp1, nuclear respiratory factor 1(Nrf1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC1α)were analyzed via Western blotting.Results:Compared to the control group, the model group exhibited significant increases in cell hypertrophy, ROS levels, apoptosis, and intracellular TG.Conversely, the expressions of pAMPK, Nrf1, and PGC1α were significantly decreased, while the expression of Sp1 was significantly increased( P<0.05).Compared to the model group, treatment with Ginsenoside Re at concentrations of 20 μmol/L, 40 μmol/L, and 60 μmol/L significantly improved cell hypertrophy, reduced ROS levels, alleviated apoptosis, and decreased intracellular TG levels.Additionally, the expressions of pAMPK, Nrf1, and PGC1α were significantly increased, while Sp1 expression was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner( P<0.05). Conclusions:Ginsenoside Re enhances lipid metabolism, mitigates mitochondrial oxidative stress, and reduces apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose and high lipid conditions.This effect is associated with the regulation of AMPK and Sp1 proteins, leading to increased expressions of pAMPK, Nrf1, and PGC-1α, and decreased expression of Sp1.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in children, and to investigate the factors influencing their prognosis.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 128 children with IMN hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into 2 groups according to the pathological manifestations: group A[typical membranous nephropathy(MN) group] and group B (atypical MN group), and the clinicopathological characteristics of the 2 groups were compared.Different treatment regimens and their efficacy were summarized, and the prognosis and its influencing factors were analyzed.The primary endpoint event at follow-up was the occurrence of end stage renal disease (ESRD), and the secondary endpoint event was the occurrence of renal insufficiency.Children with IMN were further divided into endpoint event group and non-endpoint event group according to the presence or absence of endpoint events at the last follow-up.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve method.The Cox proportional risk model method was used to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of poor kidney outcomes in children with IMN. Results:(1)A total of 128 children were included, with the male-to-female ratio of 1.13∶1.00.The median age of onset and peak age of onset were 13.0 (10.3, 15.0) years, and 12-16 years (68.8%), respectively.Massive proteinuria was detected in 119 cases (93.0%), including 103 cases (80.5%) with massive proteinuria and hematuria, 4 cases(3.1%) with simple hematuria, and 5 cases (3.9%) with non-renal proteinuria.There were 29 cases (22.7%) in group A and 99 cases (77.3%) in group B. (2)Blood triacylglycerol level was significantly higher in group B than that of group A[2.1 (1.5, 3.0) mmol/L vs.1.7(1.1, 2.5) mmol/L], while high-density lipoprotein[1.5(1.1, 1.8) mmol/L vs.1.8(1.4, 2.1) mmol/L], serum albumin[22.0(17.0, 27.3) g/L vs.25.5 (21.0, 32.5) g/L] and complement C3[(1.1±0.2) g/L vs.(1.2±0.2) g/L] were significantly lower in group B than those of group A (all P<0.05). (3)Complete clinical data during hospitalization and follow-up data were obtained from 91 children with IMN, with a median follow-up time of 87.0 (49.0, 104.5) months.Among them, 5 cases (5.5%) progressed to ESRD, involving 3 cases received renal transplantation, and 9 cases (9.9%) had secondary endpoints.Cumulative renal survival rate for ESRD at 5 and 10 years were 96.2% and 92.9%, respectively, which, for the secondary endpoints at 5 and 10 years were 95.2% and 84.8%, respectively.(4)Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference in the cumulative renal survival between group A and group B ( P>0.05). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis was an independent risk factor for renal insufficiency in children with IMN ( HR=0.102, 95% CI: 0.011-0.940, P<0.05). Conclusions:Massive proteinuria combined with hematuria is the major clinical manifestation of IMN in children, and atypical MN is the major pathological manifestation.Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis is an independent risk factor for renal insufficiency in children with IMN.

Objective To explore epidemic characteristics of the coexistence of common chronic diseases among community residents in Jiading District, Shanghai, and to provide a basis for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in the community. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted in the present study, and residents over 20 years old in three selected streets (towns) were investigated. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data, and χ² test was used to compare the difference between groups. Results Among the respondents, 24.80% had no chronic diseases and 75.20% had various chronic diseases. The top ten most common diseases were hypertension (37.82%), fatty liver (30.10%), chronic gastritis (18.11%), hyperlipidemia (14.51%), thyroid disease (8.85%), diabetes mellitus (8.65%), renal cyst (8.12%), chronic bronchitis (7.62%), kidney stone (6.97%) and gout (5.75%). The prevalence increased with age. Chronic diseases existed in the form of multiple diseases, and the prevalence rates of two, three, four, five, six and more chronic diseases at the same time were respectively 19.78%, 13.07%, 7.90%, 4.11% and 4.09%. The most common comorbid diseases were hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes combined with other chronic diseases. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in residents in Jiading District was very high. Most of the residents suffered from multiple chronic diseases in which hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes were the common basis. The comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in the community should be strengthened.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features and gene phenotype of children with spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation (SPENCDI) caused by ACP5 gene mutation. Methods:The medical data and genetic phenotype of a child diagnosed with SPENCDI in the Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in February 23, 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.Besides, " spondyloenchondrodysplasia" were taken as the search terms to perform the retrieval in CNKI, Wanfang Data, and PubMed, in an attempt to conduct the literature review.χ 2 test was used to compare the factors among children with different mutations. Results:The 4.5-year-old girl was admitted to hospital for complaint of " fever and chilblain-like rash" when she was 2 years old.She was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) concomitant with lupus nephritis.Methylprednisolone combined with cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil was used for the treatment.However, she experienced multiple infections, thrombocytopenia, limp, and growth retardation during the treatment.Genetic detection identified ACP5 gene compound hybrid mutation: c.779C>A and c. 770T>C.She was diagnosed with SPENCDI, and was subjected to follow-up.A total of 78 SPENCDI patients were retrieved from the databases, with various clinical manifestations of SPENCDI, commonly with skeletal involvement and immune phenotypes; 73.08% of the cases were positive for antinuclear antibodies, 57.69% of cases were positive for anti-double stranded-DNA antibodies and 34.62% of cases had neurological symptoms.In 58 cases, ACP5 gene mutations were detected, including 44 homozygous mutations and 14 compound heterozygous mutations.Patients with ACP5 gene homozygous mutation had a higher probability of consanguineous marriage in parents [56.82% (25/44 cases) vs.14.29% (2/14 cases)]; patients with ACP5 gene heterozygous mutation were more likely to develop SLE [64.29% (9/14 cases) vs.34.09% (15/44 cases)]( χ2=7.722, 3.992; all P<0.05). Conclusions:The majority of the ACP5 gene mutations are homozygous mutations in patients with SPENCDI, and heterozygous mutations are rare.The clinical manifestations of SPENCDI are various and complex, it is prone to develop autoimmune diseases, and there was no clear correlation between clinical features and gene phenotype in SPENCDI patients.

Objective:To explore the effects of anti-microbial compound （T1） from Bacillus （Phylum Firmicutes） and anti-microbial compound （T2） from Pseudomonas and Rhizobium， two growth-promoting agents， on the physiological characteristics and growth of Fritillaria przewalskii， in order to lay a foundation for the development of functional microbial agents and the promotion of ecological planting. Method:The endophytic bacteria of F. przewalskii were isolated and identified using conventional methods. The leaves of three-year-old F. przewalskii were sprayed with T1 and T2， followed by yield determination. The enzyme activities and physiological and biochemical indexes in the plant and microorganisms were measured using the corresponding assay kits， and the contents of related hormones by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）. Result:The isolated endophytic bacteria were classified into Firmicutes，Proteobacteria， and Actinomycetes. The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and peroxidase（POD） and auxin content after T2 treatment were significantly higher than those after T1 treatment， while the contents of siderophore，salicylic acid， and gibberellin were lower. Compared with the blank （CK） group， T1 and T2 increased the contents of endogenous gibberellin，cytokinin， and auxin in F. przewalskii leaves，but did not significantly change jasmonic acid and abscisic acid. T1 promoted the accumulation of endogenous salicylic acid in F. przewalskii leaves， but there was no significant change after T2 treatment. Compared with CK，T1 and T2 enhanced the activities of SOD， POD， and catalase （CAT） and decreased the content of malondialdehyde. T2 promoted the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in F. przewalskii leaves， but no significant difference was observed after T1 treatment. Compared with CK，both T1 and T2 increased chlorophyll，average iron content in rhizosphere soil， and 100-plant weight. Conclusion:T1 and T2 treatments help to increase the yield，and their specific mechanisms differ from each other. T1 exhibits better effect than T2.

Novel coronavirus pneumonia, also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is caused by a new coronavirus that infects the lungs. Although some patients with COVID-19 may be combined with neurological symptoms, there is no direct evidence that this new coronavirus can directly invade nerve system. A case of COVID-19 with tuberculous meningitis is reported to remind that when patients with COVID-19 present symptom of encephalitis or meningitis, a comprehensive pathogen examination is recommended.

We report a case of suspected fetal congenital glaucoma detected by prenatal ultrasound. The mother had no history of cold, medication, or radiation exposure in the first trimester. Routine prenatal ultrasound at 23 +2 weeks of gestation found a 2.5 mm ventricular septum defect, and the sagittal and transverse diameters of the left and right eyeballs were all greater than the normal range of the same gestational weeks, which were noted at 18.57 mm and 17.26 mm, 18.21 mm and 17.22 mm, respectively. Dynamic observation revealed that the bilateral eyelids were unable to close with cornea being exposed to amniotic fluid. The pregnancy was terminated at 23 +6 weeks and a stillborn female weighing 650 g was delivered two days later. Congenital glaucoma was highly suspected by postnatal ophthalmic examination, accompanied by a deformity of the left thumb. No abnormality was detected on fetal chromosome karyotyping or whole-exon sequencing. When unilateral or bilateral megalophthalmos in the fetus is detected by prenatal ultrasound, congenital glaucoma should be considered.