The new era imposes heightened demands on medical professionals,who must not only possess a solid theoretical foundation but also exhibit strong practical skills and innovative capabilities.The quality of medical func-tional laboratory construction is crucial for cultivating high-caliber medical talents.In light of the current developmental status and trends regarding functional experiment teaching within Chinese higher education institutions,particularly the disparities in development across various regions and institutions,the Functional Experiment Teaching Committee of the Chinese Pathophysiology Society has developed an expert consensus on laboratory construction standards.This consensus was established through comprehensive investigations,research,and extensive discussions to provide a reference for di-verse institutions to continuously enhance their levels of laboratory construction.

Objective To observe the value of singular value decomposition(SVD)combined with block-matching and three-dimensional(BM3D)filtering for improving imaging quality of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods Three subject who would undergo liver,kidney and ovarian CEUS examination respectively were prospectively enrolled,and 250 images unaffected by respiratory movements were acquired in each one.SVD filtering was performed alone and combined with BM3D filtering,and contrast-to-tissue ratio(CTR),contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the obtained CEUS images were calculated and compared.Results Compared with original CEUS images,CTR,CNR and SNR of SVD alone filtered CEUS images improved,which all further improved after combining with BM3D filtering.Conclusion SVD combined with BM3D filtering could significantly suppress the background tissue signals and remove noise,improving imaging quality of CEUS.

Image 1.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value and clinical application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology in pediatric urinary tract infections (UTI).Methods:In this retrospective study, the clinical data of children with UTI admitted to the Department of Nephrology, Children′s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, from March 2023 to March 2024 were collected.The positive detection rates, timeliness, and consistency of mNGS technology were compared with those of urine culture.Measurement data were subject to test of normality.The independent sample t test, Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability test were used for comparison between groups. Results:A total of 193 patients were included.The positive detection rate of urine culture was 36.3% (70/193).Among 42 patients who underwent mNGS testing, 37 cases (88.1%) tested positive.The positive detection rate of mNGS was significantly higher than that of urine culture ( χ2=37.357, P<0.001).It took significantly less time to report mNGS results than to report urine culture results ( Z=3.524, P<0.001).In the 42 cases that underwent mNGS testing, 5 cases (11.9%) were negative for urine pathogens by both methods, and 21 cases (50.0%) were positive by mNGS but negative by urine culture.Among the remaining 16 cases (38.1%) positive by both mNGS and urine culture, 14 cases (33.3%) achieved fully matching results, 1 case (2.4%) was fully mismatched, and 1 case (2.4%) was partially matched.Comparison of the positive detection rate and the duration of anti-infective treatment prior to specimen collection between urine culture and mNGS showed that the median durations for urine culture and mNGS positivity were 5 and 20 days, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=0.537, P<0.001). Conclusions:mNGS technology has high sensitivity for diagnosing pathogens in pediatric UTI.Compared with urine culture, mNGS provides good consistency and significantly shortens the detection time.The positive detection rate is less affected by antimicrobial treatment.For children with UTI, especially those who have failed empirical anti-infective treatment and whose pathogen cannot be identified by urine culture, mNGS testing is recommended as early as possible.

The new era imposes heightened demands on medical professionals,who must not only possess a solid theoretical foundation but also exhibit strong practical skills and innovative capabilities.The quality of medical func-tional laboratory construction is crucial for cultivating high-caliber medical talents.In light of the current developmental status and trends regarding functional experiment teaching within Chinese higher education institutions,particularly the disparities in development across various regions and institutions,the Functional Experiment Teaching Committee of the Chinese Pathophysiology Society has developed an expert consensus on laboratory construction standards.This consensus was established through comprehensive investigations,research,and extensive discussions to provide a reference for di-verse institutions to continuously enhance their levels of laboratory construction.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value and clinical application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology in pediatric urinary tract infections (UTI).Methods:In this retrospective study, the clinical data of children with UTI admitted to the Department of Nephrology, Children′s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, from March 2023 to March 2024 were collected.The positive detection rates, timeliness, and consistency of mNGS technology were compared with those of urine culture.Measurement data were subject to test of normality.The independent sample t test, Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability test were used for comparison between groups. Results:A total of 193 patients were included.The positive detection rate of urine culture was 36.3% (70/193).Among 42 patients who underwent mNGS testing, 37 cases (88.1%) tested positive.The positive detection rate of mNGS was significantly higher than that of urine culture ( χ2=37.357, P<0.001).It took significantly less time to report mNGS results than to report urine culture results ( Z=3.524, P<0.001).In the 42 cases that underwent mNGS testing, 5 cases (11.9%) were negative for urine pathogens by both methods, and 21 cases (50.0%) were positive by mNGS but negative by urine culture.Among the remaining 16 cases (38.1%) positive by both mNGS and urine culture, 14 cases (33.3%) achieved fully matching results, 1 case (2.4%) was fully mismatched, and 1 case (2.4%) was partially matched.Comparison of the positive detection rate and the duration of anti-infective treatment prior to specimen collection between urine culture and mNGS showed that the median durations for urine culture and mNGS positivity were 5 and 20 days, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=0.537, P<0.001). Conclusions:mNGS technology has high sensitivity for diagnosing pathogens in pediatric UTI.Compared with urine culture, mNGS provides good consistency and significantly shortens the detection time.The positive detection rate is less affected by antimicrobial treatment.For children with UTI, especially those who have failed empirical anti-infective treatment and whose pathogen cannot be identified by urine culture, mNGS testing is recommended as early as possible.

Objective To observe the value of singular value decomposition(SVD)combined with block-matching and three-dimensional(BM3D)filtering for improving imaging quality of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods Three subject who would undergo liver,kidney and ovarian CEUS examination respectively were prospectively enrolled,and 250 images unaffected by respiratory movements were acquired in each one.SVD filtering was performed alone and combined with BM3D filtering,and contrast-to-tissue ratio(CTR),contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the obtained CEUS images were calculated and compared.Results Compared with original CEUS images,CTR,CNR and SNR of SVD alone filtered CEUS images improved,which all further improved after combining with BM3D filtering.Conclusion SVD combined with BM3D filtering could significantly suppress the background tissue signals and remove noise,improving imaging quality of CEUS.

Objective:To explore the application value of singular value decomposition(SVD)in optimizing the image quality of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)and perioperative CEUS assessment of microwave ablation(MWA)for thyroid nodule.Methods:The data sets of two-dimensional ultrasound and CEUS images of two patients with thyroid nodules,who underwent MWA in China Resources&Wisco General Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology from April 2023,were collected.The contrast images based on CEUS images after SVD filtering were obtained according to the normalized cross-correlation algorithm,and the differences of signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and micro-vessel density(MVD)between the contrast images after SVD filtering and original CEUS images were compared.Results:Compared with the original CEUS images of thyroid nodules before and after MWA,the contrast images that were processed by SVD filtering can more clearly show the vascular structure with thyroid nodules,and can detect more signals of blood flow.The results showed that the average SNR of the original CEUS images after operation was(1.07±0.66)dB,and the average SNR of the contrast images by SVD filtering after operation was(6.21±1.01)dB(t=-6.015,P=0.038).The average MVD of the original CEUS images after operation was(0.60±0.33)%,and the average MVD of the contrast images of SVD filtering after operation was(5.42±0.67)%(t=-9.076,P=0.029).It can show that the SNR and MVD of the contrast images of SVD-filtering after operation were significantly higher than these of the original CEUS images after operation,and the results of these studies were significant.Conclusion:SVD filtering can effectively suppress noise and enhance the signals of micro-blood flow.The improved quality of contrast images can be used in the accurate diagnosis of perioperative MWA of thyroid nodules,it can sensitively detect the residually incomplete areas of ablation after operation,so as to guide clinicians to carry out more thorough ablation treatment and provide decision support for the assessment of curative effect of accurate ablation.

Objective To construct and validate a risk prediction model for delayed healing of venous leg ulcer(VLU),so as to provide a reference basis for early identification of people at high risk of delayed healing.Methods Using a convenience sampling method,331 VLU patients attending vascular surgery departments in 2 tertiary A hospitals in Sichuan Province from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as a modeling group and an internal validation group,and 112 patients admitted to another tertiary A hospital were selected as an external validation group.Risk factors for delayed healing in VLU patients were screened using univariate analysis,LASSO regression,and multivariate logistic regression analysis,and a risk prediction model was constructed using R software,and the predictive effects of the models were examined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,the Hosmer-Lemeshow test,decision curve,and the bootstrap resampling for internal validation and spatial external validation were performed,respectively.Results The predictors that ultimately entered the prediction model were diabetes(OR=4.752),deep vein thrombosis(OR=4.104),lipodermatosclerosis(OR=5.405),ulcer recurrence(OR=3.239),and ankle mobility(OR=5.520).The model had good discrimination(AUC:0.819 for internal validation and 0.858 for external validation),calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow test:χ2=13.517,P=0.095 for internal validation and χ2=3.375,P=0.909 for external validation)and clinical validity.Conclusion The model constructed in this study has good differentiation and calibration,and it can effectively predict people at high risk of delayed healing of VLU,which facilitates targeted clinical interventions to improve ulcer outcomes and reduce the risk of delayed ulcer healing.

Objective To compare the application of multifunctional ureterostomy stent and traditional ureterostomy internal stent in patients with total ureterostomy.Methods Prospectively,102 patients with bladder cancer and undergoing elective radical cystectomy with urinary diversion admitted to our hospital from March 2019 to March 2023 were selected for the study.According to the random number rank method,the patients were divided into the study group(51 cases)and the control group(51 cases).The control group was given a traditional single-J ureteral stomy stent drainage device,and the research group was given a multifunctional ureteral stomy stent drainage device.The differences of OAI score,renal function index(eGFR),recent complications,long-term complications and quality of life(FACT-BL score)were compared between the two groups.Results OAI scores 1 month,3 months and 6 months after surgery(study group:49.33±4.07,57.29±3.90,68.25±3.76;control group:44.25±4.61,52.31±4.58,59.06±4.37)and before surgery(study group:32.71±4.32;control group:33.18±4.74)compared with higher levels(P＜0.05),but the study group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05).Repeated measurement ANOVA results showed that eGFR at 3 months and 6 months after surgery(study group:86.07±4.07,88.01±3.01;control group:83.09±3.06,85.06±5.09)and before surgery(study group:82.05±6.04;control group:81.03±5.06)compared with higher levels(P＜0.05),but the study group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05).The total rate of recent complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group(7.84％VS 23.53％,P＜0.05).The total incidence of long-term complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group(43.14％VS 78.43％,P＜0.05).Emotional status score,physical status score,functional status score,social and family status score,BSS score,FACT-BL total score of the two groups 6 months after surgery(study group:20.25±2.36,24.92±1.87,25.65±1.11,26.02±1.14,32.75±1.76,129.59±5.74;Control group:18.65±3.10,20.18±3.02,23.51±1.29,21.51±2.24,30.26±3.07,114.10±10.37)and preoperative(study group:14.27±3.56,16.57±3.58,17.27±2.35,17.49±2.64,23.41±5.25,89.02±13.62;Control group:14.39±3.44,16.47±3.25,17.22±2.34,17.55±2.59,23.43±5.25,89.25±13.62)were increased(P＜0.05),and the study group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of multifunctional ureteral stent in patients with ureteral cutaneous stomy with total cystotomy can effectively improve the adaptability of stomy,promote the recovery of renal function,reduce the risk of short-term and long-term complications,and improve the quality of life of patients.