ObjectiveTo understand the seropositivity of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and low-level NAb against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community residents, and to explore the impact of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the levels of NAb in human serum. MethodsOn the ground of surveillance cohort for acute infectious diseases in community populations in Shanghai, a proportional stratified sampling method was used to enroll the subjects at a 20% proportion for each age group (0‒14, 15‒24, 25‒59, and ≥60 years old). Blood samples collection and serum SARS-CoV-2 NAb concentration testing were conducted from March to April 2023. Low-level NAb were defined as below the 25^th percentile of NAb. ResultsA total of 2 230 participants were included, the positive rate of NAb was 97.58%, and the proportion of low-level NAb was 25.02% (558/2 230). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, infection history and vaccination status were correlated with low-level NAb (all P<0.05). Individuals aged 60 years and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb. There was a statistically significant interaction between booster vaccination and one single infection (aOR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.19‒0.77). Compared to individuals without vaccination, among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 once, both primary immunization (aOR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.16‒0.35) and booster immunization (aOR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.08‒0.17) significantly reduced the risk of low-level NAb; among individuals without infections, only booster immunization (aOR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.14‒0.52) showed a negative correlation with the risk of low-level NAb. ConclusionsThe population aged 60 and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb. Regardless of infection history, a booster immunization could reduce the risk of low-level NAb. It is recommended that eligible individuals , especially the elderly, should get vaccinated in a timely manner to exert the protective role of NAb.

Complement C3 plays a critical role in periodontitis. However, its source, role and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In our study, by analyzing single-cell sequencing data from mouse model of periodontitis, we identified that C3 is primarily derived from periodontal fibroblasts. Subsequently, we demonstrated that C3a has a detrimental effect in ligature-induced periodontitis. C3ar^-/- mice exhibited significantly less destruction of periodontal support tissues compared to wild-type mice, characterized by mild gingival tissue damage and reduced alveolar bone loss. This reduction was associated with decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediators and reduced osteoclast infiltration in the periodontal tissues. Mechanistic studies suggested that C3a could promote macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation. Finally, by analyzing single-cell sequencing data from the periodontal tissues of patients with periodontitis, we found that the results observed in mice were consistent with human data. Therefore, our findings clearly demonstrate the destructive role of fibroblast-derived C3 in ligature-induced periodontitis, driven by macrophage M1 polarization and osteoclast differentiation. These data strongly support the feasibility of C3a-targeted interventions for the treatment of human periodontitis.
Animals ; Osteoclasts/cytology* ; Periodontitis/metabolism* ; Cell Differentiation ; Mice ; Fibroblasts/metabolism* ; Macrophages ; Disease Models, Animal ; Complement C3/metabolism* ; Humans ; Disease Progression ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Mice, Knockout

Objective:To evaluate the potential value of 18×10 3 translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand ( N, N-diethy1-2-(2-(4-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy) phenyl)-5, 7-dimethylpyrazolo[1, 5-A]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide, 18F-DPA-714) PET compared with conventional MR in the detection of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), the correlation with clinical symptoms, and the monitoring of immunotherapy efficacy in patients with AE. Methods:From December 2021 to June 2024, 45 AE patients (17 males, 28 females, age (38.3±17.0) years) diagnosed at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and 10 healthy volunteers (7 males, 3 females, age (28.7±5.1) years) were enrolled in this prospective study. All participants underwent baseline 18F-DPA-714 PET/MR scans, and 23 of these AE patients underwent further follow-up 18F-DPA-714 PET/MR scans. 18F-DPA-714 PET positivity was defined as having an uptake intensity threshold higher than the mean SUV ratio (SUVR)+ 2 s of the corresponding brain region in healthy controls. MR positivity was defined as abnormal hyperintensity in a specific brain region or multiple brain regions on the T 2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR). The positive detection rates of 18F-DPA-714 PET and MR was analyzed using McNemar χ2 test, and the differences in the uptake intensity (SUVR) of 18F-DPA-714 between symptomatic and non-symptomatic groups, and between remission and non-remission groups after immunotherapy were compared using independent-sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the changing rate of SUVR and the changing of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score before and after treatment. Results:The positive detecting rate of 18F-DPA-714 PET for AE was significantly higher than that of MR (73.3%(33/45) vs 35.6%(16/45); χ2=11.56, P=0.001). The cerebellar SUVR of ataxia patients was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic patients (1.22(1.06, 1.33) vs 1.08(0.99, 1.20); Z=-2.14, P=0.034). Follow-up imaging showed that the SUVR of patients in the remission group after immunotherapy was significantly lower than that in the non-remission group ((-15.19±10.17)% vs (14.26±13.36)%; t=5.81, P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between the changing rate of SUVR and the changing of the mRS score before and after treatment ( rs=0.65, P<0.001). Conclusion:Compared with conventional MR, 18F-DPA-714 PET has a higher positive detecting rate for AE, and has the potential to reflect the clinical symptoms of AE and monitor the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Obesity has emerged as a critical global public health challenge,with an urgent need for effective prevention and control strategies.Traditional nutritional intervention approaches often overlook individual variability and dietary complexity,which limits their effectiveness in achieving precision-based prevention and control.In this context,nutritional intervention strategies are gradually shifting from population-based models to individualized precision nutrition models,which integrate and analyze multidimensional data to open new pathways for obesity prevention and control.The theoretical framework of precision nutrition is based on the recognition that individual heterogeneity in biological mechanisms underlies individual variations in nutritional needs.The research approaches in precision nutrition include genomics,epigenetics,metagenomics,metabolomics,and integrated multi-omics analyses.In terms of application,precision nutrition combines advanced external dietary exposure assessment tools—such as Internet-based dietary assessment systems and AI-driven image recognition—with omics-derived internal biomarkers to enable accurate quantification of dietary intake.Principles such as holistic dietary integrity,full coverage of dietary restrictions,optimized cooking methods,and chrononutrition are emphasized in intervention strategies.Future efforts in precision nutrition should focus on overcoming technical challenges,including thorough integration of multi-omics data and the development of intelligent decision-making systems.The goal is to move beyond generalized,"one-size-fits-all"model toward tailored,precision-based intervention.Precision nutrition will provide essential scientific and technological support for the Healthy China 2030 initiative and help usher in a new era of scientific and individualized obesity prevention and control.

Objective:To evaluate the potential value of 18×10 3 translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand ( N, N-diethy1-2-(2-(4-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy) phenyl)-5, 7-dimethylpyrazolo[1, 5-A]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide, 18F-DPA-714) PET compared with conventional MR in the detection of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), the correlation with clinical symptoms, and the monitoring of immunotherapy efficacy in patients with AE. Methods:From December 2021 to June 2024, 45 AE patients (17 males, 28 females, age (38.3±17.0) years) diagnosed at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and 10 healthy volunteers (7 males, 3 females, age (28.7±5.1) years) were enrolled in this prospective study. All participants underwent baseline 18F-DPA-714 PET/MR scans, and 23 of these AE patients underwent further follow-up 18F-DPA-714 PET/MR scans. 18F-DPA-714 PET positivity was defined as having an uptake intensity threshold higher than the mean SUV ratio (SUVR)+ 2 s of the corresponding brain region in healthy controls. MR positivity was defined as abnormal hyperintensity in a specific brain region or multiple brain regions on the T 2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR). The positive detection rates of 18F-DPA-714 PET and MR was analyzed using McNemar χ2 test, and the differences in the uptake intensity (SUVR) of 18F-DPA-714 between symptomatic and non-symptomatic groups, and between remission and non-remission groups after immunotherapy were compared using independent-sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the changing rate of SUVR and the changing of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score before and after treatment. Results:The positive detecting rate of 18F-DPA-714 PET for AE was significantly higher than that of MR (73.3%(33/45) vs 35.6%(16/45); χ2=11.56, P=0.001). The cerebellar SUVR of ataxia patients was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic patients (1.22(1.06, 1.33) vs 1.08(0.99, 1.20); Z=-2.14, P=0.034). Follow-up imaging showed that the SUVR of patients in the remission group after immunotherapy was significantly lower than that in the non-remission group ((-15.19±10.17)% vs (14.26±13.36)%; t=5.81, P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between the changing rate of SUVR and the changing of the mRS score before and after treatment ( rs=0.65, P<0.001). Conclusion:Compared with conventional MR, 18F-DPA-714 PET has a higher positive detecting rate for AE, and has the potential to reflect the clinical symptoms of AE and monitor the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with pulmonary rehabilitation on the treatment of patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods A total of 108 patients with pneumoconiosis were selected as the research subject using convenient sampling method. They were randomly divided into control group and CBT group, with 54 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional symptomatic treatment and pulmonary rehabilitation treatment for 12 weeks. While patients in the CBT group were treated with CBT treatment in addition to treatments of the control group. The therapeutic effect was analyzed. Results Before treatment, there was no statistical difference on score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to the predicted value (FEV₁%), forced expiratory volume in one second to force vital capacity ratio (FEV₁/FVC%), score of the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC), six minute walk distance (6MWD), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) subscale scores of anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D), and scores of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and serum levels of leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) between the two groups (all P>0.05). After treatment, the score of MoCA, FEV₁%, FEV₁/FVC% and 6MWD increased (all P<0.05), while the scores of mMRC, HDS-A, HDS-D, CAT and SGRQ decreased (all P<0.05), and the levels of serum leptin, IL-6 and CRP decreased (all P<0.05) in the CBT group compared with the control group. Conclusion The combined treatment of CBT and pulmonary rehabilitation can better improve the cognitive ability, respiratory function, motor function, negative emotion and quality of life, and alleviate inflammatory response in patients with pneumoconiosis. It is of certain clinical application value.

The emerging and re-emerging arthropod-borne infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global public health security. Field and laboratory studies of arthropods of medical importance are essential and critical for the prevention and control of arthropod-borne infectious diseases. Various institutions or universities in China have been conducting research in the field or laboratory study of arthropods of medical importance, but up to 2023, it is still lacking detailed biosafety guidelines or recommendations that can guide the related work for arthropods of medical importance. In order to proactively address potential biosafety issues in the field or laboratory activities related to arthropods of medical importance, improve the standardization of arthropod biosafety classification, operations, and protection, and ensure the safety of practitioners, an expert consensus on the biosafety recommendation of arthropods of medical importance in field and laboratory has been developed, aiming to guide the future work of arthropods and ensure the national biosafety and biosecurity of China.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic radial incision (ERI) for congenital membranous duodenal stenosis (MDS).Methods:The clinical data of 13 children with MDS receiving ERI in the Department of Gastroenterology of Xi'an Children's Hospital from May 2017 to December 2021 were reviewed and analyzed. The perioperative management, surgical procedures, postoperative complications and follow-up were summarized.Results:There were 5 boys and 8 girls with a median disease duration of 8 (2-20) months, and the median age of diagnosis was 13 months (5-30 months). The septum of 10 cases (10/13) was located in the descending part of the duodenum, and that of 3 cases (3/13) in the horizontal part. The papilla of 1 case (1/13) opened on the septum, that of 3 cases (3/13) within 5 cm of the mouth side of the septum, and that of 9 cases (9/13) within 5 cm of the anal side of the septum. The median diameter of the septal aperture was 3 mm (2-6 mm). All 13 children successfully underwent ERI with a median operation time of 20 min (15-32 min). The average surgical incision was 3 strokes (2-4 strokes), and the endoscope with outer diameter 9.9 mm could pass stenosis after ERI. The median incision diameter was 10 mm (10-12 mm). All patients achieved relief of clinical symptoms after ERI. One patient (1/13) suffered from the postoperative delayed bleeding, which was stopped by endoscopic titanium clamping. No intestinal perforation or duodenal papilla injury occurred, and median postoperative hospital stay was 6 days (5-10 days). The upper gastrointestinal angiogram and gastroscopy were repeated 3 months after ERI, and the median diameter of stenosis was 12 mm (10-15 mm), which was significantly dilated compared with before. The mean body weight increase at 1 month after ERI was 1.20 kg (0.50-1.80 kg), and the mean body weight increase at 3 months was 3.50 kg (2.50-4.00 kg), which reached the normal body weight of the same age.Conclusion:ERI is safe and effective for the treatment of MDS in children, and shows good clinical application and promotion value.

Objective:To analyze the features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infected with other common respiratory pathogens among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Shanghai City, and to provide a reference for scientific prevention and control of COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological approaches were used to analyze the data of COVID-19 reported cases in Shanghai City from January 2020 to February 2021 in the information system of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control. Clinical data of the participants were collected, and their SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid-positive respiratory specimens were collected at the time of illness onset or admission. Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the 22 respiratory pathogens. Independent-samples t test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Of the 272 patients with COVID-19, 15(5.5%) had co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory pathogens, all of which were double infection. There were three cases infected with enterovirus/rhinovirus, two of each with adenovirus, human metapneumovirus and coronavirus NL63/HKU1, and one of each with coronavirus 229E, influenza A virus H1N1, parainfluenza virus 1 and respiratory syncytial virus B. Two cases infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Among the 272 COVID-19 patients, 212(77.9%) had fever, 117(43.0%) had cough, 46(16.9%) had fatigue, and 35(12.9%) had sore throat. The white blood cell count of co-infection cases was higher than that of non-co-infection cases ((6.8±1.7)×10 9/L vs (5.3±1.6)×10 9/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.09, P=0.008). Conclusions:There is a certain proportion of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory pathogens among the COVID-19 cases in Shanghai City, mainly viral pathogens, especially enterovirus/rhinovirus. A rational combination of drugs was recommended to improve the cure rate. Surveillance of acute respiratory infection should be further strengthened as well.