To enhance the practical ability and job competency of full-time master of public health (MPH) postgraduates and explore a collaborative training mode that integrates medical education with a prevention-and-control approach, in line with standardized public health physician training, the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with the School of Public Health affiliated to Capital Medical University, had recruited full-time MPH postgraduates since 2015. These students were trained and assessed through a collaborative training mode based on the Beijing public health physician training mechanism. Through the introduction and analysis of the training objectives, training process, practical assessment methods, training quality, and results, this article suggests that the construction of a collaborative training mode integrating MPH postgraduate education of public health professionals and standardized public health physician training has explored a new pathway for cultivating "four-certification integration" public health professionals. This aligns with the Chinese national strategy for public health talent development and can alleviate the problems of "contradictions between work and study", including the current shortage of public health physicians at present and the difficulties in standardized training enrollment. In addition, this collaborative training mode provides valuable experience for other medical schools in training applied public health professionals who meet national public health standards and combine prevention with treatment.

To enhance the practical ability and job competency of full-time master of public health (MPH) postgraduates and explore a collaborative training mode that integrates medical education with a prevention-and-control approach, in line with standardized public health physician training, the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with the School of Public Health affiliated to Capital Medical University, had recruited full-time MPH postgraduates since 2015. These students were trained and assessed through a collaborative training mode based on the Beijing public health physician training mechanism. Through the introduction and analysis of the training objectives, training process, practical assessment methods, training quality, and results, this article suggests that the construction of a collaborative training mode integrating MPH postgraduate education of public health professionals and standardized public health physician training has explored a new pathway for cultivating "four-certification integration" public health professionals. This aligns with the Chinese national strategy for public health talent development and can alleviate the problems of "contradictions between work and study", including the current shortage of public health physicians at present and the difficulties in standardized training enrollment. In addition, this collaborative training mode provides valuable experience for other medical schools in training applied public health professionals who meet national public health standards and combine prevention with treatment.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China.Methods:Data of chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) CML patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2022 from 77 centers, ≥18 years old, and receiving initial imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib-therapy within 6 months after diagnosis in China with complete data were retrospectively interrogated. The choice of initial TKI, current TKI medications, treatment switch and reasons, treatment responses and outcomes as well as the variables associated with them were analyzed.Results:6 893 patients in CP ( n=6 453, 93.6%) or AP ( n=440, 6.4%) receiving initial imatinib ( n=4 906, 71.2%), nilotinib ( n=1 157, 16.8%), dasatinib ( n=298, 4.3%) or flumatinib ( n=532, 7.2%) -therapy. With the median follow-up of 43 ( IQR 22-75) months, 1 581 (22.9%) patients switched TKI due to resistance ( n=1 055, 15.3%), intolerance ( n=248, 3.6%), pursuit of better efficacy ( n=168, 2.4%), economic or other reasons ( n=110, 1.6%). The frequency of switching TKI in AP patients was significantly-higher than that in CP patients (44.1% vs 21.5%, P<0.001), and more AP patients switched TKI due to resistance than CP patients (75.3% vs 66.1%, P=0.011). Multi-variable analyses showed that male, lower HGB concentration and ELTS intermediate/high-risk cohort were associated with lower cytogenetic and molecular responses rate and poor outcomes in CP patients; higher WBC count and initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher response rates; Ph + ACA at diagnosis, poor PFS. However, Sokal intermediate/high-risk cohort was only significantly-associated with lower CCyR and MMR rates and the poor PFS. Lower HGB concentration and larger spleen size were significantly-associated with the lower cytogenetic and molecular response rates in AP patients; initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher treatment response rates; lower PLT count, higher blasts and Ph + ACA, poorer TFS; Ph + ACA, poorer OS. Conclusion:At present, the vast majority of newly-diagnosed CML-CP or AP patients could benefit from TKI treatment in the long term with the good treatment responses and survival outcomes.

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification serves as the internationally recognized standard for diagnosing and classifying hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors(WHO-HEAM). Since 2001, it has undergone multiple upgrades and revisions, updating, clarifying, and refining previous tumor diagnostic and classification standards while incorporating numerous new genetic and molecular biological subtypes. In 2022, two classification proposals emerged due to a wealth of clinical and scientific research results: the fifth edition of the WHO hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue classification (WHO-HAEM5), published in Leukemia journal; and the International Consensus Classification (ICC), published in Blood journal. These two schemes differ in their approach to classifying hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors, posing challenges for clinical laboratory diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To evaluate pulmonary hypertension (PH) in Chinese people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and those who had not received ART for HIV infection, and to analyze the risk factors for PH in HIV infected individuals, so as to provide evidence for the monitoring and management of cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV in China.Methods:HIV infected individuals who received long-term ART were from the NCT04463810 study cohort. In addition, using propensity score matching method, gender matched HIV infected individuals who had not received ART were selected as controls from the NCT00872417 and NCT01844297 studies. This study was a retrospective and observational clinical study. Basic data, clinical visit and cardiac Doppler ultrasonography data were collected to analyze the prevalence of PH and risk factors for PH in people living with HIV. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results:Among the 318 HIV infected individuals, 159 underwent long-term ART and 159 did not receive ART, which were divided into long-term ART group and ART-na?ve group, respectively. Among 318 HIV infected individuals, 30 cases (9.4%) experienced PH, including 23 cases (7.2%) with critical PH, six cases (1.9%) with mild PH, one case (0.3%) with moderate PH, and there was no severe PH. The prevalence of PH in the long-term ART group was 5.0%(8/159), which was lower than that in the ART-na?ve group (13.8%, 22/159). The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.21, P=0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (odds ratio ( OR)=1.064, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.019 to 1.111, P=0.016) and unsuppressed HIV status ( OR=2.660, 95% CI 1.041 to 6.797, P=0.041) were independent risk factors for PH of people living with HIV. Conclusions:The prevalence of PH in people living with HIV with long-term ART is lower than that of ART-na?ve people living with HIV. Older age and unsuppressed HIV status are independent risk factors for PH in people living with HIV. Cardiac Doppler ultrasonography is helpful for the early screening of PH in people living with HIV. ART should be actively performed to reduce the incidence of PH in people living with HIV.

Objective:To understand the current situation and problems of research design in adverse drug reaction (ADR) signal detection study in China.Methods:The literature on ADR signal detection study in SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were retrieved (up to May 30, 2022). The research purpose, research direction (target drug, target ADR), source database of signals, target drug role, reference drug, signal detection algorithm, and bias control of the literature were analyzed descriptively one by one.Results:A total of 165 articles were included, of which 146 (88.5%) were published in core journals. From 2013 to 2022 (January to May, 2022), there were 4, 3, 2, 7, 8, 11, 20, 29, 55, and 26 relevant articles, respectively. Problems in these studies were as follows: research purposes were not clear in 6.7% (11/165) of the literature; target ADRs were selected as non targeted in 80.6% (133/165) of the literature; the domestic database was less utilized [only 9.7% (16/165)]; did the selection range of the target drug role were not mentioned in 33.9% (56/165) of the literature; only a single algorithm for signal detection was used in 36.4% (60/165) of the literature; bias analysis was not conducted in 85.5% (141/165) of the literature.Conclusions:The domestic literature on ADR signal detection has problems of poor standardization in research design, such as unclear research purpose and direction, incomplete research items, etc. Chinese scholars should further improve the quality of research design while strengthening the research on ADR signal detection.

Objective:To understand the problems of data mining in adverse drug reaction (ADR)/adverse event (AE) signal detection study in China.Methods:The literature on ADR/AE signal detection study in SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were retrieved (up to May 30, 2022). The relevant content of the data mining in the literature was investiagted and evaluated from the following 4 dimensions and 9 items: (1) background data, including 1 item; (2) data preprocessing, including 4 items such as drug mapping, AE mapping, missing value processing, and data deduplication; (3) data mining algorithm (DMA), including 3 items such as DMA selection, DMA formula interpretation, and signal threshold; (4) interpretation of the results, including 1 item. According to the relevant specifications and technical requirements of data mining, the reporting/reporting error-free rate of the 4 dimensions and 9 items in the literature was taken as the overall quality evaluation index. Reporting/reporting error-free rate ≥60% was considered to be an excellent level of overall quality.Results:A total of 165 articles were included. On the background data dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rate of using all the other drug data of the entire database in the literature was 35.2% (58/165), which did not reach an excellent level. On the data preprocessing dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rates of drug mapping, AE mapping, missing value processing, and data deduplication in the literature were 22.4% (37/165), 73.9% (122/165), 10.3% (17/165), and 55.2% (91/165), respectively. The reporting/reporting error-free rate on this dimension was 40.5% (267/660), which did not reach the excellent level, only the rate of AE mapping reached the excellent level. On the DMA dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rates of ≥2 DMA, DMA formula interpretation, and signal threshold in the literature were 63.6% (105/165), 78.2% (129/165), and 87.9% (145/165), respectively. The reporting/reporting error-free rate on this dimension was 76.6% (379/495), which reached an excellent level. The reporting/reporting error-free rate was 87.4% (144/165), reaching an excellent level. The signals were interpreted as "positive" or "negative" signals in 7 articles, and the meaning of signals were interpreted as causality in 14 articles. The overall reporting/reporting error-free rate in the 165 literature, analyzed from 9 items on 4 dimensions, was 57.1% (848/1 485), which did not reach the excellent level.Conclusion:The main problems in the domestic literature of ADR/AE signal detection study are the incomplete selection of background data and the lack of data preprocessing, suggesting that the further relevant studies in China should be improved on above 2 dimensions for better quality of ADR/AE signal detection research.

Objective:To understand the current situation and problems of research design in adverse drug reaction (ADR) signal detection study in China.Methods:The literature on ADR signal detection study in SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were retrieved (up to May 30, 2022). The research purpose, research direction (target drug, target ADR), source database of signals, target drug role, reference drug, signal detection algorithm, and bias control of the literature were analyzed descriptively one by one.Results:A total of 165 articles were included, of which 146 (88.5%) were published in core journals. From 2013 to 2022 (January to May, 2022), there were 4, 3, 2, 7, 8, 11, 20, 29, 55, and 26 relevant articles, respectively. Problems in these studies were as follows: research purposes were not clear in 6.7% (11/165) of the literature; target ADRs were selected as non targeted in 80.6% (133/165) of the literature; the domestic database was less utilized [only 9.7% (16/165)]; did the selection range of the target drug role were not mentioned in 33.9% (56/165) of the literature; only a single algorithm for signal detection was used in 36.4% (60/165) of the literature; bias analysis was not conducted in 85.5% (141/165) of the literature.Conclusions:The domestic literature on ADR signal detection has problems of poor standardization in research design, such as unclear research purpose and direction, incomplete research items, etc. Chinese scholars should further improve the quality of research design while strengthening the research on ADR signal detection.

Objective:To understand the problems of data mining in adverse drug reaction (ADR)/adverse event (AE) signal detection study in China.Methods:The literature on ADR/AE signal detection study in SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were retrieved (up to May 30, 2022). The relevant content of the data mining in the literature was investiagted and evaluated from the following 4 dimensions and 9 items: (1) background data, including 1 item; (2) data preprocessing, including 4 items such as drug mapping, AE mapping, missing value processing, and data deduplication; (3) data mining algorithm (DMA), including 3 items such as DMA selection, DMA formula interpretation, and signal threshold; (4) interpretation of the results, including 1 item. According to the relevant specifications and technical requirements of data mining, the reporting/reporting error-free rate of the 4 dimensions and 9 items in the literature was taken as the overall quality evaluation index. Reporting/reporting error-free rate ≥60% was considered to be an excellent level of overall quality.Results:A total of 165 articles were included. On the background data dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rate of using all the other drug data of the entire database in the literature was 35.2% (58/165), which did not reach an excellent level. On the data preprocessing dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rates of drug mapping, AE mapping, missing value processing, and data deduplication in the literature were 22.4% (37/165), 73.9% (122/165), 10.3% (17/165), and 55.2% (91/165), respectively. The reporting/reporting error-free rate on this dimension was 40.5% (267/660), which did not reach the excellent level, only the rate of AE mapping reached the excellent level. On the DMA dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rates of ≥2 DMA, DMA formula interpretation, and signal threshold in the literature were 63.6% (105/165), 78.2% (129/165), and 87.9% (145/165), respectively. The reporting/reporting error-free rate on this dimension was 76.6% (379/495), which reached an excellent level. The reporting/reporting error-free rate was 87.4% (144/165), reaching an excellent level. The signals were interpreted as "positive" or "negative" signals in 7 articles, and the meaning of signals were interpreted as causality in 14 articles. The overall reporting/reporting error-free rate in the 165 literature, analyzed from 9 items on 4 dimensions, was 57.1% (848/1 485), which did not reach the excellent level.Conclusion:The main problems in the domestic literature of ADR/AE signal detection study are the incomplete selection of background data and the lack of data preprocessing, suggesting that the further relevant studies in China should be improved on above 2 dimensions for better quality of ADR/AE signal detection research.