ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of a cluster of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection in a kindergarten in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City in May 2024, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of similar outbreaks. MethodsAn on-site investigation was conducted using an epidemiological case investigation form. Throat swab specimens collected from cases were screened for 13 respiratory pathogens using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For HMPV nucleic acid positive specimens, the F gene of HMPV was used as the target gene for amplification and sequencing. The sequencing results were then compared with sequences in GenBank database to determine the virus subtypes and perform phylogenetic analyses. ResultsThe outbreak occurred in a kindergarter junior class with a total of 28 preschoolers and 3 teachers and childcare workers. A total of 11 cases (10 preschoolers and 1 teacher) were identified, including 8 male cases and 3 female cases. Clinical manifestations included fever in all 11 cases (100.00%), cough in 8 cases (72.72%), catarrhal symptoms in 4 cases (36.36%), and headache in 3 cases (27.27%). All symptoms were mild, and no severe cases were observed. A total of 11 throat swab samples were collected. Real-time fluorescent PCR test results showed that 3 samples were positive for HMPV nucleic acid, 2 samples were positive for both HMPV and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 1 sample was positive for both HMPV and rhinovirus. The sequences of the 6 HMPV nucleic acid positive specimens were amplified and analyzed using specific primers, and all were determined to be HMPV subtype A2b. The F gene fragment sequence showed the highest similarity to PV081665.1/Brazil/2024 (99.65%), and also exhibited high similarity to PP683455.1/Indonesia/2021 (99.48%), PV016275.1/Beijing/2024 (99.31%), and PV052230.1/USA/2024 (99.13%). ConclusionThis cluster of acute respiratory tract infection was caused by HMPV subtype A2b, with co-infection of rhinovirus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The F gene fragment sequences of the HMPV in this outbreak were highly homologous to those of the A2b strains isolated from Brazil, Beijing, Indonesia, and the the United States.

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of dry eye symptoms among computer professionals in different climate zones and to identify the risk factors associated with dry eye disease.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing questionnaires from December 2023 to January 2024 to computer professionals in six prefecture-level cities located in three distinct climate zones. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between environmental factors and the severity of dry eye disease. Environmental factors, including meteorological parameters and air pollutant concentrations, were obtained from the National Meteorological Information Center and the China Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform, respectively. The annual mean values of environmental parameters served as independent variables, while the participants' Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)scores were used as the dependent variable in the regression analysis.RESULTS:A total of 364 male participants aged 18-50 y were enrolled in this study. Among them, 80 participants presented with dry eye symptoms, corresponding to a detection rate of 22.0%.There was a significant difference in the detection rate of dry eye symptoms across different regions(P<0.05). Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors: daily eye use time(P<0.001, OR=1.669), relative humidity(P=0.047,OR=1.237), NO2 concentration(P=0.042, OR=1.283), PM2.5 concentration(P=0.006,OR=1.485), and CO concentration(P=0.018, OR=1.388). Temperature was found to be a protective factor(P=0.003, OR=0.701).CONCLUSION: Meteorological conditions and air quality significantly influence the occurrence of dry eye symptoms in male computer professionals. Prevention and treatment strategies for dry eye diseases should be tailored to the environmental characteristics of different regions to protect the ocular surface health of this occupational group.

As a commonly used clinical herb, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus is renowned for its effects in nourishing the liver and kidneys, improving vision, and darkening hair. Its preparation originated from the "steaming on rice" method in the Song Dynasty. After centuries of inheritance and development, it has evolved into the diverse processing techniques used today. Ancient methods primarily included cleaning, cutting, soaking, honey-roasting, and steaming, while baking-though documented-was not a mainstream practice. Modern techniques have inherited traditional approaches such as cleaning, steaming, and roasting, while diversifying into specifications like wine-steaming, wine-stewing, plain steaming, vinegar-steaming, salt-roasting, and ultra-fine granules. However, variations in critical parameters, such as auxiliary material ratios and steaming duration across regions, have led to inconsistencies in the quality of processed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. Notably, region-specific methods warrant further exploration, as they may embody unique processing principles and advantages with potential value for enhancing efficacy and quality. By systematically reviewing the historical evolution and regional variations of processing techniques for Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, key issues such as inconsistent processing parameters were identified, which provided a reference for the standardization of processing procedures and the improvement of quality standards.

The herb pair Hedysari Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix is a classic combination embodying the theory of replenishing Qi and tonifying blood in traditional Chinese medicine. The two herbs are often used together to achieve the effects of replenishing Qi， tonifying blood， activating blood， and unblocking collaterals. Clinically， this herb pair is widely applied in the treatment of blood deficiency syndrome and hematopoietic dysfunction disorders such as myelosuppression induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Modern research indicates that Hedysari Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix and their active components can synergistically promote hematopoiesis through multiple targets and pathways. At the cellular level， the active components directly activate hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） and hematopoietic progenitor cells （HPCs）， promoting their proliferation and differentiation， while simultaneously stimulating the production and release of peripheral blood cells. Regarding molecular regulation， this herb pair can regulate the expression of various hematopoietic-related cytokines， such as stem cell factor and erythropoietin. Additionally， it modulates key signaling pathways， including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） and Wnt/β-catenin， providing signal support for the hematopoietic process. Furthermore， Hedysari Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix can improve the hematopoietic microenvironment， protect bone marrow stromal cells， and eliminate free radicals through antioxidant effects， thereby reducing damage to hematopoietic cells. Furthermore， this herb pair regulates apoptosis-related proteins to inhibit excessive apoptosis of hematopoietic cells and increase their survival rate. Its material basis primarily includes active components such as Hedysarum polybotrys polysacchcrides and flavonoids， as well as Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and ferulic acid， which synergistically contribute to its hematopoietic-promoting effects. By elaborating on the active components and mechanisms of Hedysari Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix in promoting hematopoiesis， this paper aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying their hematopoietic effects and provide a reference for further research and clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA non-coding RNA-activated by DNA damage(LncRNA NORAD)on macrophage apoptosis induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection via sponging microRNA-20a-5p(miR-20a-5p).Methods Healthy subjects(n=50)who came for health checkup,patients with active tuberculosis(n=50)and individuals with asymptomatic M.tuberculosis infection(n=50)were enrolled from Hebei Chest Hospital from March 2022 to April 2023.Venous blood samples were collected to prepare serum samples.The expression levels of LncRNA NORAD,miR-20a-5p,and inflammatory factors in the serum were measured.Human monocyte line THP-1 was induced to differentiate into macrophages and assigned into Control group,Model group,transfection of NORAD empty vector group(sh-NC group),transfection of sh-NORAD vector group(sh-NORAD group),co-transfection of sh-NORAD and miR-20a-5p inhibitor empty vector group(sh-NORAD+miR-20a-5p inhibitor NC group),co-transfection of sh-NORAD and miR-20a-5p inhibitor vector group(sh-NORAD+miR-20a-5p inhibitor group),transfection of miR-20a-5p empty vector group(miR-NC group),and transfection of miR-20a-5p vector group(miR-20a-5p mimics group).The expression levels of LncRNA NORAD and miR-20a-5p(qRT PCR method),cell proliferation ability(CCK-8 kit method),cell apoptosis(flow cytometry method),inflammatory factor levels(ELISA method),and protein expression levels of BCL2-Associated X(Bax),B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),and cleaved caspase 3 in cells were detected.The targeted relationship between LncRNA NORAD and miR-20a-5p was validated.Results Compared with healthy subjects,the patients with active tuberculosis and asymptomatic M.tuberculosis infection had significantly higher serum levels of inflammatory factors and expression of LncRNA NORAD,and significantly lower miR-20a-5p.Compared with Control group,Model group had significantly higher LncRNA NORAD level,cell proliferation ability,Bcl-2 protein expression,and inflammatory factor levels,but significantly lower miR-20a-5p level,apoptosis rate,and Bax and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression(P＜0.05).Compared with the sh-NC group,the sh-NORAD group had significantly lower LncRNA NORAD level,Bcl-2 protein expression,inflammatory factor levels,and cell proliferation ability,but significantly higher miR-20a-5p level,apoptosis rate,and Bax and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression(P＜0.05).Compared with the sh-NORAD+miR-20a-5p inhibitor NC group,the sh-NORAD+miR-20a-5p inhibitor group had significantly higher inflammatory factor levels,Bcl-2 protein expression,and cell proliferation ability,but significantly lower miR-20a-5p level,apoptosis rate,and Bax and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression(P＜0.05).Compared with the miR-NC group,the miR-20a-5p mimics group had significantly increased inflammatory cytokines and proliferation ability,and significantly reduced apoptosis rate(P＜0.05).The targeted relationship between LncRNA NORAD and miR-20a-5p was further confirmed through experiments.Conclusions LncRNA NORAD is overexpressed in macrophages induced by M.tuberculosis.Silencing the expression of LncRNA NORAD can target the downregulation of miR-20a-5p expression,thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response of macrophages induced by M.tuberculosis and promoting cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE To identify Bupleurum chinense pieces and its counterfeits based on the characteristic chromatogram and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology.METHODS Thin layer chromatography was used to identify Bupleurum chinense and its counterfeits collected from different origins and different producing areas.Then,the chemical constituents of Bupleurum chinense and its counter-feits were compared according to the established HPLC characteristic chromatogram,and the representative differential markers of Bup-leurum chinense counterfeits were further identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology.RESULTS Thin layer chromatography showed that different original Bupleurum chinense pieces had saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D,which could be distinguished according to the intensity and position of fluorescent spots.There were 14 and 16 common peaks in the specific chromatogram of Bupleurum chinense and its vinegar-processed products respectively,and 6 components were identified.The chemical components of Bupleurum chinense pieces from different producing areas were similar,and the established method could better reflect the characteristics of Bupleurum chinense.Further comparison of the specific chromatogram of Bupleurum chinense and its counterfeits showed that the composition of B.marginatum Wall.was close to that of the authentic Bupleurum chinense.,B.bicaule Helm and B.longiradiatum Turcz.had their own characteristic peaks with high response values.The content of saponins in B.marginatum var.stenophyllum was significantly high-er.A total of 69 Bupleurum compounds were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS mainly triterpenoid saponins,followed by flavonoids,a few chromones,phenylpropanoids and alkynes.The results of cluster analysis showed that the interspecific differences of Bupleurum chinense were obvious,and different Bupleurum counterfeits had representative differential markers.CONCLUSION The established characteristic chromatogram and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method can be used for the chemical identification of Bupleurum chinense and its counterfeits,which provide a basis for the comprehensive and rational development and utilization of Bupleurum resources.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the deepening of cell death research,necroptosis has gradually become a hot and difficult topic in academic research.Its various signaling pathways and proteins play an important role in the occurrence and development of periodontitis. People try to delay the process of periodontal tissue inflammation by preventing the occurrence of necroptosis. OBJECTIVE:To provide a review on the molecular mechanism of necroptosis and its correlation with periodontitis in the hope of providing new ideas and directions for the prevention,diagnosis,treatment and evaluation of periodontitis. METHODS:The first author searched PubMed,CNKI,and other databases in October 2023 for relevant literature published up to April 2024 with the search terms of "necroptosis,programmed cell death,periodontitis,periodontal,immunity,inflammation,receptor interacting protein kinase 1,receptor interacting protein kinase 3,mixed lineage kinase domain-like" in Chinese and "necroptosis,programmed cell death,periodontitis,periodontal,immunity,inflammation,RIP1,RIP3,MLKL" in English,respectively. The titles and abstracts of each document were read for preliminary screening,and 56 documents were finally selected for generalization and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The main pathogenesis of periodontitis is that periodontal pathogenic bacteria stimulate the organism,leading to changes in the periodontal microenvironment,breaking the original immune balance and releasing a variety of inflammatory factors,triggering an inflammatory response resulting in destruction of periodontal tissues. Necroptosis can modulate the immuno-inflammation in periodontal tissues,thus affecting the development of periodontitis. (2) The occurrence of necroptosis is related to a variety of proteins,signaling pathways,and signaling molecules. Animal experiments have confirmed that the expression of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (pMLKL) is related to the degree of inflammation,and RIP3 and pMLKL are highly expressed in the periodontal tissues of mice suffering from periodontitis. Blocking the RIP3/MLKL pathway is conducive to the reduction of inflammation in periodontal tissues and the control of periodontitis progression. (3) To explore whether pMLKL can be used as a diagnostic indicator of periodontitis is of great value in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.

Objective:To explore the current status and factors influencing physical activity among pre-frail and frail older adults in the community.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 207 pre-frail and frail older adults from Donghuashi community and Fangzhuang community in Beijing from April to June 2024 as study subjects. Older adults were surveyed for their general information, lifestyle behaviors, nutritional status, and physical activity. Binary Logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing the level of physical activity among pre-frail and frail older adults in the community.Results:A total of 207 questionnaires were distributed and 204 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 98.55%. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score of the 204 community-based pre-frail and frail older adults was 86.87 (52.14, 125.00), and the form of activity was predominantly walking (98.5%, 201/204) and light domestic physical activity (85.8%, 175/204). Binary Logistic regression showed that taking a nap ( OR=3.614), abnormal nighttime sleep duration ( OR=4.077), fear of falling before or during exercise ( OR=7.895), and risk of malnutrition ( OR=9.263) were risk factors for levels of physical activity in pre-frail and frail older adults in the community ( P<0.05), and good exercise cognition ( OR=0.055) was a protective factor for physical activity levels ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Pre-frail and frail older adults in the community have low levels of physical activity, which is dominated by walking and household activities. Community healthcare workers should strengthen the management of physical activity for pre-frail and frail older adults, cultivate their good living habits, improve their sleep quality, ensure sufficient night sleep, help them overcome the fear of falling before or during exercise, set up the correct concept of exercise, form a good cognition of exercise, and guide their family members to pay attention to the nutritional status of older adults, beware of the risk of malnutrition, and improve the level of physical activity to delay or even reverse the frail state.

With the increasing aging of the population in China,the problem of cognitive decline with age is becoming more prominent,and how to move forward to maintain and improve cognitive function in older adults has become an important research topic.Active participation in social activities has a protective effect on cognitive function in older adults.This paper summarizes the concepts of social activities,relationships with cognitive function,and strategies for promoting interventions.The corresponding nursing inspirations were proposed,aiming to provide new perspectives for improving cognitive function in older adults.

Objective To assess the potential role of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in pan-cancer on prognosis and immunity on the basis of bioinformatics approaches. Methods Pan-cancer RNA-seq data, mutation profiles, clinical information, TMB, MSI, stemness scores, and tumor and immune microenvironment data contained in TCGA and various open-source online databases, and multi-group R-language algorithms were used for comprehensive analysis. The expression levels of DRGs at the cellular level were experimentally validated using qPCR. Results LRPPRC, NCKAP1, NDUFS1, and NUBPL had a better prognosis in renal clear cell carcinoma (P<0.001), whereas SLC7A11, NCKAP1, and SLC3A2 had a worse prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (P<0.001). TME analysis showed that LRPPRC was negatively correlated with immune cells, stromal cells, and estimated scores in all tumor types. TMB analysis revealed the potential research value of DRGs for PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in pan-cancer. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that SLC7A11 (r=0.454), SLC3A2 (r=0.366), and NCKAP1 (r=0.455) were significantly associated with Kahalide F (P<0.01). Experimental validation demonstrated the overall higher expression levels of GYS1 and NCKAP1 than normal cells in lung adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion Pan-cancer analysis of DRGs indicates that DRGs may serve as important biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of renal clear-cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.