Objective:To explore the current status of cognitive function of the older adults in Beijing,and to analyze the factors affecting their cognitive function.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study.A questionnaire survy was conducted in 2023 among the older adults in Beijing.The cognitive function of the older adults was assessed with the Hong Kong brief cognitive test(HKBC)scale,a simple cognitive assessment tool.Using SPSS 27.0 to perform the descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analy-sis of factors,which affect cognitive function among the older adults.Results:Totally 349 older adults were recruited,with the highest percentage of respondents aged 60-69 years(41.3％),of whom 58.7％were female,88.0％of the respondents had a junior high school or above education level.Most of the older adults(68.8％)worked 35-48 h/week before they retired,and 14.0％of the older adults had a family history of dementia.After controlling age and gender,the linear regression analysis showed that marital status married(β=0.501,95％CI:0.144-0.859)and 3-4 times physical activity per week(β=0.617,95％CI:0.087-1.148)were protective factors of cognitive function in the older adults,and depressive symptoms were a risk factor(β=-0.723,95％CI:-1.198 to-0.247)of cognitive function for the older adults.Conclusion:In this study,the factors influencing cognitive function among the older adults was analyzed based on a life-cycle perspective.Lack of physical activity and depressive symptoms were risk factors for cognitive function among the older adults.It was suggested that strengthening physical activity,improving mental health of the older adults,as well as conducting preventive intervention in early stages of the life-cycle will be benefit for preventing and slowing cognitive decline in the older adults.

Cartilage is solid connective tissue that recovers slowly from injury, and pain and dysfunction from cartilage damage affect many people. The treatment of cartilage injury is clinically challenging and there is no optimal solution, which is a hot research topic at present. With the rapid development of 3D printing technology in recent years, 3D bioprinting can better mimic the complex microstructure of cartilage tissue and thus enabling the anatomy and functional regeneration of damaged cartilage. This article reviews the methods of 3D printing used to mimic cartilage structures, the selection of cells and biological factors, and the development of bioinks and advances in scaffold structures, with an emphasis on how 3D printing structure provides bioactive cargos in each stage to enhance the effect. Finally, clinical applications and future development of simulated cartilage printing are introduced, which are expected to provide new insights into this field and guide other researchers who are engaged in cartilage repair.

Cartilage is solid connective tissue that recovers slowly from injury,and pain and dysfunction from cartilage damage affect many people.The treatment of cartilage injury is clinically challenging and there is no optimal solution,which is a hot research topic at present.With the rapid development of 3D printing technology in recent years,3D bioprinting can better mimic the complex microstructure of cartilage tissue and thus enabling the anatomy and functional regeneration of damaged cartilage.This article reviews the methods of 3D printing used to mimic cartilage structures,the selection of cells and biological factors,and the development of bioinks and advances in scaffold structures,with an emphasis on how 3D printing structure provides bioactive cargos in each stage to enhance the effect.Finally,clinical applications and future development of simulated cartilage printing are introduced,which are expected to provide new insights into this field and guide other researchers who are engaged in cartilage repair.

To observe and evaluate the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation instrument for sleep disorder at high altitude plateau. Methods The patients with high altitude sleep disorder in the group were randomly divided into control group （n=30）and observation group （n=27）. The observation group received percutaneous vagal stimulation，and the control group received pseudo stimulation intervention for two weeks，five times a week. Before and after treatment，the two groups were measured with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） and Beck Depression Inventory （BDI），Generalized Anxiety Disorder （GAD-7） were evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in PSQI，BDI-21 and GAD-7 scores between the two groups before treatment （P> 0.05）；After two weeks of treatment，the total scores of PSQI and BDI-21 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P< 0.01），and the improvement of PSQI and BDI-21 scores in the observation group was higher than that in the control group，but there was no significant difference in GAD-7 scores between the two groups before and after treatment（P> 0.05）. Conclusion Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation can effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with high altitude sleep disorders and reduce the level of depression. However，the intervention cycle of this trial is short and there is a lack of polysomnography indicators. It is still necessary to carry out long-term，large sample and multi-index trials to provide basis for clinical promotion.

Background: and Purpose The rate of donepezil discontinuation and the underlying reasons for discontinuation in Asian patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are currently unknown. We aimed to determine the treatment discontinuation rates in AD patients who had newly been prescribed donepezil in routine clinical practice in Asia. Methods: This 1-year observational study involved 38 institutions in seven Asian countries, and it evaluated 398 participants aged 50–90 years with a diagnosis of probable AD and on newly prescribed donepezil monotherapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of donepezil discontinuation over 1 year. Secondary endpoints included the reason for discontinuation,treatment duration, changes in cognitive function over the 1-year study period, and compliance as assessed using a clinician rating scale (CRS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Donepezil was discontinued in 83 (20.9%) patients, most commonly due to an adverse event (43.4%). The mean treatment duration was 103.67 days in patients who discontinued. Among patients whose cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 1 year, there were no significant changes in scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Trail-Making Test–Black and White scores, whereas the Clinical Dementia Rating score increased significantly (p<0.001). Treatment compliance at 1 year was 96.8% (306/316) on the CRS and 92.6±14.1% (mean±standard deviation) on the VAS. Conclusions In patients on newly prescribed donepezil, the primary reason for discontinuation was an adverse event. Cognitive assessments revealed no significant worsening at 1 year, indicating that continuous donepezil treatment contributes to the maintenance of cognitive function.

Background: and Purpose The rate of donepezil discontinuation and the underlying reasons for discontinuation in Asian patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are currently unknown. We aimed to determine the treatment discontinuation rates in AD patients who had newly been prescribed donepezil in routine clinical practice in Asia. Methods: This 1-year observational study involved 38 institutions in seven Asian countries, and it evaluated 398 participants aged 50–90 years with a diagnosis of probable AD and on newly prescribed donepezil monotherapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of donepezil discontinuation over 1 year. Secondary endpoints included the reason for discontinuation,treatment duration, changes in cognitive function over the 1-year study period, and compliance as assessed using a clinician rating scale (CRS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Donepezil was discontinued in 83 (20.9%) patients, most commonly due to an adverse event (43.4%). The mean treatment duration was 103.67 days in patients who discontinued. Among patients whose cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 1 year, there were no significant changes in scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Trail-Making Test–Black and White scores, whereas the Clinical Dementia Rating score increased significantly (p<0.001). Treatment compliance at 1 year was 96.8% (306/316) on the CRS and 92.6±14.1% (mean±standard deviation) on the VAS. Conclusions In patients on newly prescribed donepezil, the primary reason for discontinuation was an adverse event. Cognitive assessments revealed no significant worsening at 1 year, indicating that continuous donepezil treatment contributes to the maintenance of cognitive function.

Objective:To compare the pathological results and complications of limited and extended pelvic lymph node dissection among high-risk prostate cancer patients, and to explore the risk factors that affect the rate of lymph node metastasis in high-risk prostate cancer patients.Methods:The data of 800 high-risk prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection from January 2016 to December 2020 in three affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed retrospectively. According to the scope of pelvic lymph node dissection, they were divided into limited pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) group and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (EPLND) group. There were 172 patients underwent LPLND, and 628 patients underwent EPLND.The age of the patients in the LPLND group was 67 (62, 72) years old, diagnosed PSA 20.7 (10.9, 54.8) ng/ml. The biopsy Gleason score 6 in 22 cases, 7 in 59 cases, 8 in 56 cases and 9-10 in 35 cases.The clinical T stage: T 1 in 29 cases, T 2 in 102 cases, T 3 in 37 cases, T 4 in 4 cases; N 0 in 160 cases and N 1 in 12 cases. 50 patients received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. The age of patients in the EPLND group was 67 (63, 72) years old, diagnosed PSA was 23.9 (14.0, 46.8) ng/ml. Biopsy Gleason Score 6 in 51 cases, 7 in 194 cases, 8 in 218 cases and 9-10 in 165 cases. Clinical T stage: T 1 in 114 cases, T 2 in 341 cases, T 3 in 144 cases, T 4 in 29 cases; N 0 in 526 cases and N 1 in 102 cases.158 patients received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. There were no significant differences in the age, PSA, puncture Gleason score, clinical T stage, and whether or not to receive neoadjuvant hormonal therapy between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05). The difference in clinical N staging was statistically significant ( P=0.002). The number of postoperative lymph nodes, positive pelvic lymph nodes and postoperative complications and other related clinical and pathological data of the two groups were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of patients with positive lymph nodes. Results:The median number of lymph nodes harvested [13(8, 19)vs. 6(4, 13), P<0.001] and the rate of positive lymph node cases[31.2%(196/628) vs. 10.5%(18/172), P<0.001] in the EPLND group was significantly higher than those in the LPLND group. Preoperative PSA, clinical N staging, Gleason score, and way of lymph node dissection were independent risk factors for postoperative positive pelvic lymph node in high-risk prostate cancer patients. Compared with the LPLND group, the ELPND group had a higher postoperative complication rate [19.9%(125/628) vs. 11.0%(11/172), P=0.007]. Conclusions:Compared with the LPLND, EPLND in high-risk prostate cancer patients can harvest more lymph nodes and increase the detection rate of positive lymph nodes. The complications of EPLND were higher than those of LPLND. Preoperative PSA, clinical N stage, Gleason score, and the way of lymph node dissection are independent risk factors for positive pelvic lymph node dissection.

Objective:To study the changes and significance of Th17 and Treg cells as well as their associated cytokines in pe-ripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis in order to investigate their role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis C cirrhosis. Methods:Flow cytometry and ELSIA assay were used to detect the expression ratio of Th17 and Treg cells and the serum levels of IL-10,TGF-β,IL-6 and IL-17 in peripheral blood of healthy human and patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis C cirrhosis. Than we analyzed the differences of the above detection index between the healthy and patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis C cirrhosis. Results:The expression ratio of Th17 cells (1. 33%±0. 30%) in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis C and IL-6[(8. 10±2. 42)ng/L] and IL-17[(16. 70±4. 73)ng/L] serum levels were significantly higher than those in the healthy (Th17:1. 14%±0. 19%) and IL-6[(1. 72±6. 70)ng/L],IL-17[(12. 29±1. 88)ng/L],P<0. 05;The expression ratio of Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis C patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy (6. 21%±0. 76%,5. 89%±0. 85% vs 5. 51%±0. 59% ),P<0. 05,The ratio of Th17/Treg in patients with cirrhosis was significantly lower than that in patients with chronic hepatitis C and the healthy(0. 19±0. 02 vs 0. 22±0. 03,0. 21±0. 03),P<0. 05;the levels of IL-1[(16. 21±3. 76)ng/L] and TGF-β[(5. 15±0. 83)ng/L] in peripheral blood of patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis were significantly higher than those in chronic hepatitis C[(14. 36±2. 78)ng/L;(4. 47±0. 87)ng/L] and the healthy[(14. 01±3. 01)ng/L;(4. 43±0. 98)ng/L)],P<0. 05. Conclusion:Th17 and Treg cells and their related cytokines involved in the process of chronicity of hepatitis C and cirrhosis,Th17 and Treg cells and their related cytokines in the treatment and prevention of chronicity of hepatitis C and cirrhosis may have important significance.

Objective To understand the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and to compare the geographical distribution for the early prevention and treatment of disease,and to provide the reference basis for the establishment of related policies.Method Systematical search method and inclusion criterion were made and relative English and Chinese database such as China biology medicine disc (CBMdisc),China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI),VIP database (VIP),WanFang,Pubmed,excerpta medica database (EMBASE),the cochrane library were searched.Tailored quality evaluation standard of epidemiological research was used to evaluate study quality for each included study.I2 was used to measure the heterogeneity between studies,and relevant model of meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were carried out to merger and analyze data.Subgroup analysis was used to explore heterogeneity.Results Overall,in the present 40 relevant articles were included.The quality assessment was good (median score was 15).Meta-analyses were conducted for 40 cross-sectional studies investigating the prevalence of MCI,the pooled prevalence of MCI was 14.5％ (95％CI 12.8％-16.2％).Subgroup results showed that in recent years,the prevalence rate has been gradually increased over time.There was a higher prevalence in those who were older.The prevalence rate of female were higher than that of male(16.0％(95％CI 14.2％-17.9％) vs.12.6％(95％CI 10.8％-14.4％)),rural were higher than that of urban (18.2％(95％CI 14.2％-22.1％) vs.13.6％ (95％ CI 11.9％-15.3％)).Prevalence was decreased while cultural level rising,and that of single (including single,divorce or live alone) elderly was higher than married people.Conclusion MCI in China have a high prevalence.Over the past decade,the prevalence and incidence of MCI were significantly affected by age,gender,education level,marital status,place of residence and other factors.

Objective To understand the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and to compare the geographical distribution for the early prevention and treatment of disease,and to provide the reference basis for the establishment of related policies.Method Systematical search method and inclusion criterion were made and relative English and Chinese database such as China biology medicine disc (CBMdisc),China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI),VIP database (VIP),WanFang,Pubmed,excerpta medica database (EMBASE),the cochrane library were searched.Tailored quality evaluation standard of epidemiological research was used to evaluate study quality for each included study.I2 was used to measure the heterogeneity between studies,and relevant model of meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were carried out to merger and analyze data.Subgroup analysis was used to explore heterogeneity.Results Overall,in the present 40 relevant articles were included.The quality assessment was good (median score was 15).Meta-analyses were conducted for 40 cross-sectional studies investigating the prevalence of MCI,the pooled prevalence of MCI was 14.5％ (95％CI 12.8％-16.2％).Subgroup results showed that in recent years,the prevalence rate has been gradually increased over time.There was a higher prevalence in those who were older.The prevalence rate of female were higher than that of male(16.0％(95％CI 14.2％-17.9％) vs.12.6％(95％CI 10.8％-14.4％)),rural were higher than that of urban (18.2％(95％CI 14.2％-22.1％) vs.13.6％ (95％ CI 11.9％-15.3％)).Prevalence was decreased while cultural level rising,and that of single (including single,divorce or live alone) elderly was higher than married people.Conclusion MCI in China have a high prevalence.Over the past decade,the prevalence and incidence of MCI were significantly affected by age,gender,education level,marital status,place of residence and other factors.