Objective:To observe the rehabilitation effect of balance training relying on tilted table on diaphragmatic function of patients with prolonged disorder of consciousness (pDoC).Methods:A prospective study was performed. Thirty patients with pDoC were enrolled from Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine and Rehabilitation, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA from May to December 2023. The pateints were divided into study group ( n=15) and control group ( n=15) according to different rehabilitation. Patients from the control group received conventional rehabilitation, while those in the study group received passive balance training relying on tilted table in addition to conventional rehabilitation. Diaphragmatic ultrasound examination was performed before treatment, and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment to measure diaphragm excursion (DE), diaphragm thickening inspiration (DTei), diaphragm thickening expiration (DTee) and diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) so as to assess the diaphragmatic functions of patients with pDoC. Results:During treatment, 2 patients dropped out from the study group resulting from the willing of the family members, ultimately including 13 and 15 patients in the study and control groups, respectively. (1) Between-group comparison: no significant difference in DE, DTei, DTee or DTF was noted between the study group and control group 4 weeks after treatment ( P>0.05). However, 8 weeks after treatment, the study group had statistically increased DE, DTei and DTF compared with the control group ([1.65±0.32] cm vs. [1.21±0.22] cm; [2.07±0.26] cm vs. [1.83±0.26] cm; and [24.39±3.19]% vs. [18.93±2.50]%). (2) Within-group comparison: both group had significantly increased DE 4 and 8 weeks after treatment compared with those before treatment ( P<0.05); in the study group, DE 8 weeks after treatment was significantly increased compared with that 4 weeks after treatment ( P<0.05). No significant difference in DTei, DTee or DTF was noted in both groups between 4 weeks after treatment and before treatment ( P>0.05). In the study group, DTei, DTee and DTF 8 weeks after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Balance training relying on tilted table is feasible and effective in improving diaphragmatic function in patients with pDoC, and the effect is positively correlated with treatment time within a certain time.

Objective:To investigate whether silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) activation can relieve paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting mitochondrial damage in dorsal root ganglion neurons.Methods:Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into solvent control group, paclitaxel group, paclitaxel+SIRT1 inhibitor group and paclitaxel+SIRT1 agonist group ( n=12). Neuropathic pain model in the later 3 groups was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel at 8 mg/kg on the 1 st, 4 th and 7 th d of experiment, respectively; rats in the paclitaxel+SIRT1 inhibitor group and paclitaxel+SIRT1 agonist group were respectively injected with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 or agonist SRT1720 30 min before the first injection of paclitaxel. In addition, neuropathic pain model was established in 12 rats (model group) by the same method and SIRT1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion tissues was detected by Western blotting 1 d before experiment and on the 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th d of experiment, respectively. Von-Frey filament was used to detect the 50% paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT), and thermal radiation thermal pain detector was used to evaluate the paw withdraw thermal latency (PWTL) 1 d before experiment and on the 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th d of experiment. On the 7 th d of experiment, 6 rats in each group were sacrificed with excessive anesthesia after PWMT and PWTL detection; L 4-L 6 dorsal root ganglion tissues were rapidly isolated and primary neurons were cultured; Western blotting was used to detect SIRT1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion tissues, JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (ratio of orange-red fluorescence to green fluorescence), hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) detection kit was used to detect H 2O 2 concentration, and mitochondrial superoxide detection kit and mitochondrial green fluorescence probe kit were used to detect mitochondrial superoxide expression. Results:In the model group, SIRT1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion tissues one d before experiment was significantly decreased compared with that on the 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th d of the experiment ( P<0.05). On 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th d of experiment, compared with the solvent control group, the paclitaxel group had significantly decreased 50% PWMT ([6.37±2.27] g, [5.47±2.42] g and [5.34±1.74] g), and PWTL ([9.38±1.27] s, [9.70±1.97] s and [9.12±1.21] s, P<0.05); compared with the paclitaxel group, the paclitaxel+SIRT1 agonist group had significantly increased 50% PWMT ([13.86±3.72] g, [11.87±3.10] g and [12.39±2.94] g) and PWTL ([14.25±2.63] s, [13.29±2.94] s and [14.43±3.91] s), and the paclitaxel+SIRT1 inhibitor group had significantly decreased 50% PWMT [(2.20±1.43] g, [2.43±1.44] g and [2.21±1.56] g) and PWTL ([4.47±1.66] s, [3.65±1.80] s and [3.14±1.59] s, P<0.05). On the 7 th d of experiment, the paclitaxel group had significantly decreased SIRT1 protein expression (53.95±7.37) and ratio of orange-red fluorescence to green fluorescence (48.74±14.57), and significantly increased H 2O 2 concentration ([4.86±0.69] μmol/L) and mitochondrial superoxide expression (180.17±12.08) in the dorsal root ganglion tissues compared with the solvent control group ( P<0.05); compared with the paclitaxel group, the paclitaxel+SIRT1 agonist group had significantly increased SIRT1 expression (97.51±10.09) and ratio of orange-red fluorescence to green fluorescence (83.52±8.60) and decreased H 2O 2 concentration ([2.30±0.39] μmol/L) and mitochondrial superoxide expression (90.17±18.84) in the dorsal root ganglion tissues ( P<0.05); compared with the paclitaxel group, the paclitaxel+SIRT1 inhibitor group had significantly decreased SIRT1 expression (30.80±6.31) and ratio of orange-red fluorescence to green fluorescence (24.60±6.19) and increased H 2O 2 concentration ([10.67±1.85] μmol/L) and mitochondrial superoxide expression (294.52±26.94) in the dorsal root ganglion tissues ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SIRT1 activation can alleviate paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting mitochondrial damage in dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Objective The evaluation of lymph node properties before lung cancer surgery has a great impact with the choice of surgical methods.Although there are various examination methods,many methods have invasive or accuracy problems.In order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis,we mainly discuss the value of wide-body spectral CT in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes,non-metastatic lymph nodes in lung cancer patients and reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 64 patients with lung cancer and 28 patients with pulmonary inflammatory lesions were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent plain scan and enhanced dual-phase spectral CT scan.The size,density,three-phase IC,NIC,and λHU of lymph nodes in metastatic,non-metastatic and inflammatory reactive hyperplasia groups were measured on 70 keV single-energy images and iodine-based images,respectively.The single-factor variance and Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test were used to analyze and compare the differences.Results The short diameter of metastatic lymph nodes was larger than that of non-metastatic lymph nodes and reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes(P<0.001).The plain scan density of reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes was higher than that of metastatic lymph nodes(P<0.001),but there was no significant difference between non-metastatic lymph nodes(P=0.325).The CT values of reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes in arterial phase and venous phase were higher than those of metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes(P<0.05).Except for NIC in arterial phase,IC,NIC and λHU in plain scan,IC and λHU in arterial phase,IC,NIC and λHU in venous phase of reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IC,NIC and λHU between reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes in plain scan,arterial phase and venous phase(all P>0.05).Conclusion The quantitative and spectral curve slope of iodine in mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes of lung cancer were basically lower than those in reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes.The quantitative parameters of spectral CT had certain diagnostic efficacy in differentiating metastatic lymph nodes and reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes,while the spectral parameters of non-metastatic lymph nodes and reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes were not statistically significant.

Objective To develop deep learning-based auxiliary diagnostic models for diverse pulmonary diffuse cystic diseases,and subsequently evaluate their classification performance to identify the optimal model for clinical diagnosis.Methods A total of 288 patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF),pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis(PLAM),and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis(PLCH)were prospectively enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2010 and October 2022,comprising 76 cases of IPF,179 cases of PLAM,and 33 cases of PLCH.A total of 877 CT cases were collected,comprising 232 cases of IPF,557 cases of PLAM,and 88 cases of pulmonary PLCH.Based on the cutoff date of December 31,2019,the CT scans were divided into two datasets:dataset A consisted of 500 CT scans including 185 IPF cases,265 PLAM cases,and 50 PLCH cases;while dataset B comprised 377 CT scans with a distribution of 47 IPFcases,292 PLAMcases,and 38 PLCH cases.The Dataset A was randomly partitioned into training set,validation set,and test set in a ratio of 7∶1∶2.Subsequently,six distinct deep learning neural networks were employed for training after preprocessing and data augmentation.Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess the model performance using metrics such as area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and F1 score in order to identify the optimal model.Furthermore,a test set B comprising 30 randomly selected cases from dataset B for each disease type was utilized to evaluate the trained optimal model by employing the same aforementioned metrics.Results In test A,six well-established diagnostic models demonstrated superior classification performance for IPF and LAM,with an AUC greater than 0.9.For LCH,EfficientNet exhibited low classification efficiency with an AUC between 0.6 and 0.7,while Vgg11 showed an AUC between 0.8 and 0.9;the other four models displayed excellent classification efficiency with an AUC greater than 0.9.Except for Inception V3,the remaining five diagnostic models performed poorly in identifying and classifying LCH lesions.Considering multiple indicators,the InceptionV3 model showcased optimal comprehensive performance among the six models,achieving high evaluation parameters such as overall accuracy(94.90%),precision(93.49%),recall(90.84%),and specificity(96.91%).TestB was conducted using the trained InceptionV3 model resulting in an accuracy of 81%,precision of 82%,recall of 81%,and specificity of 90%.Conclusions Six recognition and classification models,developed using deep learning technology in conjunction with pulmonary CT images,demonstrate effective discrimination between LAM,LCH,and IPF.Notably,the model constructed utilizing the InceptionV3 neural network exhibits superior efficiency in accurately recognizing and classifying IPF and LAM.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the correlation between chronic non-occupational arsenic exposure and hypertension.Methods:A literature search was conducted through Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform (VIP) Database and China Biomedical Literature Database to comprehensively collect epidemiological literature related to chronic non-occupational arsenic exposure and hypertension published domestically and internationally for inclusion in the study, with a time limit from database establishment to January 1, 2023. Meta-analysis of dichotomous variables was conducted using Stata MP15 software, with odds ratio ( OR) value [95%confidence interval( CI)] as the effect evaluation indicator. A random-effects model or a fixed-effects model was selected for comprehensive quantitative analysis according to the heterogeneity results; the sources of heterogeneity were identified through subgroup analysis; a funnel plot was used for qualitative analysis of publication bias and the results were further assessed by Egger test. Stata 15.0 software was then used to analyze the dose-response relationship between chronic non-occupational arsenic exposure and hypertension using restricted cubic spline function and generalized least squares estimation (GLST) method. Results:Twenty-nine articles ( n = 127 258) were finally included, including 24 English articles and 5 Chinese articles. Through Meta-analysis, the combined OR value (95% CI) for hypertension was 1.07 (1.04 - 1.09), with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). The combined OR values (95% CI) for urinary arsenic, drinking water arsenic, and hair arsenic in subgroup analysis were 1.10 (1.04 - 1.17), 1.13 (1.07 - 1.20), and 2.55 (1.55 - 4.20), respectively. The combined OR values (95% CI) for cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and cohort studies were 1.11 (1.06 - 1.16), 1.13 (1.04 - 1.23) and 1.04 (1.00 - 1.07), respectively. For every unit (μg/L) increase in arsenic exposure in drinking water, the risk of hypertension increased by 0.13% [ OR value (95% CI): 1.001 269 (1.000 104 - 1.002 434), P < 0.05]. Conclusions:There is a correlation between chronic non-occupational arsenic exposure and adult hypertension, with urinary arsenic, drinking water arsenic and hair arsenic as possible exposure markers. There is a non-linear dose-response relationship between chronic non-occupational arsenic exposure and adult hypertension.

Objective To understand the change in distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from blood specimens of Hunan Province,and provide for the initial diagnosis and treatment of clinical bloodstream infection(BSI).Methods Data reported from member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Survei-llance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected.Bacterial antimicrobial resistance surveillance method was imple-mented according to the technical scheme of China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS).Bacteria from blood specimens and bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 soft-ware and SPSS 27.0 software.Results A total of 207 054 bacterial strains were isolated from blood specimens from member units in Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021,including 107 135(51.7％)Gram-positive bacteria and 99 919(48.3％)Gram-negative bacteria.There was no change in the top 6 pathogenic bacteria from 2012 to 2021,with Escherichia coli(n=51 537,24.9％)ranking first,followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis(n=29 115,14.1％),Staphylococcus aureus(n=17 402,8.4％),Klebsiella pneu-moniae(17 325,8.4％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=4 010,1.9％)and Acinetobacter baumannii(n=3 598,1.7％).The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)decreased from 30.3％in 2015 to 20.7％in 2021,while the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS)showed an upward trend year by year(57.9％-66.8％).No Staphylococcus was found to be resistant to vancomy-cin,linezolid,and teicoplanin.Among Gram-negative bacteria,constituent ratios of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 43.9％-53.9％and 14.2％-19.5％,respectively,both showing an upward trend(both P＜0.001).Constituent ratios of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were 3.6％-5.1％and 3.0％-4.5％,respectively,both showing a downward trend year by year(both P＜0.001).From 2012 to 2021,resistance rates of Escherichia coli to imipenem and ertapenem were 1.0％-2.0％and 0.6％-1.1％,respectively;presenting a downward trend(P＜0.001).The resistant rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to meropenem and ertapenem were 7.4％-13.7％and 4.8％-6.4％,respectively,presenting a downward trend(both P＜0.001).The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenem antibiotics were 7.1％-15.6％and 34.7％-45.7％,respectively.The trend of resistance to carbapenem antibiotics was relatively stable,but has de-creased compared with 2012-2016.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to the third-generation cephalosporins from 2012 to 2021 were 41.0％-65.4％,showing a downward trend year by year.Conclusion The constituent ra-tio of Gram-negative bacillus from blood specimens in Hunan Province has been increasing year by year,while the detection rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacillus remained relatively stable in the past 5 years,and the detection rate of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus has shown a downward trend.

Objective To investigate changes in the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)specimens in Hunan Province,and provide reference for correct clinical diagnosis and rational antimicrobial use.Methods Data reported by member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected according to China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Sys-tem(CARSS)technical scheme.Data of bacteria isolated from CSF specimens and antimicrobial susceptibility tes-ting results were analyzed with WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software.Results A total of 11 837 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF specimens from member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Sys-tem from 2012 to 2021.The top 5 strains were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(n=6 397,54.0％),Acineto-bacter baumannii(n=764,6.5％),Staphylococcus aureus(n=606,5.1％),Enterococcus faecium(n=465,3.9％),and Escherichia coli(n=447,3.8％).The detection rates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphyloco-ccus(MRCNS)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)were 58.9％-66.3％and 34.4％-62.1％,respectively.No Staphylococcus spp.were found to be resistant to vancomycin,linezolid,and teicoplanin.The de-tection rate of Enterococcus faecium was higher than that of Enterococcus faecalis,and the resistance rates of En-terococcus f aecium to penicillin,ampicillin,high concentration streptomycin and levofloxacin were all higher than those of Enterococcus faecalis(all P=0.001).Resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was 85.0％,at a high level.Resistance rate of Escherichia coli to ceftriaxone was＞60％,while resistance rates to enzyme inhibitors and carbapenem antibiotics were low.Resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone was＞60％,to en-zyme inhibitors piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam was＞30％,to carbapenem imipenem and me-ropenem was about 30％.Resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to most tested antimicrobial agents were＞60％,to imipenem and meropenem were 59.0％-79.4％,to polymyxin B was low.Conclusion Among the bac-teria isolated from CSF specimens,coagulase-negative Staphylococcus accounts for the largest proportion,and the overall resistance of pathogenic bacteria is relatively serious.Bacterial antimicrobial resistance surveillance is very important for the effective treatment of central nerve system infection.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinically isolated bacteria from intensive care units(ICUs)in hospitals of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021.Methods According to China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System,data of clinically isolated bacterial strains and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of bacteria from ICUs reported by all member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System were analyzed with WHONET 2022 software.Results From 2012 to 2021,the total number of bacteria isolated from ICUs of member units of the Hunan Province Antimi-crobial Resistance Surveillance System was 5 777-22 369,with Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 76.1％-78.0％annually.Staphylococcus aureus ranked first among isolated Gram-positive bacteria each year.The top 5 bacteria among Gram-negative bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudo-monas aeruginosa,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.Detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed a downward trend year by year.No Staphylococcus spp.were found to be resistant to vancomycin,teico-planin and linezolid.Detection rates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Entero-coccus faecium were 0.6-1.1％and 0.6％-2.2％,respectively.Resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Kleb-siella pneumoniae to imipenem were 3.1％-5.7％and 7.7％-20.9％,respectively.Resistance rates of Pseudo-monasaeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem were 24.6％-40.1％and 76.1％-80.9％,respective-ly.Detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa declined year by year.Acinetobacter baumannii maintained high susceptibility to polymyxin B,with resistance rate＜10％.Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from ICUs is serious.Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales has an upward trend after 2019.It is nece-ssary to strengthen the surveillance of bacterial resistance and carry out multidisciplinary collaboration.

Objective To understand the antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated Enterococcus spp.in Hunan Province.Methods Surveillance data of Enterococcus spp.resistance from member units of Hunan Provincial Anti-microbial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected.Data were cleaned according to a unified method,and WHONET 5.6 software was adopted for statistical analysis.Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 110 652 non-repetitive Enterococcus spp.strains were included in the analysis,mainly Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium,accounting for 46.9％(n=37 774)and 45.9％(n=36 968),respectively,followed by En-terococcus avium(2.5％,n=1 982),Enterococcus gallinarum(1.8％,n=1 428),and Enterococcus casseliflavus(1.5％,n=1 185).The main specimen sources of Enterococcus spp.was urine(51.8％,n=57 350),followed by secretions(9.6％,n=10 660)and bile(8.5％,n=9 377).From 2012 to 2021,the resistance rates of Enteroco-ccus faecalis to ampicillin,teicoplanin,and vancomycin were 5.5％-12.0％,1.3％-2.0％,and 0.6％-1.4％,respectively.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin,teicoplanin,and vancomycin were 69.2％-85.0％,1.5％-2.8％,and 0.7％-2.5％,respectively.Except for linezolid and minocycline,the resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to tested antimicrobial agents were all higher than those of Enterococcus faecalis.The re-sistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin decreased from 1.4％and 2.1％in 2012 to 0.6％and 0.7％in 2021,respectively,presenting a decreased trend.Conclusion Clinically isolated En-terococcus spp.maintain high antimicrobial susceptibility to vancomycin and teicoplanin.Resistance rates of Entero-coccus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin present decreased trends.

Objective To analyze the distribution and changing trend of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from bile from Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System.Methods Data of pathogens isolated from bile from Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected.The constituent of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software.Changes in antimicrobial resistance was analyze by trend chi-square test.Results The major pathogenic bacteria isolated from bile were Gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 70.84％.The top three isolated Gram-negative pathogens were Escherichia coli(30.14％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(12.15％),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(5.18％),and the top two Gram-positive bacteria were Enterococcus faecium(10.34％)and Enterococcus faecalis(9.52％).The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli to imipenem were highest in 2012-2013,being 15.7％and 14.9％,respectively,presenting an downward trend(P＜0.05);resistance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam were＜24％,presenting an upward trend year by year(P＜0.05);the sus-ceptibility rate to amikacin was＞94％,to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was 15.5％-65.2％.The highest resis-tance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem(32.0％)was higher than that of meropenem(22.9％),resis-tance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam were＜19％.The highest resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem and meropenem were 59.4％and 62.6％,respectively,resistance rate to cefo-perazone/sulbactam was＜48％,presenting an upward trend(P＜0.05);the highest resistance rate to ciprofloxa-cin(60.8％)was higher than levofloxacin(48.7％);resistance rate to tigecycline was＜8％.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to penicillin and ampicillin were both higher than those of Enterococcus faecalis,presenting an upward trend(P＜0.05).Resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin was lower than that of Entero-coccus faecalis.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and linezolid were 0.5％-4.5％and 0.5％-3.4％,respectively;resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis to vancomycin and linezolid were 0.2％-1.7％and 0.5％-3.5％,respectively(both P＜0.05),all presenting a downward trend(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Pathogenic bacteria isolated from bile are mainly related to the intestinal flora.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and linezolid as well as resistance rate of Enterobacterales to car-bapenem antibiotics all present a downward trend.