AIM:To investigate myopia status and analyze the influence factors in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing.METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 504 primary and secondary school students in Wulong district, and all students underwent myopia screen and questionnaire survey, statistics and analyses the data.RESULTS:Totally 2 431 students were participated in this study, and 1 217 students with myopia were screened out, the prevalence rate of myopia was 50.06%, awareness rate of myopia was 64.59%, glasses wearing rate of myopia was 51.85%. The prevalence of myopia increased with age and grade(P<0.05), the prevalence of myopia in male(46.97%)was lower than in female(53.18%), and the prevalence of myopia in township(47.06%)was lower than in urban area(52.11%; all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that outdoor activities were protective factor for myopia, while female, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth were risk factors for myopia.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate of myopia was higher in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing, awareness rate of myopia and glasses wearing rate of myopia were lower, and the genesis of myopia is highly relevant to outdoor activities, gender, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth.

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（AIT） remains the only therapeutic approach with the potential to modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis（AR）. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variability exists in patients'responses to AIT. To facilitate more reliable assessment of treatment efficacy, the China Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group（CRRCG） convened young and middle-aged nasal experts in China to formulate the present consensus. The recommended subjective outcome measures for AIT comprise symptom scores, medication scores, combined symptom and medication scores, quality-of-life assessments, evaluation of disease control, and assessment of comorbidities. Objective indicators may supplement these measures. Currently available objective approaches include skin prick testing, nasal provocation testing, and allergen exposure chambers. However, these methods remain constrained by practical limitations and are not yet appropriate for routine implementation in clinical efficacy evaluation. In addition, several biomarkers, including sIgE and the sIgE/tIgE ratio, sIgG4, serum IgE-blocking activity, IgA, cytokines and chemokines, as well as immune cell surface molecules and their functional activity, have been shown to have associations with AIT outcomes. While these biomarkers may complement subjective assessments, they are subject to significant limitations. Consequently, large-scale multicenter trials and real-world evidence are required to strengthen the evidence base. The present consensus underscores the necessity of integrating patients'subjective experiences with objective testing throughout the treatment process, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate framework for efficacy evaluation. Looking forward, future investigations should prioritize the incorporation of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence methodologies, which hold promise for overcoming current limitations in assessment strategies and for advancing both the standardization and personalization of AIT.
Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; China ; Consensus ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; East Asian People

Objective To investigate the relationship between cerebrovascular reactivity(CVR)and emotional disorders in the patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease(ESRD).Methods The clinical data of the ESRD patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis were collected.Anxiety and depression of the patients were assessed by the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)and Beck depression inven-tory,respectively.The cerebral hemodynamic changes during the breath holding test were monitored by transcrani-al Doppler sonography,and the breath-holding index(BHI)was calculated.The BHI≥0.69 and BHI＜0.69 indi-cate normal CVR and abnormal CVR,respectively.Binary Logistic regression was employed to analyze the factors affecting the depressive state of ESRD patients.Results The group with abnormal CVR exhibited higher total cholesterol level(P=0.010),low density lipoprotein level(P=0.006),and incidence of depression(P=0.012)than the group with normal CVR.Compared with the non-depression group,the depression group dis-played prolonged disease course(P=0.039),reduced body mass index(P=0.048),elevated HAMA score(P=0.001),increased incidence of anxiety(P＜0.001),decreased BHI(P=0.015),and increased incidence of abnormal CVR(P=0.012).Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated anxiety as a contributing factor(OR=22.915,95％CI=2.653-197.956,P=0.004)and abnormal CVR as a risk factor(OR=0.074,95％CI=0.008-0.730,P=0.026)for depression.Conclusion Impaired CVR could pose a risk for depression in the patients with ESRD.

Objective:To identify the risk factors and to construct a predictive model for early postnatal mortality (with the first 7 days of life) in extremely preterm infants.Methods:This retrospective study involved 244 extremely preterm infants with a gestational age of 22 to 27 weeks and 6 days, born at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2017 to December 2022. They were divided into an early survival group ( n=140) and an early mortality group ( n=84), based on survival for ≥7 days after birth. LASSO and logistic regression were used to select risk factors for early mortality. A nomogram predictive model was constructed using the R software program. The goodness-of-fit tests, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curves were used to evaluate its performance and clinical usefulness. Results:LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that breech delivery ( OR=3.055, 95% CI: 1.125-8.296), intubation in the delivery room ( OR=4.320, 95% CI: 1.328-14.053), diagnosis of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ neonatal respiratory distress syndrome within 6 h after birth ( OR=11.552, 95% CI: 3.056-43.677), and use of adrenaline in the delivery room ( OR=10.706, 95% CI: 1.454-78.816) were risk factors for early mortality in extremely preterm infants. Conversely, large gestation age ( OR=0.234, 95% CI: 0.125-0.436), antenatal administration of corticosteroids to promote fetal lung maturity ( OR=0.046, 95% CI: 0.014-0.145), and the use of pulmonary surfactant within 6 h after birth ( OR=0.021, 95% CI: 0.004-0.122) were protective factors against mortality. The goodness of fit test of the early death risk nomogram prediction model for extremely preterm infants indicates a good fit ( P=0.702). The AUC of the model was 0.963 (95% CI: 0.943-0.983), with a sensitivity of 0.904 (95% CI: 0.806-0.949), specificity of 0.892 (95% CI: 0.829-0.938), and accuracy of 0.880. Decision curve analysis indicated that a threshold probability>2% would yield a net benefit. Conclusions:Breech delivery, intubation in the delivery room, use of adrenaline in the delivery room, and the diagnosis of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ neonatal respiratory distress syndrome within 6 h post-birth are independent risk factors for early mortality in extremely preterm infants. Large gestational age, antenatal administration of corticosteroids to promote fetal lung maturity and use of pulmonary surfactant within 6 h after birth are protective factors. The constructed prediction model based on the aforementioned factors can quantitatively, conveniently, and intuitively assess the risk of early mortality in extremely preterm infants.

Objective:Pediatric chronic sinusitis （CRS） is a common disease within the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Due to the immaturity of sinus development and immune competence in children, its etiology and pathophysiology are complex, and its clinical features and outcomes differ significantly from those in adult patients. Currently, there are issues in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, particularly in areas such as antibiotic use and surgical interventions, owing to a lack of sufficient attention. In recognition of this, the Chinese Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group developed this expert consensus based on a systematic review of the latest literatures from both domestic and international sources, with reference to the latest evidence-based medical evidence worldwide, and in combination with their own clinical experience. The consensus covers various aspects including epidemiology, predisposing factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies such as medical therapy and surgical intervention. It aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, improve clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction, reduce clinical expenditures, and decrease the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Humans ; Sinusitis/therapy* ; Chronic Disease ; Child ; Consensus ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use*

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The diagnosis of schizophrenia so far relies heavily on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences by patients, manifestations described by relatives, and abnormal behaviors assessed by psychiatrists. The diagnosis, monitoring of the disease progression and therapy efficacy assessment are challenging due to the lack of established laboratory biomarkers. Based on the current literature, clinical consensus, guidelines, and expert recommendations, this review highlighted evidence-based potential laboratory biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, including genetic biomarkers, neurotransmitters, neurodevelopmental-related proteins, and intestinal flora, and discussed the potential future directions for the application of these biomarkers in this field, aiming to provide an objective basis for the use of these biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and rehabilitation assessment of schizophrenia.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and relevant factors among individuals characterized by their longevity in multiple regions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and provide a valuable scientific perspective for the research in health and longevity of the elderly in Guangxi.Methods:Registration and face-to-face questionnaire on a door-to-door basis were adopted to collect the demographic characteristics of the long-lived individuals (≥90 years old) in Bama of Hechi city, Yongfu of Guilin city, Dongxing of Fangchenggang city, Guangxi. Then, among the local general population, individuals within the age group between 40 and 85 years old were selected randomly as controls. Correlations were then analyzed between the relative health and longevity of the subjects and their gender, ethnicity, family history, disease history, marital status, the number of family generations, the number of children, smoking, drinking, outdoor activities, sleep and other health-related factors, then the result was subject to further analysis by comparing the long-lived population and the control population respectively.Results:Among 691 500 of the permanent residents of Bama, Yongfu and Dongxing city, 1 005 cases were 90 years old and over with a ratio of 145.34 out of 100 000 persons; within the 1 005 cases, 944 were aged between 90 and 100 (longevity rate: 136.51/100 000) with an average age of (93.28±2.57); 61 cases were aged 100 or over, arriving at a centenarian rate of 8.82/100 000 with an average age of (102.00±3.05) years. Significant differences were found just among three particular factors — regional distribution ( P=0.014), history of disease ( P=0.002), four generations of family ( P=0.008) between nonagenarians and centenarians ( P<0.05), while the other 15 indicators did not show anything noteworthy. The result indicated that longevity and centenarians might be the same group and then we combined both groups into one. By cross-comparison between the longevity-plus- centenarians and the control group in the region, factors listed below exhibited significant correlation with health and longevity: marital status ( OR=26.469, 95% CI: 13.208-53.045), number of generations within the family ( OR=5.419, 95% CI: 3.418-8.592), number of male offspring ( OR=2.013, 95% CI: 1.555-2.607), number of female offspring ( OR=1.380, 95% CI: 1.122-1.696), and the frequency of outdoor activities ( OR=10.226, 95% CI: 3.164-33.045). Conclusions:The longevity rate is higher in the general natural population in Bama, Yongfu and Dongxing of Guangxi. The phenomenon may owe to favorable family structure, atmosphere within or out of the family or other elements related with social surrounding. Among them all, mentality, inclination to physical exercise and regular rhythm of life may all exert tremendous contributory influence here.

Objective:To explore the epidemiologic characteristics of long-lived population and influencing factors in Shanglin county of Guangxi and provide scientific basis for the study of health and longevity in Guangxi.Methods:We collected and analyzed the general demographic cross-sectional data of the long-lived individuals (≥90 years old) in 11 villages and towns by multi-source registration and face-to-face interview. The age group control design was adopted to conduct a comparison among the longevity group (90-100 years old), centenarian group (≥100 years old), the longevity plus centenarian group and control group (local population aged 40-85 years), and identify the factors related to longevity.Results:Among the 496 007 people registered in Shanglin, 1 533 were aged ≥90 years, including 1 453 in the longevity group, with an average age of (92.84±2.46) years, and 80 in the centenarian group, with an average age of (102.67±2.60) years. The spatial distribution of long-lived individuals and centenarians was mainly in the north and central areas, and sparse in southwest area. Analysis on factors related to health and longevity indicated that old people with Zhuang ethnic ( OR=1.551,95% CI:1.308-1.838), married ( OR=55.507,95% CI:36.087-85.377) and moderately high waist-to-hip ratio ( OR=258.056,95% CI:27.775-2 397.569), and SBP ( OR=1.019,95% CI:1.013-1.026) tended to live longer. Conclusions:We found that the rate of longevity in Shanglin was higher than the average level in Guangxi and China. Longevity in Shanglin country had unique spatial and population distribution characterics of female longevity more than male longevity, mainly Zhuang ethnic and so on. Being women, married, family history of longevity, appropriate high waist-to-hip ratio, SBP and blood sugar level might be positive factors for longevity in Shanglin, but the impacts of other factors on longevity need further study.

The current document is based on a consensus reached by a panel of experts from the Chinese Society of Allergy and the Chinese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Group. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 8% of Chinese adults. The inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms of CRS in the Chinese population differ from those observed in the populations of European descent. Recently, precision medicine has been used to treat inflammation by targeting key biomarkers that are involved in the process. However, there are no CRS guidelines or a consensus available from China that can be shared with the international academia. The guidelines presented in this paper cover the epidemiology, economic burden, genetics and epigenetics, mechanisms, phenotypes and endotypes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, management, and the current status of CRS in China. These guidelines—with a focus on China—will improve the abilities of clinical and medical staff during the treatment of CRS. Additionally, they will help international agencies in improving the verification of CRS endotypes, mapping of eosinophilic shifts, the identification of suitable biomarkers for endotyping, and predicting responses to therapies. In conclusion, these guidelines will help select therapies, such as pharmacotherapy, surgical approaches and innovative biotherapeutics, which are tailored to each of the individual CRS endotypes.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomarkers ; China ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Epidemiology ; Epigenomics ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; International Agencies ; Medical Staff ; Neck ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine