ObjectiveCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF rapidly exchanges with interstitial fluid (ISF) via the glymphatic system within the brain parenchyma. CSF-ISF circulation and its associated mechanisms are often referred to as the brain lymphatic system. This system is connected directly to meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs), jointly performing the function of clearing metabolic waste from the CNS. Emerging evidence indicates that this system is closely associated with the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Importantly, abnormal CSF circulation is not only a downstream consequence of AD pathology, but also a risk factor. In AD, the dynamics of CSF flow within the CNS are diminished, immune dysregulation occurs, and this may increase the risk of AD by exacerbating the burden of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). In the mouse model of AD, impaired CSF flow compromises this clearance function, leading to cognitive deficits. Clinically, acupuncture at cognition-related acupoints is commonly used for the prevention and treatment of AD. However, whether its therapeutic effects are mediated through the modulation of CSF dynamics remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acupuncture on CSF flow and investigate its acupoint specificity. MethodsMice were randomly assigned to experimental groups for the different electroacupuncture groups with the following acupoints: Baihui point (GV 20), Ear point, Neiguan point (PC 6), and Tianshu point (ST 25). Wild-type mice on a C57BL/6J background were used as controls. Fluorescent tracer was injected into the cisterna magna to label CSF flow. Fluorescence imaging was employed to assess the distribution of CSF within the brain before and after acupuncture stimulation. ResultsFollowing tracer injection into the cisterna magna, fluorescence signals rapidly reached the cerebellum and medulla—the regions closest to the injection site. Fluorescence intensity was higher in ventral brain regions compared to dorsal regions, likely due to greater vascular density in ventral areas facilitating CSF-ISF exchange. Electroacupuncture at the GV 20 produced the most pronounced enhancement of CSF across the whole brain, while stimulation at the ST 25 primarily augmented flow within subcortical regions. In contrast, electroacupuncture at the Ear point or the PC 6 had no observable effect on CSF in mice. ConclusionElectroacupuncture promotes CSF flow into the brain parenchyma in an acupoint-specific manner, with GV 20 exhibiting the most pronounced enhancement of CSF dynamics. These findings suggest that acupuncture-mediated facilitation of CSF flow may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing or delaying age-related cognitive decline.

ObjectiveCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF rapidly exchanges with interstitial fluid (ISF) via the glymphatic system within the brain parenchyma. CSF-ISF circulation and its associated mechanisms are often referred to as the brain lymphatic system. This system is connected directly to meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs), jointly performing the function of clearing metabolic waste from the CNS. Emerging evidence indicates that this system is closely associated with the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Importantly, abnormal CSF circulation is not only a downstream consequence of AD pathology, but also a risk factor. In AD, the dynamics of CSF flow within the CNS are diminished, immune dysregulation occurs, and this may increase the risk of AD by exacerbating the burden of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). In the mouse model of AD, impaired CSF flow compromises this clearance function, leading to cognitive deficits. Clinically, acupuncture at cognition-related acupoints is commonly used for the prevention and treatment of AD. However, whether its therapeutic effects are mediated through the modulation of CSF dynamics remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acupuncture on CSF flow and investigate its acupoint specificity. MethodsMice were randomly assigned to experimental groups for the different electroacupuncture groups with the following acupoints: Baihui point (GV 20), Ear point, Neiguan point (PC 6), and Tianshu point (ST 25). Wild-type mice on a C57BL/6J background were used as controls. Fluorescent tracer was injected into the cisterna magna to label CSF flow. Fluorescence imaging was employed to assess the distribution of CSF within the brain before and after acupuncture stimulation. ResultsFollowing tracer injection into the cisterna magna, fluorescence signals rapidly reached the cerebellum and medulla—the regions closest to the injection site. Fluorescence intensity was higher in ventral brain regions compared to dorsal regions, likely due to greater vascular density in ventral areas facilitating CSF-ISF exchange. Electroacupuncture at the GV 20 produced the most pronounced enhancement of CSF across the whole brain, while stimulation at the ST 25 primarily augmented flow within subcortical regions. In contrast, electroacupuncture at the Ear point or the PC 6 had no observable effect on CSF in mice. ConclusionElectroacupuncture promotes CSF flow into the brain parenchyma in an acupoint-specific manner, with GV 20 exhibiting the most pronounced enhancement of CSF dynamics. These findings suggest that acupuncture-mediated facilitation of CSF flow may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing or delaying age-related cognitive decline.

Gastric ulcer （GU） is a high-incidence digestive system disease characterized pathologically by disruption of gastric mucosal integrity， with clinical features including a prolonged course and periodic recurrence. Modern medicine attributes its pathogenesis to the dynamic imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors，while traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） posits its development as closely linked to spleen deficiency. Current therapies combining acid suppressants and antibiotics face challenges such as high recurrence rates，poor mucosal healing，and adverse drug reactions. Long-term use may induce metabolic disturbances like hypergastrinemia and reduced intestinal microbiota diversity. Therefore，exploring safer and longer-lasting therapeutic strategies has become a critical focus. TCM has extensive clinical experience and unique advantages in GU prevention and treatment. Studies demonstrate that the classic formula Shenling Baizhu San exhibits therapeutic properties of "invigorating spleen and tonifying Qi to restore physiological balance and eliminating dampness and regulating middle energizer to unblock Qi movement"， enabling a holistic approach targeting both symptoms and root causes in GU with spleen deficiency as the core pathology by suppressing aggressive factors and strengthening defensive factors. Experimental research reveals its mechanisms involve enhancing the physicochemical barrier of the mucus layer，repairing epithelial barriers and microcirculation，modulating gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility，and regulating microecological barriers and mucosal immunity. Clinical evidence confirms its synergistic effects in promoting ulcer healing，improving Helicobacter pylori eradication rates，and reducing recurrence risks. This review examined the etiology and pathogenesis of GU and systematically evaluated Shenling Baizhu San from three perspectives-clinical application，pharmacological effects， and experimental research-to provide insights for optimizing integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine protocols and expanding its clinical applications.

ObjectiveThis study aims to construct a reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) delivery system loaded with kinsenoside (KD@rHDL), and to systematically evaluate its function in enhancing the phagocytosis of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) by microglia and improving the inflammatory state of microglia, as well as to preliminarily explore its potential application value in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). MethodsKD@rHDL was prepared by the film hydration method combined with probe sonication and co-incubation. Its morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the particle size and Zeta potential were measured by dynamic light scattering. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The affinity between KD@rHDL and Aβ was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to assess its feasibility as a medium for Aβ clearance. At the cellular level, after treating mouse microglial cells (BV-2 cells) with KD@rHDL and adding fluorescently labeled Aβ, the phagocytic efficiency of microglia for Aβ was detected by confocal microscopy. Meanwhile, the CCK-8 method was used to evaluate the effect of KD@rHDL on cell viability to determine its safety. The trans-barrier transport ability of KD@rHDL was detected by Transwell assay. The expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and downstream inflammatory factor IL-1β in LPS-induced microglia were detected by Western blot to evaluate the regulatory effect of KD@rHDL on the inflammatory state of cells. ResultsCharacterization results showed that the successfully prepared KD@rHDL presented a typical discoid structure under transmission electron microscopy, with a uniform particle size distribution, an average particle size of approximately (14.4±0.24) nm, and a suitable negative Zeta potential, demonstrating good colloidal stability. The drug content determination results indicated that the encapsulation efficiency of KD@rHDL for kinsenoside was (42.24±1.30)%, and the drug loading was (6.03±0.19)%, indicating a good drug loading capacity. The CCK-8 assay results showed that in the set concentration range, the survival rates of BV2 and HT22 cells in the KD@rHDL treatment group were all above 90%, with no significant difference from the control group, indicating good cell safety of the formulation. The results of the Aβ phagocytosis experiment indicated that, compared with the Aβ oligomers (Aβo) group alone, the fluorescence signal intensity within microglia in the KD@rHDL treatment group was significantly enhanced, and a large amount of fluorescence-labeled Aβ was observed to accumulate intracellularly under a fluorescence microscope. The SPR assay results showed that rHDL had a strong affinity for Aβ, with an affinity constant reaching the nanomolar level. Transwell assay results indicated that KD@rHDL could effectively cross the bEnd.3 cell monolayer barrier and be taken up by BV2 and HT22 cells. Western blot assay results showed that high-dose KD@rHDL treatment could significantly reduce the expression level of NLRP3 protein in LPS-induced microglia and simultaneously down-regulate the maturation and secretion of IL-1β, indicating that KD@rHDL can effectively inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and improve the neuroinflammatory state mediated by microglia. ConclusionThis study successfully constructed a reconstituted high-density lipoprotein delivery system loaded with kinsenoside (KD@rHDL). This nano-delivery system not only significantly enhances the phagocytic clearance ability of microglia towards Aβ, but also effectively inhibits the NLRP3/IL-1β-mediated inflammatory pathway, improving the inflammatory state of microglia. The above results indicate that KD@rHDL has a synergistic effect in promoting Aβ clearance and alleviating neuroinflammation, demonstrating potential therapeutic value for AD and providing new ideas and experimental basis for the development of subsequent AD treatment strategies.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Objective: To examine the association between parent-child communication frequency about school related matters and depressive symptom risk among children and adolescents and to characterize its dose response pattern, so as to provide a reference for family intervention and school mental health promotion. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS), conducted from May to December 2022. A total of 1 896 children and adolescents aged 10-15 years were included. The 8 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8) was adopted to assess depressive symptoms among children and adolescents. Data on the parent-child communication frequency about school related matters was obtained from CFPS Child Proxy Questionnaire. Multivariable Logistic regression, sensitivity analyses, and exploratory segmented regression were performed. Results: A total of 375 participants were screened positive for depressive symptoms, with a prevalence of 19.8%. The prevalence decreased from 23.3% in the "never" group to 10.6% in the "very often" group ( χ 2=19.30, P <0.05). In the fully adjusted model, the point estimate for the "very often" group suggested lower odds of a positive screen ( OR =0.52), and the test for trend was statistically significant ( P =0.03). The association was more pronounced among children aged 10-12 years ( OR=0.31, 95%CI=0.11-0.86, P <0.05). Sensitivity analyses yielded directionally consistent results, but the statistical evidence was weakened ( OR=0.83, P trend =0.08). Dose response analysis showed a statistically significant overall association between parent-child communication frequency about school related matters and depressive symptom risk ( P =0.04), with no significant departure from linearity ( P = 0.14 ). Among the prespecified cut points, exploratory segmented regression showed relatively better model fit at an ordinal frequency score of 4.5, between "often" and "very often" (likelihood ratio test P =0.03). However, the overall test for nonlinearity was not statistically significant ( P =0.14), and the finding should therefore be interpreted as exploratory. Conclusion More frequent parent-child communication about school related matters is associated with lower depressive symptom risk, suggesting that routine communication about such matters may help reduce the risk of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.

Objective: To develop machine learning identification models for the relatively high risk of social-emotional problems among Chinese school-aged children, and compare internal validation performances across different algorithms, so as to provide reference for preliminary identification of relatively high risk in school-aged children s social-emotional problems. Methods: Based on the 2022 proxy-reported data for children from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a total of 3 575 children aged 6-15 years from 2 709 families who completed the survey between May and December 2022 were included. Relatively high risk of social-emotional problems was defined using a composite score constructed from 12 social emotional related items in the CFPS 2022 general questionnaire. Data were split approximately 7∶3 (modeling group: 2 503, validation group: 1 072) by household identifier (ID) to ensure all children from the same family were assigned to the same dataset. Candidate variable selection, missing value imputation parameter fitting, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature screening, model training, and hyperparameter tuning were performed within the development set, while internal validation was conducted in the validation set. Weighted AUC, Brier score, sensitivity, specificity, calibration curves, and decision curves were compared across Logistic regression, random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was used for exploratory interpretation of the RF model, which achieved the highest AUC value in the validation set. Results: A total of 941 (26.3%) were classified as having relatively high risk of social emotional problems. A total of 659 and 282 high risk cases were in the modeling group and validation group, respectively, with no cross set split of households. LASSO retained 10 features. In the validation set, the RF model achieved the highest AUC of 0.672 (95% CI =0.624-0.717) and a Brier score of 0.184. The Logistic regression model achieved a validation AUC of 0.670 (95% CI =0.624-0.716). The incremental AUC gain of RF over Logistic regression was 0.002 (family cluster paired bootstrap 95% CI =-0.016 to 0.020, P =0.856). Following household ID splitting, all models showed moderate internal validation performance. Although RF achieved the highest numerical value, its incremental gain over Logistic regression was limited. Conclusion The model can serve as a reference for preliminary identification research on the relatively high risk of social emotional problems in school aged children, though its stability and applicability require further validation in external samples.

Assessing the malignant potential of Bosniak Ⅲ cystic renal lesions is challenging, presenting a significant dilemma for clinicians in their management. Studies indicate that approximately 50% of these cases may be subjected to overtreatment, resulting in avoidable trauma and financial strain for patients. With the continuous development of imaging and surgery technologies, more advanced clinical management strategies are emerging that align with the principles of precision medicine. This article reviewed the progress of Bosniak Ⅲ lesions in imaging monitoring, biopsy, and surgical treatment.

Objective:To investigate the role and potential mechanism of m 6A demethylase ALKBH5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) . Methods:Real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect ALKBH5 expression in normal esophageal epithelial cells (Het-1A) and ESCC cell lines (Eca109, KYSE30, KYSE150, KYSE410). Transient cell lines with overexpression/knockdown of ALKBH5 (siRNA transfection was divided into si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group) and control cell lines were constructed. The effects of ALKBH5 on ESCC cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were studied by MTT assay, cell scratch assay and cell apoptosis assay respectively. The differentially expressed gene was screened by the intersection of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) techniques, and the effect of ALKBH5 on the gene expression was detected by RT-qPCR.Results:Real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR results showed that, the relative expression levels of ALKBH5 RNA in Het-1A, Eca109, KYSE30, KYSE150 and KYSE410 were 1.03±0.28, 0.46±0.02, 0.23±0.10, 0.04±0.02, 0.05±0.00, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=444.60, P<0.001). Western blotting showed that, the relative expression levels of ALKBH5 protein in Het-1A, Eca109, KYSE30, KYSE150 and KYSE410 were 1.14±0.03, 0.88±0.04, 0.66±0.01, 0.69±0.01, 0.95±0.01, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=139.90, P<0.001). MTT test showed that the absorbance ( A) values of KYSE30 control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were 0.86±0.01 and 1.25±0.01 after 72 hours, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=46.93, P<0.001). The A values of KYSE150 control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were 1.00±0.03 and 1.43±0.02 after 72 hours, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=16.80, P<0.001). The A values of KYSE30 control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were 0.98±0.01, 0.85±0.02 and 0.80±0.09 after 96 hours, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=72.97, P<0.001). The A values of KYSE30 control group were higher than those of si-ALKBH5-1 and si-ALKBH5-2 groups (both P<0.001). The A values of KYSE410 control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were 1.28±0.02, 1.15±0.02 and 1.08±0.05 after 72 hours, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=16.97, P=0.003). The A values in KYSE410 control group were higher than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.020; P=0.003). The cell scratch test showed that 48 hours after scratch, the migration rates of KYSE30 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were (27.39±0.54) % and (48.89±5.12) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=5.90, P=0.004). The migration rates of KYSE150 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were (39.67±0.43) % and (62.20±0.60) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=43.15, P<0.001). The migration rates of KYSE30 cells in control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were (25.08±1.86) %, (18.75±1.59) % and (7.67±0.52) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=74.28, P<0.001). The migration rates of KYSE30 cells in control group were higher than those of si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.010; P<0.001). The migration rates of KYSE410 cells in control group and si-ALKBH5-1 group, si-ALKBH5-2 group were (38.70±0.41) %, (28.27±1.01) % and (19.40±0.47) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=400.20, P<0.001). The migration rates of KYSE410 cells in control group were higher than those of si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group (both P<0.001). Apoptosis test showed that the apoptosis rates of KYSE30 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were (9.59±0.88) % and (4.81±0.89) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=6.23, P=0.006). The apoptosis rates of KYSE150 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were (8.36±0.09) % and (6.42±0.19) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=12.90, P<0.001). The apoptosis rates of KYSE30 cells in control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were (4.31±0.19) %, (5.72±0.30) % and (8.94±0.71) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=53.46, P<0.001). The apoptosis rates in KYSE30 cells in control group were lower than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.049; P<0.001). The apoptosis rates of KYSE410 control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were (4.45±0.36) %, (5.40±0.11) % and (6.64±0.15) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=43.36, P<0.001). The apoptosis rates in KYSE410 cells in control group were lower than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.016; P<0.001). The differentially expressed gene IGF2BP3 was screened by the intersection of RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq techniques, and the RT-qPCR results showed that, the relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE30 were 1.01±0.10 and 1.41±0.10 in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=4.06, P=0.015). The relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE150 were 1.00±0.10 and 1.94±0.24 in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=5.08, P=0.007). The relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE410 were 1.01±0.14, 0.67±0.04 and 0.41±0.04 in control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=24.36, P=0.001). The relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE410 control group were higher than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.017; P=0.001) . Conclusions:ALKBH5 is underexpressed in ESCC cell lines, but the overexpression of ALKBH5 can promote the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells and inhibit cell apoptosis, which may be related to some negative feedback regulation mechanism. IGF2BP3 may be the downstream target of ALKBH5.

Objective:To summarize the medication law and academic experience of Professor Yuan Jinsheng in the treatment of angina pectoris (AP) of coronary heart disease (CHD) through R language data mining technique.Methods:The effective outpatient medical records of Professor Yuan Jinsheng in the treatment of AP of CHD from January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2023 were selected, and the R 4.2.3 was used for frequency statistics, association rule analysis, systematic clustering analysis and correlation analysis of prescription drugs.Results:A total of 292 prescriptions were included, including 268 patients, involving 204 kinds of Chinese materia medica, and the total frequency of Chinese materia medica was 4 253 times. The main properties were warm and neutral, the main tastes were bitter, pungent and sweet, and the main meridians were spleen, lung and liver meridians. The analysis of association rules obtained 125 core TCM combinations, and the commonly used drug pair was Trichosanthis Fructus-Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. The core prescription composed of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Trichosanthis Fructus, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Seven TCM groups of were obtained by systematic clustering analysis. Correlation analysis showed that the drug pairs with phi coefficient greater than 0.6 were in 8 groups.Conclusions:Studies suggest that AP of CHD is located in the heart, which is related to lung, spleen, liver and kidney, deficiency in root and excess in superficiality, phlegm, blood stasis and qi stagnation are important pathological factors. The treatment is based on the basic principles of tonifying qi, promoting yang, relieving rheumatism, resolving phlegm, activating blood circulation, and promoting qi circulation. It embodies Professor Yuan's academic thoughts and principles of differentiation and treatments of "taking fluency as the main point, regulating the five internal organs and weighing the root and superficiality".