Lung cancer still ranks first among malignant tumors in the world and China. Although surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and other treatments can delay patients' lives， thorny problems remain to be solved， such as adverse reactions after intervention， patient resistance to treatment， and the economic burden of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） featuring a holistic view advocates macro interventions throughout the entire disease cycle， which has the advantages of reducing toxicity， improving efficiency， and enhancing patients' quality of life. The theory of ''sensation and response'' was first recorded in the book of I-Ching. This is the natural law of mutual induction， influence， and interaction among all things in nature. According to the theory of ''Qi monism'' and the proposal of regulating Qi movement and removing toxin by Professor Hua Baojin， we re-examine lung cancer from the primitive thinking in TCM and explain the relevance of Qi movement changes to the occurrence， progression， and treatment of lung cancer. The core pathogeneses of lung cancer are the deficiency of healthy Qi and invasion of deficiency pathogen resulting in the formation of cancer and the internal generation of cancer toxin leading to intermediate dysfunction. Six excesses and Yin pathogen invade and gradually accumulate in the lung and spleen， leading to the generation of cancer toxin， which eventually evolve into lung cancer. The treatment can be based on the theories of five elements and visceral manifestation from three aspects. First， on the basis of syndrome differentiation， medicinal materials of different flavors can be used. Specifically， pungent medicinal materials can be used for dredging and sweet medicinal materials can be used for tonifying. Second， medicinal materials with similar morphology or origin to that in the human body can be used for treating the diseases in corresponding sites. Finally， corrigent medicinal materials can be combined for two-way regulation. These measures can be applied in lung cancer treatment to optimize the prevention and treatment strategies and provide new research directions for TCM diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Dry eye disease is a chronic ocular surface disorder of multifactorial origin, characterized by a loss of tear film homeostasis and associated with a range of ocular discomfort symptoms. Growing evidence underscores a significant bidirectional relationship between dry eye and depression: individuals with dry eye disease exhibit a higher prevalence of depressive disorders, and conversely, those diagnosed with depression demonstrate an increased susceptibility to developing dry eye. This interplay is mediated through several pathophysiological pathways, such as chronic inflammation, cerebral functional alterations, gut microbiome dysregulation, and sleep disturbances, which may collectively sustain a vicious cycle. The use of antidepressant therapy introduces further complexity, exerting heterogeneous effects on dry eye—some agents may offer symptomatic relief, whereas others can aggravate ocular surface impairment. The mechanisms responsible for these differential outcomes remain incompletely elucidated and merit further investigation. This review systematically consolidates epidemiological data on the dry eye-depression link, examines potential shared pathological mechanisms, and evaluates current therapeutic options. We propose an integrated management approach that combines conventional dry eye treatments, such as traditional Chinese medicine, electroacupuncture, physical activity and antidepressants—a multimodal strategy that may yield synergistic benefits in alleviating both ocular and affective symptoms, thereby improving overall quality of life. Moving forward, research should focus on deciphering the underlying mechanistic pathways and facilitating the translation of these insights into clinical practice to inform targeted, combined treatment regimens for patients with dry eye and depression.

Objective To explore the feasibility and reference value of allogeneic lung transplantation and postoperative monitoring in miniature pigs for lung transplantation research. Methods Two miniature pigs (R1 and R2) underwent left lung allogeneic transplantation. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity tests and blood cross-matching were performed before surgery. The main operative times and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂) after opening the pulmonary artery were recorded during surgery. Postoperatively, routine blood tests, biochemical blood indicators and inflammatory factors were detected, and pathological examinations of multiple organs were conducted. Results The complement-dependent cytotoxicity test showed that the survival rate of lymphocytes between donors and recipients was 42.5%-47.3%, and no agglutination reaction occurred in the cross-matching. The first warm ischemia times of D1 and D2 were 17 min and 10 min, respectively, and the cold ischemia times were 246 min and 216 min, respectively. Ultimately, R1 and R2 survived for 1.5 h and 104 h, respectively. Postoperatively, in R1, albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) decreased, and alanine aminotransferase increased; in R2, ALB, GLB and aspartate aminotransferase all increased. Urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased in both recipients. Pathological results showed that in R1, the transplanted lung had partial consolidation with inflammatory cell infiltration, and multiple organs were congested and damaged. In R2, the transplanted lung had severe necrosis with fibrosis, and multiple organs had mild to moderate damage. The expression levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 increased in the transplanted lungs. Conclusions The allogeneic lung transplantation model in miniature pigs may systematically evaluate immunological compatibility, intraoperative function and postoperative organ damage. The data obtained may provide technical references for subsequent lung transplantation research.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Mitoxantrone liposomes （Lipo-MIT） on the proliferation， migration and cancer stem cell （CSCs） stemness of ovarian cancer cells， as well as to explore its mechanism of action based on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （AKT） pathway. METHODS The effects of Lipo-MIT on cell proliferation， migration and the stemness characteristics of CSCs were investigated through in vitro experiments. A human ovarian cancer A2780 cells xenograft tumor model of nude mouse was established to explore the effects of Lipo-MIT at doses of 2 and 5 mg/kg on the safety of tumor-bearing mice， as well as in vivo tumor growth and the pathological characteristics of tumor tissues. The influence of Lipo-MIT on the expression levels of PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins， epithelial-mesenchymal transition related proteins， and stemness related proteins in both cells and tumor tissues was also investigated. RESULTS The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of Lipo-MIT against A2780， SK-OV3， and OV-CAR5 cells were 0.72， 5.41， and 2.77 μmol/L， respectively. Compared with solvent control （0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide）， 0.5-2.5 μmol/L Lipo-MIT significantly reduced the cell colony formation rate， shortened the cell migration distance， decreased the number of migrated cells， down-regulated the protein expression of N-cadherin， up-regulated the protein expression of E-cadherin （P＜0.05）， and also decreased the stem cell sphere formation frequency and down-regulated the protein expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 （ALDH1A1） （P＜0.05）. Additionally， 1.0 and 2.5 μmol/L Lipo-MIT significantly reduced the stem cell sphere formation probability and down-regulated the protein expression of sex determining region Y box protein 2 in cells （P＜0.05）. In vivo experimental results demonstrated that 2， 5 mg/kg Lipo-MIT had no significant effects on the body weight， food intake， water intake， and organ （heart， liver， spleen， lung， and kidney） indices of tumor-bearing nude mice （P＞0.05）， but could significantly improve the pathological changes of tumor tissues and remarkably inhibit the protein expressions of N-cadherin， CD133 and ALDH1A1（ only at 5 mg/kg Lipo-MIT）， up-regulate the expression of E- cadherin （only at 5 mg/kg Lipo-MIT） in tumor tissues （P＜0.05）. Lipo-MIT at different concentrations/doses significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT proteins in cells/tumor tissues （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Lipo-MIT can inhibit the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells and the stemness by suppressing the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Objective To explore the feasibility of recombinant factor C(rFC) method for quantitative detection of bacterial endotoxin in recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine(CHO cells), and to provide more basis for the application of this method.Methods The standard curve of bacterial endotoxin was plotted by rFC method reagent, the dilution factor was determined through interference pre-experiment, the recovery rate of spiked endotoxin in the test solution was determined, and the quantitative detection test of bacterial endotoxin content in the test product was completed. The effect of aluminum adjuvant content on endotoxin detection was investigated, and the results were compared with those of the kinetic chromogenic assay and the gel clotting method described in current pharmacopeia.Results The linear range of the standard curve was 0. 05-50 EU/mL. The test sample diluted 50, 100 and 200 times did not interfere with the reaction, and the recovery rate of bacterial endotoxin fell in the range of 50% to 200%. The endotoxin quantitative test results of the three batches of test products all met the requirements, and were consistent with the gel clotting method. The Correl function correlation coefficient between aluminum adjuvant content an d endotoxin recovery rate determined by rFC method was-0. 828 3,showing a strong negative correlation.Conclusion The rFC method can be used for the quantitative detection of bacterial endotoxin in recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine(CHO cells), with accurate results and high precision, and can reduce or even eradicate the usage of limulus resources, conforming to the 3R principle of world animal welfare.

Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

ObjectiveTo construct a scale for the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） with turbid toxin accumulating in the stomach. MethodsFirst， a research group was established to construct the scale framework. Relevant literature of CAG with syndrome of turbid toxin accumulating in the stomach was searched in CNKI， Wanfang Database （WF）， and VIP Database （CQVIP） from April 1， 2003 to April 1， 2023， and items were preliminarily selected after standardization of terms. Through clinical investigation， the discrete trend method， correlation coefficient method， Cronbach's coefficient method， and factor analysis method were used to screen symptom items， and the frequency method was used to screen signs， tongue coating， and pulse conditions. Three rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted to determine the items of the scale. The weight of each item was obtained by the analytic hierarchy process. ResultsA total of 49 articles were included， and 45 items were obtained after primary screening， including 28 symptoms， 2 signs， 10 tongue coatings， and 5 pulse conditions. After clinical investigation， 15 symptoms were retained， and 8 signs and pulse conditions of tongue coating were retained. The positive coefficients of experts in three rounds of Delphi expert consultation were 100%， 96.67%， and 100%， respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.86， 0.87， and 0.87， respectively， and the coordination coefficients were 0.18， 0.25， and 0.30. After core group discussion， Delphi method investigation， and AHP weight assignment， the diagnostic scale items of CAG with turbid toxin accumulating in stomach syndrome were finally established， namely， dark red or purplish tongue proper with yellow greasy （or dry） coating （30 points）， epigastric stuffiness and fullness or pain （15 points）， sticky and unsmooth defecation （10 points）， taste disturbance （sticky mouth， fetid breath， bitter taste， 7 points）， heartburn or acid regurgitation （6 points）， dizziness and clouding （5 points）， general heaviness and fatigue （5 points）， slippery， string‑slippery， or slippery‑rapid pulse （5 points）， dysuria （or yellow or deep yellow urine， 4 points）， poor appetite （4 points）， dull complexion （3 points）， sticky， greasy， and fetid secretions （3 points）， and poor sleep （3 points）. ConclusionBased on the establishment， screening， confirmation， and weighting of an item pool， combined with subjective and objective approaches as well as qualitative and quantitative methods， a diagnostic scale for CAG with the syndrome of turbid toxin accumulating in the stomach was successfully constructed.

Indobufen is a new generation of antiplatelet agents and has been shown to have antithrombotic effects in animal models. However, its therapeutic potential and mechanisms against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo neuroprotective effects of indobufen through both pretreatment and posttreatment regimens in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were employed to investigate the relationship between indobufen and the pyroptosis-associated NF-κB/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. The pharmacodynamic tests revealed that indobufen ameliorated I/R injury by decreasing the level of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), infarct size, brain edema and neurological impairment in rats and rescuing cell pyroptosis in HUVECs. The underlying mechanisms were probably related to pyroptosis suppression by regulating the NF-κB/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Overall, these studies indicate that indobufen exerts protective and therapeutic effects against I/R injury by pyroptosis suppression via downregulating NF-κB/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway.

Bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis (BHD) is a rare cutaneous manifestation characterized by tense hemorrhagic bullae that appear at sites distant from low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) injections, typically within seven days of exposure. As of March 2022, only 94 cases have been reported. It most commonly affects elderly males with predisposing factors for thromboembolism, such as carcinoma, and usually involves the extremities.

This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis (BHD) in patients receiving low molecular weight heparin, even beyond the typical 7-day window and in demographics not commonly affected. Early recognition and prompt discontinuation of the offending agent, as demonstrated in this atypical presentation involving a Filipino elderly woman with multiple comorbidities and no malignancy, can lead to favorable outcomes. Clinicians should be aware of this rare but reversible complication to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate management.

Human ; Female ; Aged: 65-79 Yrs Old ; Affect ; Aged ; Blister ; Carcinoma ; Causality ; Demography ; Diagnostic Errors ; Enoxaparin ; Extremities ; Heparin ; Heparin, Low-molecular-weight ; Index ; Injections ; Lead ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Neoplasms ; Patients ; Research Report ; Skin Diseases ; Thromboembolism ; Women

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

The incidence of ischemic stroke typically increases with age; however, recent studies have shown a concerning trend of stroke cases among adults under the age of 45. This neurologic condition is called “Stroke in the Young” (SITY). SITY poses public health concerns due to its long-term consequences on individuals and their families. Despite significant impact, published literature on SITY among Filipinos is scarce. Given the potential differences in genetic background and lifestyle, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SITY Filipinos may vary considerably from other populations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the clinical features and outcomes of ischemic SITY Filipinos.

METHODS

The study was a two-center, five-year retro- spective cohort design involving 19- to 45-year-old  patients admitted between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, diagnosed clinically and radiologically with ischemic stroke for the first time. Medical records were reviewed, including demographic data, stroke symptoms, cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular risk factors, and laboratory results. Ischemic stroke subtypes were categorized into cardioembolic, small artery occlusion, stroke of other determined causes, and stroke of undetermined cause through the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Functional outcomes on hospital discharge were assessed by the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS software, version 29).

RESULTS

A total of 205 cases of ischemic SITY were chart reviewed. The mean age was 37.30, with a female predominance of 68.3%. The most reported cardiovascular risk factors were obesity (56.6%), hypertension (51.2%), heavy alcohol consumption (36.5%), and diabetes mellitus type 2 (19.5%). Concurrently, the non-cardiovascular risk factors identified were pregnancy, particularly in the postpartum period (4.8%), use of estrogen-containing pills (4.8%), and migraine without aura (4.4%). Based on TOAST classification, small vessel occlusion (42.1%) and large artery atherosclerosis (30.2%) were the most frequent ischemic stroke subtypes of SITY Filipino females. Mostly showed no symptoms of disability (35.1%) on hospital discharge.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the difference in the clinical profile of young Filipino adults with ischemic stroke. Contrary to previous studies, ischemic stroke was more predominant among young females. Aside from hypertension, obesity has emerged as the leading cardio- vascular risk factor for ischemic SITY. Moreover, noncardiovascular risk factors, specific to females (pregnancy, use of estrogen-containing pills, and migraine), were also identified in the study. With regards to stroke subtypes, small vessel occlusion and large artery atherosclerosis were frequently seen in young female patients. These f indings suggest a need for gender-specific approaches in the evaluation, management, and prevention of ischemic SITY.

Human ; Young Adult: 19-24 Yrs Old ; Ischemic Stroke