Objective:To investigate the efficacy of urethral catheter balloon dilation in the treatment of bulbar urethral stricture during transurethral bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate (TUPEP).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 65 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by urethral stricture, who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2021 to January 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on the intraoperative treatment of urethral stricture: the conventional group (32 cases) and the catheter group (33 cases). There were no significant differences between the conventional group and the catheter group in terms of age [(61.8±5.8) years vs. (63.0±5.0) years], body mass index [(25.0±2.5) kg/m 2 vs. (25.8±2.4) kg/m 2], international prostate symptom score [(22.6±3.3) vs. (23.0±3.7)], maximum urinary flow rate [(10.8±2.1) ml/s vs. (9.7±2.6) ml/s], residual urine volume [(108.8±20.6) ml vs. (100.6±18.9) ml], and prostate volume [(42.72±4.66) cm 3 vs. (42.99±5.83) cm 3] ( P>0.05). Both groups underwent TUPEP. In the conventional group, urethral dilators were used intraoperatively to gradually expand from F18/20 to F29. In the catheter group, an F22 urethral catheter balloon was used for hydrostatic dilation, with 0.5 ml of water injected each time, and repeated until successful(F27 sheath could pass through the stricture, and the scope could move freely with normal amplitude and clear vision) or until the total injected volume reached 4.0 ml. The following parameters were observed, icluding urethral orifice and endoscopic bleeding after dilation, operation time, postoperative catheter indwelling time, hospital stay, urinary tract infection (positive urine culture) during the postoperative period until discharge, and recurrence of urethral stricture within 6 months postoperatively (patients reported weak urinary stream, and F21 cystoscopy failed to pass through the stricture). Results:All surgeries were successfully completed, and intraoperative dilation was successful in all cases. The operation times for the conventional group and the catheter group were (144.9±30.1) minutes and (134.6±29.2) minutes, respectively, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). In the catheter group, the maximum injected volumes at successful dilation were 2.5 ml, 3.0 ml, 3.5 ml, and 4.0 ml in 5 cases(15.2%), 13 cases(39.4%), 10 cases(30.3%), and 5 cases(15.2%), respectively. In the conventional group, 5 cases(15.6%) had urethral mucosal tears, and 1 case (3.1%) developed a false passage. In the catheter group, only droplet bleeding was observed, with no mucosal tears or false passages. There were no significant differences between the conventional group and the catheter group in postoperative catheter indwelling time [(7.3±1.5) days vs. (6.8±1.5) days] or hospital stay [(5.9±1.5) days vs. (5.3±1.2) days] ( P>0.05). The catheter group had lower rates of postoperative urinary tract infection [(6 cases) 18.2% vs. (11 cases) 34.4%, P=0.037] and recurrence of urethral stricture within 6 months postoperatively [(1 case) 3.0% vs. (6 cases) 18.8%, P=0.041] compared to the conventional group. Conclusions:For mild bulbar urethral stricture discovered during TUPEP, urethral catheter balloon dilation is safe and feasible, with less bleeding at the dilation site and lower risks of postoperative urinary tract infection or urethral stricture recurrence.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of urethral catheter balloon dilation in the treatment of bulbar urethral stricture during transurethral bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate (TUPEP).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 65 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by urethral stricture, who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2021 to January 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on the intraoperative treatment of urethral stricture: the conventional group (32 cases) and the catheter group (33 cases). There were no significant differences between the conventional group and the catheter group in terms of age [(61.8±5.8) years vs. (63.0±5.0) years], body mass index [(25.0±2.5) kg/m 2 vs. (25.8±2.4) kg/m 2], international prostate symptom score [(22.6±3.3) vs. (23.0±3.7)], maximum urinary flow rate [(10.8±2.1) ml/s vs. (9.7±2.6) ml/s], residual urine volume [(108.8±20.6) ml vs. (100.6±18.9) ml], and prostate volume [(42.72±4.66) cm 3 vs. (42.99±5.83) cm 3] ( P>0.05). Both groups underwent TUPEP. In the conventional group, urethral dilators were used intraoperatively to gradually expand from F18/20 to F29. In the catheter group, an F22 urethral catheter balloon was used for hydrostatic dilation, with 0.5 ml of water injected each time, and repeated until successful(F27 sheath could pass through the stricture, and the scope could move freely with normal amplitude and clear vision) or until the total injected volume reached 4.0 ml. The following parameters were observed, icluding urethral orifice and endoscopic bleeding after dilation, operation time, postoperative catheter indwelling time, hospital stay, urinary tract infection (positive urine culture) during the postoperative period until discharge, and recurrence of urethral stricture within 6 months postoperatively (patients reported weak urinary stream, and F21 cystoscopy failed to pass through the stricture). Results:All surgeries were successfully completed, and intraoperative dilation was successful in all cases. The operation times for the conventional group and the catheter group were (144.9±30.1) minutes and (134.6±29.2) minutes, respectively, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). In the catheter group, the maximum injected volumes at successful dilation were 2.5 ml, 3.0 ml, 3.5 ml, and 4.0 ml in 5 cases(15.2%), 13 cases(39.4%), 10 cases(30.3%), and 5 cases(15.2%), respectively. In the conventional group, 5 cases(15.6%) had urethral mucosal tears, and 1 case (3.1%) developed a false passage. In the catheter group, only droplet bleeding was observed, with no mucosal tears or false passages. There were no significant differences between the conventional group and the catheter group in postoperative catheter indwelling time [(7.3±1.5) days vs. (6.8±1.5) days] or hospital stay [(5.9±1.5) days vs. (5.3±1.2) days] ( P>0.05). The catheter group had lower rates of postoperative urinary tract infection [(6 cases) 18.2% vs. (11 cases) 34.4%, P=0.037] and recurrence of urethral stricture within 6 months postoperatively [(1 case) 3.0% vs. (6 cases) 18.8%, P=0.041] compared to the conventional group. Conclusions:For mild bulbar urethral stricture discovered during TUPEP, urethral catheter balloon dilation is safe and feasible, with less bleeding at the dilation site and lower risks of postoperative urinary tract infection or urethral stricture recurrence.

Purpose/Significance The disposal rate of wearable devices is high after use,and analyzing the influencing factors of their continuous usage is conducive to exploring the scheme to promote the continuous usage of wearable devices.Method/Process The paper conducts literature research on relevant researches at home and abroad,and analyzes the research status of continuous usage of wearable devices from four aspects:literature background,theoretical trends,research perspectives and influencing factors.Result/Con-clusion The theoretical research of wearable devices is mainly based on expectation confirmation model;there are two main perspectives based on wearable device application scenarios:health and exercise;the key influencing factors of continuous usage intention for wearable devices are perceived value,positive emotion,perceived risk,user traits and device characteristics.

【Objective】 To learn the production efficient of platelet components among prefecture-level blood stations in China, to provide supporting data for those blood stations to optimize the production mode of platelet components and continuously improve production efficiency and supply capacity. 【Methods】 The data from 2017 to 2020 was obtained from 24 prefecture-level blood stations who were the members of the practice comparison network for blood institutes in China. The collection units of apheresis platelets, the number of dual-collections of apheresis platelets and plasma, the average apheresis units of one platelet apheresis procedure, the discarded rate of apheresis platelets, the amount of expired apheresis platelets and the amount of apheresis platelets issued were collected. For concentrated platelets, the prepared amount of platelet concentrates and the amount of expired platelet concentrates were collected; both the quantity of qualified and issued concentrated platelets were submitted for statistical analysis.The total output and efficiency of platelet components were calculated based on the collected data. 【Results】 The average annual growth rate of apheresis platelets collection in 24 prefecture-level blood stations was 12.23%, accounting for 99.80% of the total platelet output; the average collection unit of one platelets apheresis procedure was 1.75; from 2019 to 2020, only 5 blood stations performed dual-collection of platelet and plasma during one apheresis procedure; the discarded rate of apheresis platelets was 0.28%, of which 0.007% was due to expiration. A total of 1 621.2 therapeutic units of concentrated platelets were prepared, and 13.03% of them was discarded due to the expiration. The production efficiency of platelet components was 97.56%, of which the production efficiency of apheresis platelets was 97.61% and the production efficiency of concentrated platelets was 74.43%. 【Conclusion】 There are large regional differences in the supply capacity of platelet components in prefecture-level blood stations. Apheresis platelets are the main resource of platelet components product, and the collection capacity is increasing over the years with the characteristics of high production efficiency and low expiration scrapping rate. However, the preparation of concentrated platelets are still limited with relatively low production and high expiration discarded rate.

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological features of adult patients with distal femoral fracture between the east and west areas in China from 2010 to 2011.Methods The data of adult patients with distal femoral fracture treated from January 2010 through December 2011 in 63 hospitals were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.The data from 35 hospitals in the east area were classified as group A and those from 28 hospitals in the west area as group B.The analytic items included gender,age and AO classification.Results A total of 2,523 adult distal femoral fractures were collected,involving i,544 males and 979 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.58:1.The adult femoral fractures predominated in an age range from 41 to 50 years (18.94％) and their high-risk type was 33-A (50.18％).In group A of 1,650 cases,there were 1,027 males and 623 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.65:1 and a median age of 48 years;in group B of 873 cases,there were 517 males and 356 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.45:1 and a median age of 45 years.There were no significant differences in the age distribution and gender proportion between groups A and B (P ＞ 0.05).The age distribution showed that the peak ranges were from 31 to 60 years in both groups.The proportion of type 33-A was the most and that of type 33-B the least in both groups.The proportion of type 33-A in group B (53.49％) was significantly higher than in group A (48.42％) while that of type 33-B in group B (16.84％) was significantly lower than in group A (21.39％) (P ＜ O.05).Conclusions Adult distal femoral fractures were common in middle-aged males and their high-risk type was 33-A.Their peak age was from 31 to 60 years in both east and west areas in China.They were more common in men.The predominant fracture type was 33-A in both areas.The east area witnessed a significant higher proportion of type 33-B and a significant lower proportion of type 33-A than the west area.

BACKGROUND:Tripterygium wilfordi and its certain monomers have exact clinical effects on rheumatoid arthritis. However, there are few studies about a systematic discussion on pharmacodynamic material basis and molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordi. OBJECTIVE:To explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and molecular mechanism ofTripterygium wilfordi in treating rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Based on the platform of Discovery Studio 4.0, the molecular set of Tripterygium wilfordiwas built and compared with the rheumatoid arthritis drug set from Therapeutic Target Database in chemical space. After that, network pharmacology was used to explore the interactions ofTripterygium wilfordi and therapeutic targets related to rheumatoid arthritis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The molecular sets ofTripterygium wilfordi and drugs for treating rheumatoid arthritis had similar chemical space. The pharmacodynamic material basis ofTripterygium wilfordi had 46 compounds, such as celacinnine, epigalocatechin, euonine, triptolide. They could mediate inflammation, regulate immune response, inhibit cartilage and bone destruction, improve blood stasis-type rheumatoid arthritis by acting on 10 targets, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, JAK-1, matrix metaloproteinase-1, matrix metaloproteinase-3, matrix metaloproteinase-9. Computer simulation could intuitively trace out the multi-ingredient, multi-target and multi-pathway effects of Tripterygium wilfordi.

BACKGROUND:Tougu Xiaotong Capsule (TGXTC) is a clinical prescription for the treatment of osteoarthritis;however, its mechanism has not been ful y elucidated. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system participating in the degradation of the extracel ular matrix of articular cartilage and hyperplasia of joint synovium plays an important role in the pathological process of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of TGXTC medicated serum on the expression of uPA, uPA receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs), matrix metal oproteinase-3 (MMP-3), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in osteoarthritis synovial cel s of rats and to discuss the mechanism by TGXTC medicated serum prevents and cures osteoarthritis. METHODS:Rat models with knee osteoarthritis were established by injecting 4%papain into the knee joint cavity. Primary synoviocytes and osteoarthritis synoviocytes were cultured with col agenase digestion method. The cultured synoviocytes were divided into normal group, model group and TGXTC group. The western blot method was adopted to detect uPA, uPAR, PAI, MMP-3, IL-1βand TNF-αprotein expression of synoviocytes after acting by TGXTC medicated serum for 72 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of uPA, uPAR, MMP-3, IL-1βand TNF-αwere decreased, while PAI was increased in the TGXTC group, and there were significant differences when compared with model group. In a word, TGXTC can significantly inhibit the expression of uPA, uPAR, MMP-3, IL-1β, TNF-α, and improve PAI expression in synoviocytes, which may partly explain the mechanism of the treatment of Tougu Xiaotong Capsule on osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND:Tougu Xiaotong Capsule has pretty good clinical therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis of early and middle periods. However, the mechanism of Tougu Xiaotong Capsule is not ful y clarified. The RhoA GTPases can regulate chondrocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the Tougu Xiaotong Capsule on the expression of Rac1and Cdc42 in tumor necrosis factor-α-induced in vitro cultured rat articular chondrocytes, and to explore its mechanism of action for combating osteoarthritis.
METHODS:Knee cartilage of the 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats was used to stably establish in vitro culture system of chondrocytes. Passage 3 chondrocytes were identified by toluidine blue staining. Chondrocyte apoptosis was successful y induced by 20μg/L tumor necrosis factor-αand then Tougu Xiaotong Capsule at different dosage (500, 100, 20 mg/L) was given after 24-hour incubation. MTT assay was used to detect cellsurvival, flow cytrometry to measure mitochondrial membrane potential, and western blot assay to determine the protein expression of Rac1, Cdc42, Bax and Bcl-2.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tougu Xiaotong Capsule could reduce tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes to improve the survival rate of the cells, and at the same time, could down-regulate the protein expression of Rac1, Cdc42 and Bax and increase the protein expression of Bcl-2 significantly (P<0.05). Tougu Xiaotong Capsule possibly plays a therapeutic efficacy on osteoarthritis by reducing promote apoptosis Rac1, Cdc42 and Bax expression and increasing apoptosis inhibiting gene Bcl-2 expression, thereby to inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes.

Female ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis

BACKGROUND:Tougu Xiaotong capsule is the clinical prescription for the treatment of osteoarthritis, however, its mechanism has not been fuly elucidated. Urokinase type plasminogen activator system which participated in the degradation of the extracelular matrix of articular cartilage and hyperplasia of joint synovium plays an important role in the pathological process of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect ofTougu Xiaotong capsule on urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in knee cartilage tissues of knee osteoarthritis rats. METHODS: Of 144 Sprague-Dawley rats, 120 rats were randomly made into models of knee osteoarthritisvia intra-articular injection of papain, and randomly assigned to model group,Zhuanggu Guanjie Wan group [1.2 g/(kg?d)], low-doseTougu Xiaotong capsule group [0.092 g/(kg?d)], moderate-doseTougu Xiaotong capsule group [0.184 g/(kg?d)] and high-doseTougu Xiaotong capsule group [0.368 g/(kg?d)]. Each group contained 24 rats. Every 2 weeks was considered as a course, with a 2-day interval, totaly 4 courses. The remaining 24 normal rats were included in the blank group. After every two courses, a batch of experimental animals was sacrificed. The pathological changes were observed folowing staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The positive cels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor were measured by immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor were measured by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mankin’s score was significantly lower in theTougu Xiaotong capsule group and Zhuanggu Guanjie Wan group compared with the model group (P < 0.01), in a time-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the positive cels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor were significantly decreased, but plasminogen activator inhibitor was significantly increased in theTougu Xiaotong capsule group andZhuanggu Guanjie Wangroup in a time-dependent manner. Western blot assay results had an identical trend to immunohistochemistry. These indicated thatTougu Xiaotong capsule showed preventive and therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis by regulating urokinase-type plasminogen activator system.