Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world, seriously affecting human health. Clinically, the abnormal values of myocardial injury markers are often detected to reflect the severity of myocardial injury and used as a reference index for screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of myocardial injury (abnormality). In this paper, the classification of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites were introduced, and the research progress of electrochemical protein sensors, electrochemical immunosensors, and electrochemical aptamer sensors based on MOF composites for the detection of markers of myocardial injury was reviewed.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of the curcumin derivative bisdemethoxycurcumin （BC） promoting neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells Neuro-2a （N2a） in mice and its mechanism. METHODS The effects of BC （1， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10 μmol/L） on the viability of N2a cells were detected by MTT assay to determine the concentration range of drug treatment. The control group， retinoic acid （RA） group （10 μmol/L） and BC groups （1， 2 and 4 μmol/L） were set up， and the length of neural protrusions of the differentiated cells was measured and the cell differentiation rate was calculated after 48 h and 72 h of culture. Compared with 0 min group， Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B （Akt）， extracellular- signal regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2）， and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38） proteins in cells treated by 4 μmol/L BC for 5， 15， 30， 60， 120 min. After intervention with inhibitors LY294002 （LY） and PD98059 （PD）， the effects of BC on Akt and ERK1/2 protein phosphorylation levels and promoting neural differentiation were further validated. RESULTS According to the MTT experiment， the BC concentrations for subsequent induction of cell differentiation were determined to be 1， 2， and 4 μmol/L. After 48 hours of differentiation， compared with the control group， the cell differentiation rate in RA group and BC 1， 2 and 4 μmol/L groups， the length of cellular neural processes wjxhhxx413@163.com in the BC 4 μmol/L group significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；after inducing differentiation of BC for 72 hours，compared with the control group， the cell differentiation rate and the length of cellular neural processes in the RA group， the cell differentiation rate in the BC 4 μmol/L group， and the length of cellular neural processes in the BC 2 μmol/L group all significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）.Compared with the 0 min group， the phosphorylation levels of Akt， ERK1/2， and p38 proteins in cells of the 5， 15， 30， 60 and 120 min groups increased to varying degrees after treated by 4 μmol/L BC， and some differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After adding the inhibitor LY/PD， compared with the BC group， the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 protein in the PD+BC group cells were significantly reduced （P＜0.01）， and the cell differentiation rates in the LY group， LY+BC group， PD group， and PD+BC group was significantly reduced （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS BC promotes N2a cell differentiation mainly by increasing cell differentiation rate and neural protrusion length. The mechanism may be related to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Objective:This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of cladribine, smustine, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and cytarabine (C+SCAV) and smustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (SEAM) conditioning regimens in autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) .Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 NHL patients who received auto-HSCT in the Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, from March 2018 to May 2021. The C + SCAV group and SEAM group had 19 and 42 patients, respectively.Results:① Among the 61 patients with NHL, 37 were male and 24 were female. The median age was 48 (21-66) years old. There were 19 cases in the C+SCAV group and 42 cases in the SEAM group. There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups ( P>0.05) . ② The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment in the C+SCAV cohort were 10 (8-15) days and 13 (9-22) days, respectively, which does not differ from the SEAM group ( P=0.103, P=0.403) . ③ No differences existed between the two groups in terms of survival. The 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) was (76.5±10.3) % for patients receiving C+SCAV and (78.4±6.8) % for those who received SEAM ( P=0.841) . The 1-year overall survival was 100.0% for the C+SCAV group and 95.2±3.3% for the SEAM group ( P=0.339) . ④The 1-year PFS of patients with complete remission in the C+SCAV group was similar to those who in the SEAM group [ (92.3±7.4) % vs (82.5±7.2) %, P=0.406]. ⑤ The incidence of non-hematological serious adverse events (≥ grade 3) in the C+SCAV group and SEAM group were 10.5% (2/19) and 40.5% (17/42) ( P=0.013) , the incidence of severe mucositis was 5.3% (1/19) and 31.0% (13/42) ( P=0.015) , and the incidence of severe infection (≥ grade 3) was 10.5% (2/19) and 19.0% (8/42) ( P=0.389) , respectively. Conclusion:C + SCAV conditioning regimen appeared to be no different from the SEAM regimen in terms of survival. It can lower the incidence of SAE and does not increase the risk of severe infection. As a result, it can be used as an alternative conditioning regimen for lymphoma patients undergoing auto-HSCT.

Objective:To construct a prognostic model for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCLC) based on autophagy-related genes analyzed by bioinformatics and validate it.Methods:Expression profile data and clinical information of 268 SqCLC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and a dataset of normal lung tissues of 336 healthy people was downloaded from the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) database; the autophagy-related genome was obtained from the GO_AUTOPHAGY genome of the Human Autophagy Database (HADb) and the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB) 6.2. R 4.0.3 software was applied to analyze the differentially expressed genes between SqCLC tissues in TCGA database and normal lung tissues in GTEx database. Screening of autophagy-related genes differentially expressed between SqCLC tissues and normal lung tissues in the TCGA database (referred to as differentially expressed autophagy genes) was performed using R 4.0.3 software. The Cox proportional risk model was applied to analyze the relationship between the differentially expressed autophagy genes and prognosis of SqCLC patients in TCGA database, and a prognostic model was constructed. The SqCLC patients in TCGA database were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group based on the median risk score of the prognostic model, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the overall survival of the two groups; the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of 268 patients in TCGA database predicted by the prognostic model was plotted. Cox regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of overall survival of SqCLC patients in TCGA database, and the prognostic index formula was established. Based on the consistency index and restricted mean survival (RMS) curve, the predictive efficacy for the survival of patients in TCGA database between prognostic index of prognostic model risk score alone and prognostic index of risk score combined with independent influencing factors was compared. R 4.0.3 software was used to construct the nomogram for predicting patients' 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates.Results:Six prognosis related differentially expressed autophagy genes were screened, and a prognostic model was constructed as: risk score=PEX14×0.337+CASPASE-8×(-0.280)+TM9SF1×0.292+UBB×0.472+P4HB×0.163+CTSA×0.173. In TCGA database, the overall survival of high-risk group was worse than that of low-risk group ( P < 0.001). Time-dependent ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the prognostic model risk score for predicting the 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of 268 patients in TCGA database was 0.715, 0.715 and 0.831, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, staging and prognostic model risk score were independent factors affecting the overall survival of SqCLC patients in TCGA database, and the prognostic index=0.998×risk score+0.725×staging+0.559×age. The RMS curve showed that compared with the prognostic model risk score, the prognostic index combined with 3 independent prognostic factors had a better effect on predicting the overall survival (consistency index: 0.68 vs. 0.65, P =0.045). Using age, staging and prognostic model risk score, a nomogram was constructed to predict the survival of patients with SqCLC, and its calibration curve was close to the ideal curve. Conclusions:A prognostic model of SqCLC based on 6 characteristic differentially expressed autophagy-related genes has been successfully established. Internal validation shows that this model combined with other clinicopathological factors could be helpful in predicting the survival of SqCLC patients.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell has achieved excellent efficacy in hematological tumors, especially for lymphoma. Many products have been approved to market all over the world, and 2 products targeting CD19 have been approved to treat relapsed and refractory large B-cell lymphoma in China. The current experiences of using CAR-T cells come from previous clinical studies. How to use CAR-T cells in a standardized and rationalized way is still a challenge faced by our clinicians. Based on the CAR-T cell treatment experiences from Peking University Cancer Hospital and the latest research progresses in CAR-T in China and abroad, this article will elaborate on patient screening, peripheral blood mononuclear cell collection, bridging treatment, lymphocyte depletion chemotherapy, CAR-T cell infusion, the monitoring and treatment of adverse events after infusion, and long-term follow-up after infusion, in order to guide clinicians to better use CAR-T cell and to bring maximum benefits to patients.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between 24 h blood pressure variability and early neurological improvement (ENI) in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) after endovascular thrombectomy (ET).Methods:Patients with LVO received ET in the Emergency Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2012 to February 2018 were enrolled retrospectively. During the first 24 h after ET, the blood pressure was recorded every 2 h, and blood pressure variability was evaluated by standard deviation (SD) and successive variation (SV). At 24 h after ET, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was evaluated again. The re-evaluation of 0 point or a decrease of ≥4 from the baseline score was defined as ENI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between blood pressure variability and ENI. Results:A total of 74 patients with LVO received ET were enrolled, of which 39 (52.7%) had ENI. Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of patients with good recanalization in the ENI group after procedure were significantly higher than that in the non-ENI group ( P<0.05), while the average systolic blood pressure, average diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) -SD and SBPV-SV within 24 h after ET and baseline total cholesterol level were significantly lower than those in the non-ENI group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher SBPV-SV was an independent risk factor for non-ENI (odds ratio 1.223, 95% confidence interval 1.038-1.440; P=0.016). Conclusion:Higher SBPV-SV after ET is associated with poor early neurological improvement in patients with LVO, and it is expected to be a potential target for blood pressure management in patients after ET.

Objective:To explore the method of functional protection in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy by vestibular approach.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the case data of 66 patients who underwent transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy by vestibular approach in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Beijing Tongren Hospital from February 2018 to February 2020. There were 11 males and 55 females aged 22-64 years, including 19 patients with benign diseases and 47 patients with malignant diseases. Important neurological functions were protected by a combination of anatomical exposure and intraoperative nerve monitoring. The clinical data and the effect of neurofunctional protection were summarized. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:All operations were successfully completed with none transferred to open surgery. Three weeks after surgery, the numbness and tingling symptoms in the lower jaw and lower lip were basically relieved. There was no permanent mental nerve palsy, no permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy but 2 cases with temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, no external branch injury of superior laryngeal nerve. There were 3 cases of temporary parathyroid gland dysfunction, 1 case of neck infection, 2 cases of subcutaneous effusion, 1 case of neck skin injury, and 2 cases of postoperative eye conjunctivitis.Conclusion:In transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy by vestibular approach, anatomical exposure can decrease mental nerve injury, and anatomical exposure combined with intraoperative nerve monitoring can protect the functions of the external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is acute renal injury following administration of contrast media during angiographic or other medical procedures, which represents as the third cause of hospital-acquired renal failure. CIN is associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased health-care costs, and undesirable clinical outcome. The risk of CIN includes advanced age and diabetes mellitus. With the rapid development of iconography and the wide application of interventional techniques, the patients with CIN are increasing. The preventive measures of CIN include hydration, using appropriate contrast media, stopping nephrotoxic drugs, ischemic preconditioning, renal replacement therapy, and using appropriate drugs. In this paper, the current status and early prevention progress of CIN will be reviewed from three aspects of the high-risk factors, pathogenesis and prevention, aiming to provide guidance for the early prevention of CIN and explore new research directions.

Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is acute renal injury following administration of contrast media during angiographic or other medical procedures, which represents as the third cause of hospital-acquired renal failure. CIN is associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased health-care costs, and undesirable clinical outcome. The risk of CIN includes advanced age and diabetes mellitus. With the rapid development of iconography and the wide application of interventional techniques, the patients with CIN are increasing. The preventive measures of CIN include hydration, using appropriate contrast media, stopping nephrotoxic drugs, ischemic preconditioning, renal replacement therapy, and using appropriate drugs. In this paper, the current status and early prevention progress of CIN will be reviewed from three aspects of the high-risk factors, pathogenesis and prevention, aiming to provide guidance for the early prevention of CIN and explore new research directions.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Angiography ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Kidney Diseases ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the risk factors of reflux esophagitis after total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma patients.Methods Clinical data of 68 cases with reflux esophagitis after total gastrectomy in gastric carcinoma patients were analyzed retrospectively,the related risk factors of reflux esophagitis were analyzed.Results Reflux esophagitis showed correlations with type of surgery,cholecystectomy,patient somatotype,length of jejunal reservoir for stomach replacement.No correlations were found between reflux esophagitis and gender,age,stage of the tumor,length of esophageal excision,size of anastomosis.With the extension of postoperative time,the reflux esophagitis was gradually relieved.Conclusion There is a correlation between reflux esophagitis and type of surgery,history of cholecystectomy,patients' somatotype,length of jejunal reservoir for stomach replacement.