The development of atherosclerosis （AS） is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction and mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities. These alterations are fundamentally characterized by metabolic reprogramming， in which the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle serves as a central regulatory hub. Disruption of the homeostasis of TCA cycle intermediates， including succinate， α -ketoglutarate， and itaconate， contributes to AS progression through multiple mechanisms， such as the modulation of oxidative stress， inflammation， and glucose and lipid metabolic networks. Owing to their multi-target and multi-pathway regulatory properties， bioactive compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） have demonstrated unique advantages in correcting metabolic dysregulation. Flavonoids， glycosides， and other bioactive constituents of TCM can target key enzymes and metabolites involved in the TCA cycle， thereby restoring aberrant metabolic reprogramming， alleviating endothelial injury induced by oxidative stress， inflammation， and glucose and lipid metabolic disorders， ultimately improving metabolic homeostasis and attenuating the progression of AS.

The development of atherosclerosis （AS） is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction and mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities. These alterations are fundamentally characterized by metabolic reprogramming， in which the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle serves as a central regulatory hub. Disruption of the homeostasis of TCA cycle intermediates， including succinate， α -ketoglutarate， and itaconate， contributes to AS progression through multiple mechanisms， such as the modulation of oxidative stress， inflammation， and glucose and lipid metabolic networks. Owing to their multi-target and multi-pathway regulatory properties， bioactive compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） have demonstrated unique advantages in correcting metabolic dysregulation. Flavonoids， glycosides， and other bioactive constituents of TCM can target key enzymes and metabolites involved in the TCA cycle， thereby restoring aberrant metabolic reprogramming， alleviating endothelial injury induced by oxidative stress， inflammation， and glucose and lipid metabolic disorders， ultimately improving metabolic homeostasis and attenuating the progression of AS.

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of mechanically sensitive ion channel Piezo2 in mechanical allodynia of rats with low back pain induced by simulating the low-frequency vibration of a helicopter.Methods Low-frequency vibration(LFV)model with 3-dimensional 6 degrees of freedom was used to induce low back pain in awake rats in a sitting position.Twenty-four male SD rats(8 weeks old)were randomly divided into control(Ctrl)group and LFV group.HE staining was used to evaluate the injury of the multifidus muscle.Von Frey test was carried out to detect pain sensitivity.Open field test was employed to assess the spontaneous activity and anxiety.ELISA,Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the expression of NGF,TrkA and downstream molecule Piezo2.Dorsal root ganglia(DRG)neurons was isolated from SD rats and primarily cultured.After identified with immunofluorescence staining,the neurons were divided into the Ctrl group,the LFV group,and the LFV+D-GsMTx4(D-G4,an Piezo2 channel antagonist)group.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of Piezo2,and a calcium ion fluorescent probe was utilized to detect the intracellular Ca2+.The DRG neurons were pretreated with 50 ng/mL NGF for 1 h.Calcium ion fluorescent probe was used to observe the changes in intracellular Ca2+in the LFV group,the LFV+NGF group,and the LFV+NGF+D-G4 group.Results The rats of the LFV group showed abnormal morphology in multifidus muscles,accompanied with inflammatory cell infiltration,decreased paw withdrawal reflex threshold(P<0.05),and shortened total active time and active time in the centre,and decreased distance traveled in the centre(P<0.05),while prolonged total stationary time,stationary time in the periphery,and increased distance traveled in the periphery(P<0.05),and moreover,enhanced expression of Piezo2,NGF and TrkA in the DRG tissues(P<0.05).Cell experiments showed that compared with the Ctrl group,the expression of Piezo2 in the neurons was increased(P<0.05),and the intracellular Ca2+level was significantly elevated in the LFV group(P<0.05).Compared with the LFV group,the Ca2+level was higher in the LFV+NGF group(P<0.05),and the sensitization effect of NGF on Piezo2 was reversed after D-G4 treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion Sustained low-frequency vibration induces low back pain and mechanical allodynia in rats through the NGF-TrkA/Piezo2 pathway.

Objective:To explore the optimization potential of clinical target volume (CTV) delineation proposed in the guidelines of the Oncology Group (RTOG), the Francophone Group of Urological Radiotherapy (GFRU), and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) based on prostate bed local occurrence patterns after radical prostatectomy identified using prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with local prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy who underwent PSMA PET at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital from September 2021 to February 2024. The central point of each recurrence was marked. A six-zone method was established based on prostate bed anatomy and the characteristics of cross-sectional imaging. Then, the positional relationships (within or outside) were recorded with respect to recurrences and CTV defined by the RTOG, GFRU, and ESTRO (CTV RTOG, CTV GFRU, and CTV ESTRO), followed the analysis of the recurrence rates and distribution characteristics of various zones. Results:A total of 63 patients with prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy were enrolled in this study, including 97 recurrences. The recurrence rates in the six zones were as follows: 10% of zone 1, 22% of zone 2, 29% of zone 3, 2% of zone 4, 12% of zone 5a, 18% of zone 5b, and 7% of zone 6. Among these zones, zones 2 and 3 showed the highest and second-highest recurrence rates, respectively. CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO completely covered zones 2 and 3, while CTV RTOG covered zone 2 completely and zone 3 partially. Zone 4, characterized by a low recurrence rate, was not covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO but was entirely covered by CTV RTOG. Zone 5a, with a recurrence rate of 12%, was completely covered by CTV RTOG but was partially covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO. The range of 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder covered all recurrences in zone 5a. Conclusions:For CTV delineation of the prostate cancer surgical bed, zone 4, the anterior half of the bladder above the pubic symphysis midpoint, should be contracted due to the low recurrence rate in this zone. In contrast, the anterior boundary above the pubic symphysis midpoint should extend to 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder to completely cover the recurrence zones.

Objective:To explore the optimization potential of clinical target volume (CTV) delineation proposed in the guidelines of the Oncology Group (RTOG), the Francophone Group of Urological Radiotherapy (GFRU), and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) based on prostate bed local occurrence patterns after radical prostatectomy identified using prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with local prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy who underwent PSMA PET at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital from September 2021 to February 2024. The central point of each recurrence was marked. A six-zone method was established based on prostate bed anatomy and the characteristics of cross-sectional imaging. Then, the positional relationships (within or outside) were recorded with respect to recurrences and CTV defined by the RTOG, GFRU, and ESTRO (CTV RTOG, CTV GFRU, and CTV ESTRO), followed the analysis of the recurrence rates and distribution characteristics of various zones. Results:A total of 63 patients with prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy were enrolled in this study, including 97 recurrences. The recurrence rates in the six zones were as follows: 10% of zone 1, 22% of zone 2, 29% of zone 3, 2% of zone 4, 12% of zone 5a, 18% of zone 5b, and 7% of zone 6. Among these zones, zones 2 and 3 showed the highest and second-highest recurrence rates, respectively. CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO completely covered zones 2 and 3, while CTV RTOG covered zone 2 completely and zone 3 partially. Zone 4, characterized by a low recurrence rate, was not covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO but was entirely covered by CTV RTOG. Zone 5a, with a recurrence rate of 12%, was completely covered by CTV RTOG but was partially covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO. The range of 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder covered all recurrences in zone 5a. Conclusions:For CTV delineation of the prostate cancer surgical bed, zone 4, the anterior half of the bladder above the pubic symphysis midpoint, should be contracted due to the low recurrence rate in this zone. In contrast, the anterior boundary above the pubic symphysis midpoint should extend to 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder to completely cover the recurrence zones.

Undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma of the prostate is clinically rare. This article reports a case of a 29-year-old male who presented on February 7，2022，with a two-week history of localized pain in the perineal area and spermatic cord. The diagnosis of prostatic undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma was confirmed by imaging studies and prostate needle biopsy pathology. After consultation by the urologic oncology multidisciplinary team and considering the patient's preference，a treatment plan of radical radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy，immunotherapy，and targeted therapy was adopted，Partial stereotactic body radiotherapy（P-SBRT）was delivered to the tumor center with a total dose of 74.4 Gy，combined with cisplatin and pembrolizumab. Lung metastasis progression occurred 1.5 months after radiotherapy，and treatment was switched to a combination of pirarubicin，ifosfamide，pembrolizumab，and bevacizumab. After 39 months of follow-up，the disease remained well-controlled with preserved organ function and long-term survival. This case，utilizing a multidisciplinary comprehensive diagnosis and treatment model，provides a reference for organ-preserving non-surgical management in patients with prostate soft tissue sarcoma.

Objective:To assess the level of moral distress among pediatric nurses in China and explore its influencing factors, providing a reference for future interventions.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method from May 2022 to March 2023. Pediatric nurses meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from children′s specialized hospitals, general hospitals, and maternal and child health hospitals across 16 provinces in China. Moral distress was assessed using the Chinese version of the Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, non-parametric analysis, and multiple linear regression.Results:A total of 509 pediatric nurses participated in the survey, including 10 males and 499 females. Among them, 45 were aged ≤25 years, 268 were aged 26-35 years, 172 were aged 36-45 years, and 24 were aged >45 years.The median moral distress score was 58.00 (26.00, 77.50). Factors independently associated with higher levels of moral distress included having a master′s degree ( t = 2.33), working in a ward with more than 40 beds ( t = 3.38), working in a ward without parental accompaniment ( t = 2.60), being passively assigned to the nursing profession ( t = 2.63), and considering resignation but not leaving the job ( t = 3.85) (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Pediatric nurses in China experience a moderate level of moral distress. Further research is needed to understand its underlying causes and to develop preventive and intervention strategies.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of how neurocognition affects social functioning through fa-cial emotion recognition in individuals with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 203 patients with schizophrenia meet-ing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-IV)diagnostic criteria were re-cruited,with an age of(40±12)years,an initial onset age of(24±8)years,scored(60.4±16.1)points on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.Using the Personal and Social Performance Scale(PSP),the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB),and the Facial Emotion Recognition Test(FERT)to assess patients'social functioning,neurocognition,and facial emotion recognition abilities.Results:In the relationship between MCCB fac-tor scores and PSP dimensions scores,happy face recognition showed a mediating effect in socially useful activities dimension(ACME=0.021,P＜0.01),sad(ACME=-0.026,P＜0.05)and surprised face recognition(ACME=-0.017,P＜0.05)showed mediating effects in self-care dimension.Additionally,sad(ACME=-0.025,P＜0.05)and fearful face recognition(ACME=-0.025,P＜0.001)played a mediating role in disruptive and aggres-sive behavior dimensions.Conclusion:Facial emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia may play a media-ting role in the neurocognitive mechanisms of social dysfunction,with different dimensions of social dysfunction be-ing associated with specific categories of emotions.

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative reduction quality in femoral neck fracture internal fixation on mechanical properties of the femoral head from the perspective of trabecular bone biomechanics.Methods From patients who underwent hip replacement surgery for femoral neck fractures,a total of 26 femoral head slice specimens were obtained.The central axis of the primary compressive trabeculae was defined as the 0° group,with the intersection point of the primary compressive trabeculae and the femoral calcar serving as the center.By rotating the specimens to simulate different reduction angles,the cut femoral head slice specimens were randomly divided into five groups:-10°,-5°,0°,5°,and 10°,representing femoral heads with varying reduction qualities.The specimens were subjected to single compression load tests and fatigue load tests.The load was set from 70 N to 1 400 N,at a frequency of 1 Hz,with 10 000 cycles.Axial stiffness,displacement,and the number of collapse cycles were measured,to compare the biomechanical properties of femoral head specimens under different reduction qualities.Results There were differences in the axial stiffness,displacement,and number of collapse cycles among the femoral head specimens in different groups.Under 800 N load,the axial stiffness of 0° group was significantly greater than that of±10° groups(P＜0.05).The axial stiffness of 0° group was also greater than that of the±5° groups,but the differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The axial stiffness of±5° groups was greater than that of±10° groups(P＜0.05).0° group had a lower displacement than±5° groups and±10° groups.However,the differences in displacement between 0° group and±5° groups were not statistically significant(P＞0.05),while the differences between the 0° group and±10° groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The differences in displacement between±5° groups and±10° groups were also statistically significant(P＜0.05).0° group had a significantly higher number of collapse cycles than±10° groups(P＜0.05).The number of collapse cycles in 0° group was also higher than that in±5° groups,but the differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The number of collapse cycles in±5° groups was significantly higher than that±10° groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions The quality of reduction after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures significantly affects the biomechanical properties of the femoral head.This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing treatment and postoperative management,aiming to improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life.

Attention is the cornerstone of effective functioning in a complex and information-rich world. While the neural activity of attention has been extensively studied in the cortex, the brain-wide neural activity patterns are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of neural activity across the mouse brain during attentional processing using EEG and c-Fos staining, utilizing hierarchical clustering and c-Fos-based functional network analysis to evaluate the c-Fos activation patterns. Our findings reveal that a wide range of brain regions are activated, notably in the high-order cortex, thalamus, and brain stem regions involved in advanced cognition and arousal regulation, with the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus as a strong hub, suggesting the crucial role of the thalamus in attention control. These results provide valuable insights into the neural network mechanisms underlying attention, offering a foundation for formulating functional hypotheses and conducting circuit-level testing.
Animals ; Attention/physiology* ; Mice ; Brain/physiology* ; Male ; Electroencephalography ; Reaction Time/physiology* ; Brain Mapping ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Choice Behavior/physiology* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism*