Compared to other refractive surgeries, the implantable collamer lens(ICL)implantation procedure has become one of the most popular surgical options in refractive surgery. ICL surgery offers advantages such as reversibility, high-definition visual outcomes, and preservation of the corneal anatomical structure. The V4c model, which features a central port, is currently the most widely used in clinical practice and eliminates the need for peripheral iridotomy during the perioperative period. Although excellent uncorrected visual acuity can be achieved postoperatively, some patients may experience visual disturbances in the early postoperative period, such as halo and glare, which may affect visual comfort particularly under low-light conditions. This article reviews visual quality metrics after ICL V4c implantation, including higher-order aberrations(HOA), modulation transfer function(MTF), and contrast sensitivity(CS), along with influencing factors, and discusses potential relative deficits in postoperative visual quality and their underlying mechanisms.

Objective: To analyze the trends of the frequency of meat, egg, and milk consumption among rural primary and junior high school students in central and western China covered by the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) from 2015 to 2023, so as to provide basis for formulating more targeted nutrition intervention policies and health education strategies. Methods: Using data from six rounds of monitoring and evaluation (2015-2021 and 2023), the study included 323 870 students from grade 3 to 9 across 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in central and western China. The consumption frequencies of meat, egg, and milk over the past week were collected via questionnaires. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze temporal trends, and multivariable Logistic regression models were employed to analyze factors associated with the frequency of meat, egg and milk consumption and to test for interaction effects between the year and gender, region, and grade level. Results: From 2015 to 2023, the proportion of students consuming meat, egg, and milk ≥1 time/day increased from 23.20 %, 10.71%, and 0.74% to 35.53%, 22.09%, and 26.63%, respectively. Trend tests indicated a significant upward trend for the daily intake of all three food categories for meat, egg and milk over the years ( Z =67.18, 64.90, 93.14, all P <0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the daily meat intake was lower in the central region than in the western region ( OR=0.77, 95%CI =0.76-0.78), whereas the daily intake of eggs ( OR=1.19, 95%CI =1.17-1.22) and milk ( OR= 1.27 , 95%CI =1.24-1.29) was higher in the central region (all P <0.05). Compared with grade 3-4 students, junior high school students had lower daily intake of meat, eggs, and milk≥1 time/day ( OR =0.95, 0.77, 0.77, all P <0.05), with a declining trend as grade increased. Girls also had lower daily intake of meat, eggs, and milk ≥1 time/day than boys ( OR =0.95，0.93，0.91, all P < 0.05). Significant interactions were observed between year and region, as well as between year and grade (all P <0.05). Conclusion From 2015 to 2023, the NIPRCES improved the intake level of among rural students, but the situation of relatively insufficient intake of egg and milk among females, junior high school students and those in the western region still exists.

Objective To compare the early clinical efficacy of arthroscopic bridge suture combined with strengthening thread fixation for posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)tibial insertion avulsion frac-tures and traditional open double-row anchor suture fixation,and to explore a safe,effective,and min-imally invasive reduction and fixation method for PCL tibial insertion fractures in knee joint under ar-throscopy.Methods This study was a retrospective study.Sixty patients with PCL tibial insertion frac-tures(Meyers&McKeever types II-IV)and admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Kunming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between June 2021 and June 2023 were included,and ran-domly divided into a traditional group(age:39.56±3.24 years,male/female:16/14)and a minimally in-vasive group(age:40.32±4.38,male/female:18/12),each of 30,according to their admission or-der.All patients were of Grade III positive in the drawer test before surgery.The traditional group un-derwent posterior medial inlay incision,reduction under direct vision and double-row anchor suture fix-ation,while the minimally invasive group underwent reduction under total arthroscopy,suture-bridge suture at the tendon-bone junction of PCL,and one anchor suture placed at the femoral insertion of PCL,with the anchor suture line serving as the reinforcing suture.Then,the anchor and suture-bridge suture lines were respectively pulled into the two tunnels behind the tibia from the front and then pulled out from the front of the tibia,and the reinforcing suture was knotted in front of the tib-ia.The bridge suture line was fixed in front of the tibia with an external row anchor.Six months after surgery,both groups were evaluated the efficacy using the posterior drawer test and Lysholm score.Re-sults At the follow-up six months after the surgery,both groups had good fracture healing,with one wound infection and delayed healing in the traditional group and total one-stage heal in the other group.According to the physical examination 6 months after surgery,all were negative in the posterior drawer test,except one of degree II positive in the traditional group.Moreover,the average Lysholm score of the traditional group increased from 65.23±3.48 before surgery to 87.64±4.58 points after surgery(P<0.05),while that of the minimally invasive group increased from 64.35±2.52 to 86.82±2.58(P<0.05),showing no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Both techniques in this study can achieve excellent surgical outcomes in the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures at the tibial insertion site.

Objective To compare the early clinical efficacy of arthroscopic bridge suture combined with strengthening thread fixation for posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)tibial insertion avulsion frac-tures and traditional open double-row anchor suture fixation,and to explore a safe,effective,and min-imally invasive reduction and fixation method for PCL tibial insertion fractures in knee joint under ar-throscopy.Methods This study was a retrospective study.Sixty patients with PCL tibial insertion frac-tures(Meyers&McKeever types II-IV)and admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Kunming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between June 2021 and June 2023 were included,and ran-domly divided into a traditional group(age:39.56±3.24 years,male/female:16/14)and a minimally in-vasive group(age:40.32±4.38,male/female:18/12),each of 30,according to their admission or-der.All patients were of Grade III positive in the drawer test before surgery.The traditional group un-derwent posterior medial inlay incision,reduction under direct vision and double-row anchor suture fix-ation,while the minimally invasive group underwent reduction under total arthroscopy,suture-bridge suture at the tendon-bone junction of PCL,and one anchor suture placed at the femoral insertion of PCL,with the anchor suture line serving as the reinforcing suture.Then,the anchor and suture-bridge suture lines were respectively pulled into the two tunnels behind the tibia from the front and then pulled out from the front of the tibia,and the reinforcing suture was knotted in front of the tib-ia.The bridge suture line was fixed in front of the tibia with an external row anchor.Six months after surgery,both groups were evaluated the efficacy using the posterior drawer test and Lysholm score.Re-sults At the follow-up six months after the surgery,both groups had good fracture healing,with one wound infection and delayed healing in the traditional group and total one-stage heal in the other group.According to the physical examination 6 months after surgery,all were negative in the posterior drawer test,except one of degree II positive in the traditional group.Moreover,the average Lysholm score of the traditional group increased from 65.23±3.48 before surgery to 87.64±4.58 points after surgery(P<0.05),while that of the minimally invasive group increased from 64.35±2.52 to 86.82±2.58(P<0.05),showing no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Both techniques in this study can achieve excellent surgical outcomes in the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures at the tibial insertion site.

There are differences in the images of the same visual object projected onto the retinas of the two eyes.Stereopsis is the perceptual ability of the brain to discern three-dimensional depth from these two-dimensional images with binocular disparities,enabling humans to accurately perceive the relative distance between objects and assess their relative depth in space.Panum's fusional area(PFA)encompasses the depth range,including the horopter where the visual object lies and the areas in front of and behind it,within which fused single vision can be achieved.Visual function within the PFA is closely related to the formation of depth perception.The monocular visual direction,the depth of the binocular horopter position,and the measurement methods and models for the theoretical horopter and empirical horopter are all closely asso-ciated with the characteristics of depth perception within the PFA range.This holds significant importance for studying the construction process of stereopsis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,its derivatives in combination with obesity indicators and the risk of albuminuria in patients with type 2diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods T2DM inpatients who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology from January 2020 to March 2023 were consecutively collected as study subjects,and divided into the group with no albuminuria(n=246)and the group with albuminuria(n=221).Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between TyG index,its derivative index and clinical indicators,and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between TyG index,its derivative indexes and albuminuria.Results The TyG index and its derived indices[TyG-body mass index(TyG-BMI),TyG-waist-to-hip ratio(TyG-WHR),TyG-waist-to-height ratio(TyG-WtHR)]were significantly higher in the albuminuric group of patients with T2DM than in the group without albuminuria(all P＜0.001).The inci-dence of albuminuria gradually increased with increasing tertile groupings of all four indicators(all P＜0.001).In multivariate Logistic regression analysis,after correcting for screened risk factors,the TyG index(OR=1.50,95％CI:1.07-2.08,P=0.019),TyG-BMI(OR=1.01,95％CI:1.00-1.01,P=0.009),TyG-WHR(OR=1.45,95％CI:1.12-1.88,P=0.005),and TyG-WtHR(OR=1.39,95％CI:1.00-1.91,P=0.048)were the independent risk factors for albuminuria.For categorical variables,using the 1st quartile group(Q1)as a control group,the 3rd quartile group(Q3)of all four indices were all risk factors for albuminuria,whereas the Q3group of TyG-WHR was more significantly associated with albuminuria compared to the TyG index alone and the other de-rived indices(OR=2.55,95％CI:1.44-4.51,P=0.002).Conclusion In patients with T2DM,both TyG index and its derivatives combined with obesity indicators were significantly associated with albuminuria,and in patients with higher index levels,the risk of albu-minuria was higher in patients with high levels of TyG-WHR compared with single TyG index and other derivatives.Therefore,TyG-WHR may be a novel biological indicator to predict the development of DKD in T2DM patients.

There are differences in the images of the same visual object projected onto the retinas of the two eyes.Stereopsis is the perceptual ability of the brain to discern three-dimensional depth from these two-dimensional images with binocular disparities,enabling humans to accurately perceive the relative distance between objects and assess their relative depth in space.Panum's fusional area(PFA)encompasses the depth range,including the horopter where the visual object lies and the areas in front of and behind it,within which fused single vision can be achieved.Visual function within the PFA is closely related to the formation of depth perception.The monocular visual direction,the depth of the binocular horopter position,and the measurement methods and models for the theoretical horopter and empirical horopter are all closely asso-ciated with the characteristics of depth perception within the PFA range.This holds significant importance for studying the construction process of stereopsis.

Radionuclide drug conjugates(RDC)represent the culmination of interdisciplinary integra-tion.By virtue of their precise targeting capability,high diagnostic sensitivity,and remarkable therapeutic effi-cacy in tumor diagnosis and treatment,RDC has emerged as promising theranostic agents with immense applica-tion potential.This article systematically reviews the progress in RDC development in China from 2009 to 2024,encompassing an overview of RDC,its structure and classification,trends in clinical research,advances in clinical trials,and national policy support.The aim is to provide valuable insights for researchers in related fields,thereby facilitating further development and application of RDC-based therapeutics.

Apparent accommodation originates from the residual accommodation function after the absence of classic lens accommodation, serving as a critical theoretical framework in the study of visual function after refractive cataract surgery. Different from Von Helmholtz's theory, which focuses on lens deformation, it evaluates the overall accommodation capability of the eye excluding the lens, with its mechanisms remaining debated. Apparent accommodation refers to the character that pseudophakic eyes retain a certain degree of refractive accommodation after natural lens removal or intraocular lens(IOL)implantation, despite the loss of physiological accommodation. This paper systematically reviews the historical development of apparent accommodation and the advances in assessment techniques, which have gradually contributed to the re-evaluation and expansion of classical theories of physiological accommodation. Recent studies attempt to decipher the synergistic effects between pupil, corneal, and central cognitive processing by integrating optical parameter measurements with neural adaptation. This reflects a shift in the field from a singular anatomical explanation to a more interdisciplinary and multi-dimensional model.

Brain age prediction, as a significant approach for assessing brain health and early diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases, has garnered widespread attention in recent years. Electroencephalogram (EEG), an non-invasive, convenient, and cost-effective neurophysiological signal, offers unique advantages for brain age prediction due to its high temporal resolution and strong correlation with brain functional states. Despite substantial progress in enhancing prediction accuracy and generalizability, challenges remain in data quality and model interpretability. This review comprehensively examined the advancements in EEG-based brain age prediction, detailing key aspects of data preprocessing, feature extraction, model construction, and result evaluation. It also summarized the current applications of machine learning and deep learning methods in this field, analyzed existing issues, and explored future directions to promote the widespread application of EEG-based brain age prediction in both clinical and research settings.
Humans ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Machine Learning ; Aging/physiology* ; Deep Learning ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted