Objective:To analyze the disease burden and changing trend of pancreatic cancer in our country from 1990 to 2021, and predict the incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer from 2022 to 2036.Methods:Utilizing the data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life rate (DALY) of pancreatic cancer in our country from 1990 to 2021 were evaluated. DALY is calculated by adding the number of years of life lost due to pancreatic cancer to the years of life lost due to disability. The Joinpoint model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC), the age-period-cohort model was applied to control the influence of age, period and birth cohort, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in our country from 2022 to 2036.Results:Compared with 1990, the data of ASIR, ASMR and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates of pancreatic cancer in our country in 2021 all increased, and the increase in men was more significant than that in women. The peaks of morbidity and mortality in 1990 and 2021 were both occurred in the elderly. The incidence rate, mortality rate and changes of men in all age groups were higher than those of women. The changes in the age-standardized DALY rate were mainly reflected in the male population. The first peaks of the age-standardized DALY rate in 1990 and 2021 both occurred at the age of 70-74, and the second peak of the age-standardized DALY rate in 2021 shifted to the age of 85-89. The peak rate of age-standardized DALY in females is earlier than that in males. The AAPC of ASIR and ASMR for all genders of pancreatic cancer in our country from 1990 to 2021 was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.50-0.94, P<0.001) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.31-0.82, P<0.001), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. In our country men with pancreatic cancer, ASIR (AAPC=0.89, 95% CI: 0.68-1.10, P<0.001) and ASMR (AAPC=0.71, 95% CI: 0.49-0.93, P<0.001) were compared with ASIR (AAPC=0.48, 95% CI: ) in women. 0.22-0.73, P<0.001) and ASMR (AAPC=0.33, 95% CI: 0.08-0.58, P=0.010) increased rapidly, and the difference was statistically significant. The ASDR of all genders showed an upward trend (AAPC=0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.54, P<0.001), and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence rate and mortality rate of all genders are on the rise. When the age of the population is over 60 years old, the incidence and mortality of specific diseases show an upward trend with the delay of the birth cohort. It is expected that from 2022 to 2036, the ASIR and ASMR of both men and women will increase annuallyand eventually double. Conclusion:From 1990 to 2021, the burden of pancreatic cancer in our country has generally shown an increasing trend, and it is expected that the disease burden will further increase in the future.

In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics.Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges.A two-dimensional(2D)liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was established for screening and comprehensive profiling of compositions of the antibiotic colistimethate sodium(CMS).A high concentration of phosphate buffer mobile phase was used in the first-dimensional LC system to get the components well separated.For efficient and high-accuracy screening of CMS,a targeted method based on a self-constructed high resolution(HR)mass spectrum database of CMS components was established.The database was built based on the commercial MassHunter Personal Compound Database and Library(PCDL)software and its accuracy of the compound matching result was verified with six known components before being applied to genuine sample screening.On this basis,the unknown peaks in the CMS chromatograms were deduced and assigned.The molecular formula,group composition,and origins of a total of 99 compounds,of which the combined area percentage accounted for more than 95％of CMS components,were deduced by this 2D-LC-MS method combined with the MassHunter PCDL.This profiling method was highly efficient and could distinguish hundreds of components within 3 h,providing reliable results for quality control of this kind of complex drugs.

Background: s/Aims: Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (DPS) is a common surgical procedure for pancreatic body cancer.However, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) utilizing the Warshaw technique (WT) in malignancies is generally not favored due to concerns about inadequate resection. This study aims to assess the feasibility and oncologic outcomes of employing SPDP with WT in pancreatic body cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis comparing 21 SPDP patients with 63 DPS patients matched by propensity score from January 2018 to November 2022. Clinical outcomes and follow-up data were analyzed using R. Results: Both groups exhibited similar demographic, intraoperative, and pathological characteristics, with the exception of a reduced number of total lymph nodes (p = 0.006) in the SPDP group. There were no significant differences in the rates of postoperative complications, recurrence, or metastasis. Local recurrence predominantly occurred in the central region as opposed to the spleen region.There were no cases of isolated recurrences in the splenic region. Median overall survival and recurrence-free survival times were 51.5 months for SPDP vs 30.5 months for DPS and 18.7 months vs 16.8 months, respectively (p > 0.05). The incidence of partial splenic infarction and left-side portal hypertension in the SPDP group was 28.6% (6/21) and 9.5% (2/21), respectively, without necessitating splenic abscess puncture, splenectomy, or causing bleeding from perigastric varices. Conclusions SPDP did not negatively impact local recurrence or survival rates in selected pancreatic body cancer patients. Further studies are necessary for validation.

In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics. Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges. A two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometr (LC-MS) method was established for screening and comprehensive profiling of compositions of the antibiotic colistimethate sodium (CMS). A high concentration of phosphate buffer mobile phase was used in the first-dimensional LC system to get the components well separated. For efficient and high-accuracy screening of CMS, a targeted method based on a self-constructed high resolution (HR) mass spectrum database of CMS components was established. The database was built based on the commercial MassHunter Personal Compound Database and Library (PCDL) software and its accuracy of the compound matching result was verified with six known components before being applied to genuine sample screening. On this basis, the unknown peaks in the CMS chromatograms were deduced and assigned. The molecular formula, group composition, and origins of a total of 99 compounds, of which the combined area percentage accounted for more than 95% of CMS components, were deduced by this 2D-LC-MS method combined with the MassHunter PCDL. This profiling method was highly efficient and could distinguish hundreds of components within 3 h, providing reliable results for quality control of this kind of complex drugs.

Background: s/Aims: Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (DPS) is a common surgical procedure for pancreatic body cancer.However, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) utilizing the Warshaw technique (WT) in malignancies is generally not favored due to concerns about inadequate resection. This study aims to assess the feasibility and oncologic outcomes of employing SPDP with WT in pancreatic body cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis comparing 21 SPDP patients with 63 DPS patients matched by propensity score from January 2018 to November 2022. Clinical outcomes and follow-up data were analyzed using R. Results: Both groups exhibited similar demographic, intraoperative, and pathological characteristics, with the exception of a reduced number of total lymph nodes (p = 0.006) in the SPDP group. There were no significant differences in the rates of postoperative complications, recurrence, or metastasis. Local recurrence predominantly occurred in the central region as opposed to the spleen region.There were no cases of isolated recurrences in the splenic region. Median overall survival and recurrence-free survival times were 51.5 months for SPDP vs 30.5 months for DPS and 18.7 months vs 16.8 months, respectively (p > 0.05). The incidence of partial splenic infarction and left-side portal hypertension in the SPDP group was 28.6% (6/21) and 9.5% (2/21), respectively, without necessitating splenic abscess puncture, splenectomy, or causing bleeding from perigastric varices. Conclusions SPDP did not negatively impact local recurrence or survival rates in selected pancreatic body cancer patients. Further studies are necessary for validation.

Background: s/Aims: Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (DPS) is a common surgical procedure for pancreatic body cancer.However, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) utilizing the Warshaw technique (WT) in malignancies is generally not favored due to concerns about inadequate resection. This study aims to assess the feasibility and oncologic outcomes of employing SPDP with WT in pancreatic body cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis comparing 21 SPDP patients with 63 DPS patients matched by propensity score from January 2018 to November 2022. Clinical outcomes and follow-up data were analyzed using R. Results: Both groups exhibited similar demographic, intraoperative, and pathological characteristics, with the exception of a reduced number of total lymph nodes (p = 0.006) in the SPDP group. There were no significant differences in the rates of postoperative complications, recurrence, or metastasis. Local recurrence predominantly occurred in the central region as opposed to the spleen region.There were no cases of isolated recurrences in the splenic region. Median overall survival and recurrence-free survival times were 51.5 months for SPDP vs 30.5 months for DPS and 18.7 months vs 16.8 months, respectively (p > 0.05). The incidence of partial splenic infarction and left-side portal hypertension in the SPDP group was 28.6% (6/21) and 9.5% (2/21), respectively, without necessitating splenic abscess puncture, splenectomy, or causing bleeding from perigastric varices. Conclusions SPDP did not negatively impact local recurrence or survival rates in selected pancreatic body cancer patients. Further studies are necessary for validation.

Objective To observe the effectiveness and safety of DiaSphere embolized microsphere TACE for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Totally 188 patients with HCC were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to research group(n=93)and control group(n=95),who underwent TACE with DiaSphere embolized microspheres and Embosphere embolized microspheres,respectively.The incidence of TACE-related adverse events were recorded.The therapeutic efficacy 1 month after the first TACE,also 1 and 3 months after the last TACE,and liver functions 1 month after the first and last TACE were compared between groups.Results In research group,there were 69 cases underwent 1 time TACE,22 cases underwent 2 times and 2 cases underwent 3 times TACE,while in control group,there were 82 cases underwent 1 time and 13 cases underwent 2 times TACE,respectively.No statistical difference of the incidence of adverse events was found between groups(77.42%[72/93]vs.76.84%[73/95],P=1.000).One month after the first TACE,7 cases in research group and 11 cases in control group were lost to follow-up,respectively.One month after the last TACE,12 cases were lost to follow-up in both groups,and 3 months after the last TACE,28 cases were lost to follow-up in both groups.No significant difference of objective response rate nor disease control rate was found between groups at the above time points(all P＞0.05).One month after the first and last TACE,liver function indicators were not different between groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Both the short-term efficacy and safety of TACE with DiaSphere embolized microspheres for treating HCC were good.

Objective To observe the effectiveness and safety of DiaSphere embolized microsphere TACE for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Totally 188 patients with HCC were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to research group(n=93)and control group(n=95),who underwent TACE with DiaSphere embolized microspheres and Embosphere embolized microspheres,respectively.The incidence of TACE-related adverse events were recorded.The therapeutic efficacy 1 month after the first TACE,also 1 and 3 months after the last TACE,and liver functions 1 month after the first and last TACE were compared between groups.Results In research group,there were 69 cases underwent 1 time TACE,22 cases underwent 2 times and 2 cases underwent 3 times TACE,while in control group,there were 82 cases underwent 1 time and 13 cases underwent 2 times TACE,respectively.No statistical difference of the incidence of adverse events was found between groups(77.42%[72/93]vs.76.84%[73/95],P=1.000).One month after the first TACE,7 cases in research group and 11 cases in control group were lost to follow-up,respectively.One month after the last TACE,12 cases were lost to follow-up in both groups,and 3 months after the last TACE,28 cases were lost to follow-up in both groups.No significant difference of objective response rate nor disease control rate was found between groups at the above time points(all P＞0.05).One month after the first and last TACE,liver function indicators were not different between groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Both the short-term efficacy and safety of TACE with DiaSphere embolized microspheres for treating HCC were good.

Objective:To analyze the disease burden and changing trend of pancreatic cancer in our country from 1990 to 2021, and predict the incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer from 2022 to 2036.Methods:Utilizing the data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life rate (DALY) of pancreatic cancer in our country from 1990 to 2021 were evaluated. DALY is calculated by adding the number of years of life lost due to pancreatic cancer to the years of life lost due to disability. The Joinpoint model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC), the age-period-cohort model was applied to control the influence of age, period and birth cohort, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in our country from 2022 to 2036.Results:Compared with 1990, the data of ASIR, ASMR and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates of pancreatic cancer in our country in 2021 all increased, and the increase in men was more significant than that in women. The peaks of morbidity and mortality in 1990 and 2021 were both occurred in the elderly. The incidence rate, mortality rate and changes of men in all age groups were higher than those of women. The changes in the age-standardized DALY rate were mainly reflected in the male population. The first peaks of the age-standardized DALY rate in 1990 and 2021 both occurred at the age of 70-74, and the second peak of the age-standardized DALY rate in 2021 shifted to the age of 85-89. The peak rate of age-standardized DALY in females is earlier than that in males. The AAPC of ASIR and ASMR for all genders of pancreatic cancer in our country from 1990 to 2021 was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.50-0.94, P<0.001) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.31-0.82, P<0.001), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. In our country men with pancreatic cancer, ASIR (AAPC=0.89, 95% CI: 0.68-1.10, P<0.001) and ASMR (AAPC=0.71, 95% CI: 0.49-0.93, P<0.001) were compared with ASIR (AAPC=0.48, 95% CI: ) in women. 0.22-0.73, P<0.001) and ASMR (AAPC=0.33, 95% CI: 0.08-0.58, P=0.010) increased rapidly, and the difference was statistically significant. The ASDR of all genders showed an upward trend (AAPC=0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.54, P<0.001), and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence rate and mortality rate of all genders are on the rise. When the age of the population is over 60 years old, the incidence and mortality of specific diseases show an upward trend with the delay of the birth cohort. It is expected that from 2022 to 2036, the ASIR and ASMR of both men and women will increase annuallyand eventually double. Conclusion:From 1990 to 2021, the burden of pancreatic cancer in our country has generally shown an increasing trend, and it is expected that the disease burden will further increase in the future.

Objective In this study,we retrospectively analyzed the imaging characteristics of dual-tracer 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)and 18F-flurodeoxyglucose(FDG)positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT)in metastatic prostate cancer(mPCa)patients.We analyzed the uptake modes of the dual tracers,explored clinical pathological parameters affecting the 18F-FDG uptake in the lesions,and evaluated their prognostic implications for prostate specific antigen progression-free survival(PSA-PFS).Methods A total of 41 mPCa patients who underwent dual-tracer PET/CT(68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG)scans between September 2021 and January 2024 were retrospectively enrolled.One patient had negative uptake of both PSMA and FDG.According to the uptake patterns of the 2 tracers,the other patients,40 in total,were categorized in 2 groups,including group A consisting of 33 cases who showed PSMA and FDG dual and those who showed FDG only avidity,and group B consisting of 7 cases who showed PSMA avidity only.Comparative analyses of clinical pathological characteristics between group A and group B were conducted.The relationship between various parameters and PSA-PFS was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results A total of 26 patients(63.4％)were diagnosed with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC),and 38 cases(92.7％)had a Gleason score of 8-9.Bone metastasis,the predominant type of distant metastasis,occurred in 36 cases(87.8％).The skeletal and distant lymph node metastases mostly showed a dual positive uptake pattern for both PSMA and FDG(85.7％[24/28]and 81.8％[9/11]).37.5％(3/8)of the metastases to organs showed FDG only positive uptake pattern.The serum levels of prostate specific antigen(PSA)in group A were significantly higher than those in group B(P=0.013).A total of 13 patients of special pathological classification(intraductal carcinoma and neuroendocrine differentiation)were all found to be in group A.Among the 41 cases,16 were lost to follow-up.Of the 25 patients who completed follow-up,9 patients,with a median PSA value of 104 ng/mL,experienced PSA progression,while the 16 other patients,with a median PSA of 0.34 ng/mL,did not incur any PSA progression.There was significant difference in the median PSA between patients showing PSA progression and those who did not show PSA progression(P＜0.001).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the median PSA-PFS of patients of specific pathological classifications was 7 months,which was shorter than the 16 months of the patients with typical prostate cancer,with the difference between the two groups being statistically meaningful(P=0.043).The median PSA-PFS for group A was 30 months.With more than half of the patients in the group not experiencing any PSA progression,group B did not reach the median PSA-PFS(P=0.645).Conclusion Dual-tracer PET/CT imaging with 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG commonly exhibits avidity for both tracers in mPCa.Serum PSA level is a reliable biomarker for predicting FDG-positive lesions.mPCa presented with intraductal carcinoma and neuroendocrine differentiation tends to exhibit FDG avidity and is more susceptible to PSA progression.