Objective: To develop a simple digital chylous plasma device and validate its ability to accurately, standardly, and non-destructively determine chylous plasma in blood banks and clinical transfusions in hospitals. Methods: A digital chylous plasma assessment device was designed and manufactured. This device was used to measure the chylous degrees of chylous plasma samples before freezing, after freeze-thawing, before viral inactivation, and after viral inactivation. The measured chylosity index values were categorized according to the requirements specified in Appendix A of the Chinese national standard GB 18469-2001 "Quality Requirements for Whole Blood and Blood Components". This process established a digital standard for chylous plasma, enabling the identification of severe, moderate and mild chylous plasma, and non-chylous plasma. Results: The initial simple product of the digital chylous assessment device was successfully designed and manufactured. There was no significant difference in the degree of chylous plasma between pre-freezing 468.11±217.73 lux and post-thawing 538.91±273.39 lux of chylous plasma (P>0.05), or between pre-viral inactivation 858.33±387.79 lux and post-viral inactivation 928.33±166.51 lux of chylous plasma (P>0.05). The median of chylous degree values for plasma chylous index grades 0 to 6 were 45 lux, 250 lux, 620 lux, 835 lux, 1 130 lux, 1 390 lux, and 1 700 lux, respectively. The defined cutoff values/ranges for the chylous degree values corresponding to plasma chylous index grade 0 to 6 were ≤125 lux, 126-465 lux, 466-740 lux, 741-1 000 lux, 1 001-1 233 lux, 1 234-1 560 lux, and ≥1 561 lux. Conclusion: This study successfully developed the initial product of the digital chylous device and established digital standards for classifying chylous plasma. The device demonstrates the potential to meet the needs for assessment of chylous plasma in both blood banks and clinical transfusions in hospitals, thereby promoting the development and application of standardized, non-destructive chylous plasma assessment technology.

Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine, food, and agriculture. However, efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges, including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance. This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs, both through membrane and non-membrane routes. We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods, including whole-bacterial adsorption binding, cell membrane chromatography (CMC), phospholipid membrane chromatography binding, membrane-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE), colorimetric assays, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fluorescence-based screening, genetic sequencing-based analysis, computational mining of AMP databases, and virtual screening methods. Additionally, we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery. This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of 1q21.1 microdeletion by using single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays (SNP array).Methods:Eighteen cases of 1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome diagnosed at the Longgang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shenzhen City from June 2017 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the patients were collected. Results of chromosomal karyotyping and SNP assay were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 18 cases with 1q21.1 microdeletions, 13 had a deletion between BP3 and BP4, 4 had a deletion between BP1/BP2 and BP4, whilst 1 had a proximal 1q21.1 deletion (between BP2 and BP3) involving the Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) region. The deletions had spanned from 360 kb to 3.9 Mb, which encompassed the GJA5, GJA8, CHD1L, RBM8AB and other morbid genes. In three families, the proband child has inherited the same 1q21.1 microdeletion from their parents, whose clinical phenotype was normal or slightly abnormal. The clinical phenotypes of 1q21.1 microdeletion had included cognitive or behavioral deficits in 9 cases (9/18, 50.0%), growth retardation in 8 cases (8/18, 44.4%), craniofacial deformities in 7 cases (7/18, 38.8%), cardiovascular malformations in 5 cases (5/18, 27.8%), and microcephaly in 3 cases (3/18, 16.7%). Conclusion:1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome has incomplete penetrance and varied expression such as intellectual impairment, growth and development delay, and microcephaly, with a wide range of non-specific phenotypes.

Objective To explore the interventional mechanism of Bufei Yishen formula on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from pathway level.Methods Macrophage inflammatory model was established by LPS stimulation.Based on gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)method,macrophage inflammation related pathways were screened,and normalized enrichment score(NES)was used to identify pathways that were reversed by traditional Chinese medicine treatment,revealing the interventional mechanism of Bufei Yishen formula and its compatibility.Results The NES of Bufei Yishen formula was-1377.23,among which the NES of Bushen compatibility was-485.07,that of Huoxue was-351.86,Huatan was-303.71,and Yiqi was-236.59.There were 213 significantly disturbed pathways reversed after the intervention of Bufei Yishen formula,among which there were 184 reversed pathways for Huoxue compatibility,147 reversed pathways for Bushen,134 reversed pathways for Huatan,133 reversed pathways for Yiqi,and the reversal rate was 75.41%,60.25%,54.92%,54.51%,respectively.90 pathways,including TGF-β production,were significantly reversed in the four compatibilities.Positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response etc were specifically reversed pathways for compatibility.Conclusion The intensity of Bufei Yishen formula that reversed macrophage-inflammatory related pathways was in order of Bushen,Huoxue,Huatan and Yiqi compatibility.And the number of pathways that could be reversed by the compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula was Huoxue,Bushen,Huatan and Yiqi.Bufei Yishen formula could regulate the common and specific reversal pathways of the compatibilities to intervene the inflammatory response.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of limb motor rehabilitation program based on patient health engagement (PHE) model in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, and to provide reference for the limb motor rehabilitation management of hemorrhagic stroke patients.Methods:Through literature review and Delphi expert correspondence, a limb motor rehabilitation program for hemorrhagic stroke patients based on the PHE model was constructed. A non-contemporaneous controlled study was conducted, 45 hemorrhagic stroke patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurosurgery of Shanxi Bethune Hospital from March to August 2022 were selected by convenience sampling method as the control group, and routine exercise rehabilitation measure was given, 45 hemorrhagic stroke patients from September 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the intervention group, a limb motor rehabilitation program based on PHE model was implemented on the basis of control group. The functional exercise compliance, limb motor function, daily activity ability, emotional and social dysfunction of patients in the two groups were observed before intervention, 1 and 3 months after intervention respectively.Results:A total of 85 patients with hemorrhagic stroke were included. There were 42 patients in the intervention group, 25 males and 17 females, aged (52.07 ± 9.91) years old, and 43 patients in the control group, 21 males and 22 females, aged (53.93 ± 10.52) years old. There were no significant differences in the functional exercise compliance, limb motor function, daily activity ability, emotional and social dysfunction of patients before intervention between the two groups. At 3 months after intervention, the functional exercise compliance score in the intervention group was (40.83 ± 7.92) points, higher than that in the control group (37.14 ± 6.44) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 2.36, P<0.05). At 1 and 3 months after intervention, the scores of limb motor function and daily activity ability in the intervention group were (27.12 ± 6.74), (33.67 ± 6.54) points and (61.31 ± 6.72), (74.40 ± 8.71) points, which were higher than (24.91 ± 6.03), (27.02 ± 6.59) points and (52.33 ± 9.78), (60.12 ± 10.03) points of the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.06-7.01, all P<0.05), the scores of emotional and social dysfunction were (75.52 ± 22.09) and (58.33 ± 18.88) points, which were lower than (86.02 ± 23.04), (78.51 ± 21.67) points of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t = - 2.14, - 4.57, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The limb motor rehabilitation program based on the PHE model could improve the exercise compliance of patients with hemorrhagic stroke, improve the limb motor function and daily activity ability of patients, alleviate negative emotions, and reduce the level of social dysfunction.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of ubiquitin-specific protease 11(USP11)affecting the proliferation and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)cells by regulating IGF2BP3 expression.Methods:USP11 expression in OSCC tissues and adja-cent tissues from OSCC patients(n=50)was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot,and USP11 expression in normal hu-man oral keratinocyte(HOK)cell line and human OSCC cell lines SCC-25 and CAL-27 was detected by western blot.SCC-25 and CAL-27 cells were transfected with siRNA USP11(si-USP11)or siRNA negative control(si-NC).Western blot was performed to de-tect the silencing efficiency of USP11.CCK-8,wound healing assay and Transwell assay were carried out to evaluate the effects of USP11 silencing on cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Western blot was employed to detect IGF2BP3 expression after the knockdown of USP11.Nude mice were inoculated with SCC-25 cells to construct the transplanted tumor model,and the inhibitory effect of USP11 knock-down on SCC-25 cell tumorigenicity was investigated.Results:The USP11 protein level in carcinoma tissues of OSCC patients was significantly higher than in the adjacent tissues,USP11 protein expression was significantly higher in SCC-25 and CAL-27 cells than in HOK cells.The knockdown of USP11 markedly reduced the proliferation,migration and invasion of SCC-25 and CAL-27 cells,and down-regulated the expression of IGF2BP3 cells.Compared with the USP11 silencing group,the proliferation,migration and invasion of SCC-25 and CAL-27 cells were significantly increased in the simultaneous knockdown of USP11 and overexpression of IGF2BP3 cells.Compared with the USP11 overexpression group,the proliferation,migration and invasion of SCC-25 and CAL-27 cells were decreased in the simultaneous IGF2BP3 knockdown and USP11 overexpression cells.Tumorigenicity experiments in nude mice showed that the tumor volume and weight were significantly declined by USP11 knockdown.Conclusion:USP11 is highly expressed in OSCC tissues,which may promote the proliferation,migration and invasion of OSCC cells through up-regulation of IGF2BP3 expression.

Objective To conduct data mining of asthma-inducing medications in underage populations based on the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database,so as to provide reference for the clinical application of related medications.Methods Adverse drug event(ADE)reports from the first quarter of 2013 to the fourth quarter of 2022 in the FAERS database were collected and screened for reports of asthma adverse events in the this population(under 18 years old),which were categorized into infants,toddlers,children,and adolescents according to different age groups,and were subjected to medication signal mining by using the reporting odds ratio method,the composite standardized method,and the information component method.Results A total of 1 915 reports were obtained after screening,involving 1 042(54.41％)males and 831(43.39％)females;the highest percentage of the reporting population was between 12 and under 18 years old,with a total of 762(39.79％);60.78％of the reports were reported by health professionals;and the results of the clinical referrals showed that serious adverse events occurred in 85.90％of the cases.306 suspected drugs were screened,52 drugs were determined to be valid signals,and 1 044 adverse events were reported,of which 16 drug inserts did not mention the risk of asthma,in order of elosulfatase alpha,canakinumab,tobramycin,vancomycin,ceftriaxone,cetirizine,phenylephrine,imiglucerase,cefuroxime,betamethasone,atropine,tadalafil,riscovastatin,cyclophosphamide,octreotide,and omeprazole.Conclusion The FAERS database was mined for adverse drug event signals and evaluated using the proportional disequilibrium method to identify 16 medicines that may trigger pharmacogenetic asthma and are not documented in the specification,which can be used to provide a good early warning for the clinic.At the same time,focusing on special populations,strengthening the assessment of lung function before medication and monitoring during and after medication,timely interventions were taken to reduce the harm of drug-derived adverse reactions and ensure the safe use of medication.

Objective To investigate the effects of long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)-NRON on apoptosis following myocardial infarc-tion(MI)in mice.Methods The C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation(Sham)group,MI group,MI combined with lncRNA-NRON interference lentivirus(MI+shNRON)group,and MI combined with the negative control(NC)lentivirus(MI+NC)group.The expression of lncRNA-NRON was detected using real-time PCR.In addition,the pathology of the myocardial tissue injury was analyzed using HE staining,the myocardial infarction size was examined using TTC staining,and the extent of apoptosis was assessed using the TUNEL assay,respectively.The RPISeq database was used to predict the probability of interaction between lncR-NA-NRON and the voltage-dependent anionic channel protein(VDAC).The effect of lncRNA-NRON on the expression of VDAC protein was detected using Western blotting.Results The lncRNA-NRON expression was significantly increased in the MI group,and the tar-geted knockdown of lncRNA-NRON resulted in alleviation of the pathological myocardial tissue injury,reduction in the myocardial infarc-tion area,and inhibition of apoptosis.The probability of interaction between lncRNA-NRON and VDAC reached 0.9,indicating a high probability of their association.Additionally,lncRNA-NRON could regulate the protein expression of VDAC.Conclusion Knockdown of lncRNA-NRON could reduce the occurrence of myocardial injury following myocardial infarction.This effect may be attributable to a spe-cific mechanism wherein lncRNA-NRON affects the process of apoptosis by binding to VDAC,consequently suppressing its expression.

The annexins(ANX)family is widely present in the cell membrane,cytoplasm or extracellular matrix.As key tumor regulatory molecules,annexins A(ANX A)family can promote or inhibit invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells by influencing cell membrane and cytoskeleton formation and participating in signaling pathways.ANX A family also plays a role in the apoptosis of breast cancer cells by regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins and cell cycle independent kinases(CDKs)and related pathways.In addition,ANX A family can also promote therapeutic resistance to a large number of drugs.For instance,ANX A1 enhances triple-negative breast cancer resistance by in-ducing epithelial-mesenchymal transformation.ANX A4 induces resistance by forming ANX A4-Fhit complexes and secretion of exosomes containing ANX A6 promotes paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer cells in a YAP1-dependent manner.So ANX A family may be a new target for breast cancer treatment.

ObjectiveTo develop traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formulae for the treatment of nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism. MethodsThe dysregulated signaling pathways were determined in macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COVID-19 patients and in lung epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro based on transcriptome analysis. A total of 102 TCM formulae for the clinical treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 were collected through literature. The pathway-reversing rates of these formulae in macrophages and lung epithelial cells were evaluated based on signature signaling pathways， and the basic formula was determined in conjunction with TCM theory. The commonly used Chinese materia medica for nonsevere COVID-19 were summarized from the 102 TCM formulae as abovementioned. And together with the screening results from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China， a “Chinese materia medica pool” was esta-blished for the development of TCM formulae for COVID-19. The regulatory effects of each herb on signaling pathways were obtained based on targeted transcriptome analysis. Oriented at reversing dysregulated signaling pathways of COVID-19， the calculation was carried out， and the artificial intelligent methods for compositing formulae， that are exhaustive method and parallel computing， were used to obtain candidate compound formulas. Finally， with reference to professional experience， an innovative formula for the treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 was developed. The ethanol extract of the formula was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effects by detecting the mRNA expression of interleukin 1b （Il1b）， C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （Cxcl2）， C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 （Cxcl10）， C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （Ccl2）， nitric oxide synthase 2 （Nos2）， and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （Ptgs2） using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） in RAW264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. ResultsIn macrophages and lung epithelial cells， 34 dysregulated signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 were identified respectively. The effects of the 102 formulae for clinical treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 were evaluated based on the dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted transcriptome， and the result showed that Yinqiao Powder and Pingwei Powder （银翘散合平胃散， YQPWP） ranked first， reversing 91.18% of the dysregulated signaling pathways in macrophages and 100% of the dysregulated signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells. Additionally， YQPWP had the function of scattering wind and clearing heat， resolving toxins and removing dampness in accordance with the pathogenesis of wind-heat with dampness in COVID-19. It was selected as the basic formula， and was further modified and optimized to develop an innovative fomula Qiaobang Zhupi Yin （翘蒡术皮饮， QBZPY） based on expert experience and artificial intelligence in composing formulae. QBZPY can reverse all the dysregulated signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 in macrophages and lung epithelial cells， with the reversing rates of 100%. The chief medicinal of QBZPY， including Lianqiao （Fructus Forsythiae）， Xixiancao （Herba Siegesbeckiae） and Niubangzi （Fructus Arctii）， can down-regulate multiple signaling pathways related with virus infection， immune response， and epithelial damage. RT-qPCR results indicated that compared with the model group， the QBZPY group down-regulated the mRNA expression of Il1b， tumor necrosis factor （Tnf）， Cxcl2， Cxcl10， Ccl2， Nos2 and Ptgs2 induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionBased on targeted transcriptome analysis， expert experience in TCM and artificial intelligence， QBZPY has been developed for the treatment of nonsevere COVID-19. The ethanol extract of QBZPY has been found to inhibit mRNA expression of several pro-inflammatory genes in a cellular inflammation model.