Pulmonary hypertension (PH), marked by sustained elevation of pulmonary artery pressure, imposes a heavy burden on the right ventricle and may culminate in right heart failure. Its pathogenesis is multifaceted, encompassing endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle proliferation, inflammation, thrombosis, and genetic factors. Animal models serve as core tools for exploring PH mechanisms and therapies, each with unique strengths and limitations. The single-dose monocrotaline (MCT) model is one of the most commonly used experimental animal models of PH and is widely applied in mechanistic studies, drug screening, and efficacy evaluation; it offers simplicity and cost-effectiveness, can induce PH within a short period, yet its pathophysiology differs to some extent from human idiopathic PH. In contrast, the Sugen5416 combined with chronic hypoxia model better mimics PH progression by placing animals under hypoxic conditions to induce pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling, but it requires a longer modelling time, and the degree of hypoxia has a substantial impact on experimental outcomes. Beyond these two commonly used modeling approaches, a variety of emerging techniques have been applied in PH research; gene-editing technologies enable precise investigation of specific gene functions in PH. Additionally, induced pluripotent stem cell-based 3D organoid technology allows for individualized modelling while preserving patients' genetic information for precise clinical translation. Each model or technology can simulate different aspects of the pathological processes of human PH, and their findings provide key insights into the nature of the disease and serve as an important platform for the development of novel therapeutic targets. This paper comprehensively describes various animal models and emerging technologies used in PH research, analyzing their characteristics, applications, and limitations, with the aim of providing experimental and technical support for the development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of α-ketoglutarate （α-KG） on hepatic lipid deposition in offspring caused by arsenic exposure during pregnancy. Methods8-week-old institute of cancer research （ICR） mice were mated in a ratio of 2∶1 between females and males， and the detection of vaginal plugs confirmed pregnant. A total of 32 pregnant mice were randomly divided into four groups： control group， arsenic group， α-KG group， arsenic+α-KG group. On gestational day 0-16 （GD0-GD16）， the arsenic and arsenic+α-KG groups were exposed to sodium arsenite （NaAsO₂ ，15 mg/L） in drinking water everyday， and the α-KG and arsenic+α-KG groups were gavaged with α-KG （2 g/kg） everyday. On GD16， pregnant mice were euthanized to collect fetal liver， and fetal body weight and crown-rump length were measured. Gene expression differences between the control group and the arsenic group were analyzed by transcriptome. The total triglycerides （TGs） and subtypes in fetal liver were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. Oil red O staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the liver. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） was used to detect the expression level of genes related to lipid synthesis， transport， and degradation， and phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase/ protein kinase B （PI3K/AKT） in the liver of fetus. ResultsTranscriptomics analysis showed that 2 144 genes were downregulated and 1 675 genes were upregulated in the arsenic exposed fetal liver； body weight and crown-rump length were reduced （P_TuKey<0.05）； the level of hepatic TGs was elevated in arsenic group （P_TuKey<0.05）； oil-red O staining showed a significant increase in lipid droplets in arsenic group （P_TuKey<0.01）； the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes were significantly upregulated （P_TuKey<0.05）； the expression of β-oxidation-related genes and lipid degradation-related genes were downregulated （P_TuKey<0.05）； the expression of PI3K， AKT decreased（P_TuKey<0.05）. Compared with the arsenic group， the body weight and crown-rump length of fetus increased in the arsenic+α-KG group （P_TuKey<0.05）； the level of hepatic TGs decreased in the arsenic+α-KG group （P_TuKey<0.05）； oil red O staining showed lipid droplets significantly decreased （P_TuKey<0.01）； the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes were downregulated （P_TuKey<0.05）， the expression of β-oxidation-related genes and lipid degradation-related genes were upregulated （P_TuKey<0.05）； the expression levels of PI3K and AKT increased （P_TuKey<0.05）. Conclusionα-KG alleviated hepatic lipid deposition in offspring exposed to arsenic during pregnancy through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

ObjectiveHistorically documented Zhejiang Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（Baizhu） possesses premium characteristics such as phoenix-like head and crane-like neck， pronounced sweetness， and fragrant aroma. However， its current market circulation is low， and the processed products with Zhejiang-style characteristics are at the risk of being lost. This study aims to preserve the ancient Zhejiang-style processing techniques and evaluate them using modern scientific methods. MethodsMultidimensional intelligent sensory evaluation was used to digitally characterize the "quality-structure" of the external appearance of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu medicinal materials（intermediate processed products） and the "odor-taste" of the internal quality of its decoction pieces（slices）， and the appearance parameters were digitally characterized by colorimeter， texture analyzer， electronic nose and electronic tongue， the chemical composition was analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. Then， cluster analysis on the differences in odor between the medicinal materials（intermediate processed products） and decoction pieces（slices） of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu was conducted， as well as the differences in taste between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of the decoction pieces（slices）， and the correlation analysis of chroma value-alcohol-soluble extract content-component response value. ResultsThe nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu had a dark brown to black epidermis， a brownish-yellow to brownish-gray cross-section， a slightly tough texture， a faint odor， and a slightly sweet， bitter and pungent taste. Texture analyzer measurements revealed minimal adhesion and maximum recovery in the middle section of the characteristic processed Baizhu， consistent with the processing endpoint of thorough steaming and cooking. The head section showed the highest internal hardness， elasticity and chewiness， indicating a denser texture in this area. The electronic nose sensor could clearly distinguish the difference between the medicinal materials and its decoction pieces， with a more significant clustering effect at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes compared to ambient temperature headspace for 2 hours， highlighting the significant impact of the baking degree before slicing on the quality. The electronic tongue taste signal map clearly distinguished the differences between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu decoction pieces， and the addition of auxiliary materials during processing could enhance its alcohol-soluble extract content. A total of 82 chemical components were identified in the characteristic processed Baizhu. After processing， the contents of 58 components increased， while 24 components decreased. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations（P<0.01） between ethanol-soluble extract content and colorimetric values of brightness（L^*）， yellow-bule value（b^*）， and total color difference（E^*_ab）. E^*_ab showed marked negative correlations（P<0.05） with the response values of isochlorogenic acid A and C. ConclusionThis study establishes a modern intelligent sensory evaluation model for multidimensional holographic characterization of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu， clarifying the correlation between increased isochlorogenic acid content and the visual color appearance after different steaming cycles， as well as its intrinsic alcohol-soluble extracts. This provides a reference for quality evaluation and processing standards of the Zhejiang-style characteristic processed products.

ObjectiveTo explore the ameliorative effect of the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid （4-PBA） on bile acid metabolism disorders induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide （LPS） in late-pregnant mice， and to clarify the regulatory mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP）. MethodsTwenty-four pregnant mice were divided into control group， LPS group， 4-PBA group， and LPS+4-PBA group. On the 16th day of pregnancy， the LPS group received intraperitoneal injection of LPS （200 μg/kg） and the 4-PBA group received injection of 4-PBA （150 mg/kg）. In the LPS+4-PBA group， 4-PBA was intraperitoneally injected first， followed by LPS administration 1 h later. Serum total bile acid （TBA）， liver injury markers， bile acid profiles， and the expression of key genes and proteins were detected 6 h after LPS treatment. ResultsLPS exposure increased serum TBA levels in pregnant mice（P<0.05）， activated ERS markers and inflammatory factors， and downregulated bile acid transporters and the expression of the rate limiting enzyme CYP7A1（all P<0.05）. 4-PBA intervention effectively inhibited ERS， reduced TBA levels（P<0.05）， and upregulated Ntcp， Bsep， Mdr3， and Mrp3 gene expression（all P<0.05）. ConclusionERS plays an important role in LPS interference with the homeostasis of bile acid metabolism during pregnancy. Inhibiting ERS can improve bile stasis by regulating bile acid transporters， providing a theoretical basis for targeted therapy of ICP.

Objective Jejunal interposition is an important option for restoring gastrointestinal continuity in patients with complex esophageal cancer in whom the stomach is unavailable for reconstruction due to previous gastrectomy, tumor involvement, failed gastric conduit, or other constraints. Although the jejunum offers a caliber similar to the esophagus, a rich blood supply, and preserved peristaltic function, anatomical variations in mesenteric length and vascular arcades render long-segment and high-level reconstruction susceptible to excessive tension, mesenteric torsion, venous congestion, and inadequate distal perfusion. This consensus aims to provide standardized recommendations for the application of jejunal interposition in this specific patient population. Methods This consensus was developed in accordance with the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development and Chinese national guideline development standards, with reference to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation Ⅱ(AGREE Ⅱ), Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT), and Scientific, Transparent and Applicable Rankings (STAR) checklists. The project was registered on the international practice guidelines registry platform (PREPARE-2026CN1384). The working group systematically searched Chinese and English evidence addressing 12 clinical questions. Evidence was graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) 2009 system, with structured appraisal of risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, and imprecision. Recommendations were formulated through two rounds of Delphi surveys and a face-to-face consensus meeting, with an agreement threshold of ≥75%. Results The consensus generated 12 recommendations covering indications, selection between jejunum and colon, preoperative assessment, surgical approach and reconstruction route, pedicled jejunal interposition (PJI), supercharged pedicled jejunal interposition (SPJ), indocyanine green (ICG) perfusion assessment, perioperative nutrition, management of anastomotic leakage, long-term follow-up, and special treatment scenarios. Given that the available direct evidence is predominantly derived from single-center retrospective cohorts and case series, recommendations extrapolated from general esophagectomy or other gastrointestinal surgical evidence are deliberately phrased with caution. Conclusion Jejunal interposition is a safe and effective approach for digestive tract reconstruction in patients with complex esophageal cancer in whom the stomach is unavailable. This consensus emphasizes that clinical decision-making should be individualized based on the patient's prior treatment history, reconstruction height, vascular anatomy, technical availability, and institutional experience in the Chinese context.

Objective To establish an expert consensus on the management of low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)in patients with rectal cancer post-surgery(hereinafter referred to as"consensus"),aiming to standardize the related work of medical institutions in the context of post-operative LARS.Methods A comprehensive search of domestic and international databases was conducted to collect guidelines,expert consensuses,systematic reviews,evidence summaries,and original research related to post-operative LARS in rectal cancer published from the establishment of the databases until August 2024.Based on clinical practice experience,a preliminary draft of the"consensus"was formed.From September to November 2024,22 experts were invited to participate in 2 rounds of expert consultations,during which the draft content was revised and improved,and the final version of the"consensus"was determined through expert validation.Results A total of 22 experts responded,achieving a response rate of 100％.The effective recovery rate of the consultation questionnaires in both rounds was 100％,with an expert authority coefficient of 0.89,a judgment coefficient of 0.97,and a familiarity degree of 0.84.The Kendall harmony coefficients for the 2 rounds of expert consultations were 0.122 and 0.136,respectively(P＜0.001).This consensus covers 5 main aspects:definition,assessment,prevention,treatment,and follow-up management of LARS.Conclusion This consensus demonstrates a high level of scientific rigor and can provide a strong reference for clinical nursing personnel in the specialized care of rectal cancer patients with post-operative LARS.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bactericidal effect of levulinic acid-sodium dodecyl sulfate(LVA-SDS)on the strains of Mycobacterium abscessus,Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum,and to provide a new method for the prevention of common pathogenic rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)dis-ease.METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC)of LVA-SDS were detected by microculture method and suspension quantitative bactericidal test,respectively.Using 1000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant(sodium hypochlorite)as the control,the killing effect of LVA-SDS at different times and concentrations on M.abscessus,M.chelonae and M.fortuitum were detected.RESULTS The MIC values of LVA-SDS against M.abscessus,M.chelonae and M.fortuitum were 0.0625%LVA+0.00625%SDS,0.03125%LVA+0.003125%SDS and 0.125%LVA+0.0125%SDS,respectively.The MBC values were 0.25%LVA+0.025%SDS,0.25%LVA+0.025%SDS,and 1%LVA+0.1%SDS,repectively.Within a cer-tain range,with the increase in LVA-SDS concentration and the extension of time(1-30 min),the bactericidal effect on M.abscessus,M.chelonae and M.fortuitum gradually enhanced.The killing rates of the 18%LVA+1.8%SDS for 5 minutes and the 6%LVA+0.6%SDS for 20 minutes to M.abscessus reached 100.00%;the kill-ing rates of the 18%LVA+1.8%SDS for 10 minutes and the 10%LVA+1%SDS for 25 minutes to M.chelo-nae reached 100.00%;while the killing rates of the 18%LVA+1.8%SDS for 5 minutes and the 6%LVA+0.6%SDS for 30 minutes to M.fortuitum reached 100.00%.Compared with 1000 mg/L chlorine-containing disin-fectant(sodium hypochlorite),LVA-SDS has equivalent bactericidal effects against M.abscessus and M.chelo-nae,and a better bactericidal effect against M.fortuitum.CONCLUSION LVA-SDS has a good bactericidal effect on M.abscessus,M.chelonae and M.fortuitum,and may be used in the disinfection of NTM in the future.

Objective To analyze the psychological status and related factors in elderly patients of different genders after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 303 eligible patients treated in our department from January 2021 to December 2024 were enrolled,and then divided into a male group(154 cases)and a female group(149 cases).Based on the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,they were assigned into a female anxiety group(97 cases),a female non-anxiety group(52 cases),a male anxiety group(82 cases)and a male non-anxiety group(72 cases).According to the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire,they were alsocategorized into a female depression group(92 cases),a female non-depression group(57 cases),a male depression group(75 cases)and a male non-depression group(79 cases).The basic clinical data and results of psychological assessment were recorded in each group.Statistical analysis was performed on the indicators,including total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Results The female patients had significantly higher scores of physical symptoms,anxiety and depression,and larger proportions of anxiety and depression than the male group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In the female patients,advance age,higher TC,TG and LDL-C levels and somatic symptom score were observed in those with anxiety than those without,and in those with depression group than those without(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The male anxiety group exhibited older age,more lesion vessels,larger ratio of ≥2 stents,and higher physical symptom score when compared with the male non-anxiety group,and so were in the male depression group than the male non-depression group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age,TC,LDL-C,and somatic symptom score were risk factors for anxiety,and age,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,and somatic symptom score were risk factors for depression in elderly female CHD patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).For the elderly male CHD patients,age,stents ≥2,and somatic symptom score were risk factors for anxiety(OR=1.068,95％CI:1.002-1.138,P＜0.05;OR=6.458,95％CI:2.807-14.858,P＜0.01;OR=1.148,95％CI:1.045-1.262,P＜0.01),and age,stents ≥2,and more lesion vessels were risk factors for depression(P＜0.01).Conclusion The female CHD patients undergoing PCI have higher anxiety and depression scores than the male patients.There are certain differences in the influencing factors for anxiety and depression between genders.Effective control of these risk factors may help improve the prognosis of CHD patients after PCI.

Objective:To investigate the association between blood pH measured by blood gas analysis during the first postnatal week and mortality in periviable extremely preterm infant (PEPI).Methods:This retrospective study analyzed 48 PEPIs (gestational age<24 weeks) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University between January 2021 and December 2023. According to the clinical outcomes during hospitalization, they were divided into two groups: death group ( n=12, including deaths despite active treatment and deaths due to treatment withdrawal) and survival group ( n=36, including cured and improved cases). Blood gas pH and base excess (BE) values during the first week were collected. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test (or Fisher exact test) were used to compare maternal perinatal conditions and neonatal blood pH values between the two groups. The percentiles ( P3 and P90) of blood pH and BE values were described for the survival group by age. Results:(1) Among the 48 PEPIs, four were born at 21 weeks, 11 at 22 weeks, and 33 at 23 weeks of gestation. The clinical outcomes showed a cure rate of 60.4% (29/48), improvement rate of 14.6% (7/48), mortality due to poor prognosis with treatment withdrawal of 8.3% (4/48), and mortality under active treatment of 16.7% (8/48). (2) There was statistically significant difference in the death after treatment withdrawal among the PEPIs born at 21, 22, and 23 weeks of gestation [1/4, 2/11, and 3.0% (1/33); χ2=7.41, P=0.025]. The death group had higher proportions of infants with Apgar score≤3 at 1, 5, or 10 min after birth as compared with the survival group [7/12 vs. 25.0% (9/36), χ 2=4.50; 7/12 vs.16.7% (6/36), χ 2=7.91; 5/12 vs. 5.6% (2/36), χ 2=9.42; all P<0.05]. (3) The median blood pH values in the death group were lower than those in the survival group at 1-4, and 6 d after birth [7.13 (7.06-7.24) vs. 7.25 (7.23-7.31), Z=－3.44; 7.03 (7.00-7.18) vs. 7.21 (7.16-7.24), Z=－3.07; 7.02 (7.02-7.11) vs. 7.18 (7.13-7.21), Z=－3.51; 7.14 (7.13-7.20) vs. 7.18 (7.16-7.21), Z=－2.38; 7.15 (7.13-7.19) vs. 7.19 (7.17-7.22), Z=－2.08; all P<0.05].The pH value of the deceased infants rapidly declined within three days after birth, with the median pH values at two days and three days of age both falling below 7.05. In deceased infants due to poor prognosis, the median pH value at 4-7 days of age remained consistently at or below 7.15. In the survivors, the blood pH and BE values decreased after birth and hit the bottom at 3 and 5 days of age, respectively ( P3: pH=7.10, BE=－16.10 mmol/L) before gradual recovery. Conclusions:PEPI tend to present with low blood pH during the first postnatal week. However, excessively low blood pH warrants vigilance against adverse outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To standardize the strategies for prevention and control of Chikungunya(CHIK)in healthcare in-stitutions so as to reduce the risk of transmission in the institutions.METHODS A working group comprising the ex-perts in hospital infection control,infectious diseases,and microbiology systematically reviewed domestic and international evidence and current guidelines,integrated China's vector ecology and healthcare realities,conducted two rounds of Delphi to achieve expert consensus,and graded the evidence and recommendation strength using the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine system.RESULTS The consensus issues 18 actionable recommendations on triage,patient mosquito-proof isolation,integrated vector control,protection of susceptible populations,environmental cleaning and disinfection,specimen management,medical textile handling,and outbreak emergency response,with each statement assigned an evi-dence level and recommendation strength.CONCLUSION This consensus is for the first time in China to provide evidence-graded strategies for control of CHIK in healthcare institutions,offering work flow-oriented,implementable guidance for clinicians,laboratorians,and infection-control personnel under different risk scenarios and enhancing the comprehensive coping capacity of the healthcare institutions.