BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)has many advantages,such as simple preparation,low production cost,and high safety,and has been widely used in the study of bone defect repair in oral and maxillofacial surgery,but there are problems such as too fast degradation rate and short release time of growth factors. OBJECTIVE:PRF was loaded into gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel and its osteogenic properties were analyzed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS:(1)New Zealand white rabbit venous blood was extracted to prepare PRF.GelMA hydrogels containing 0,0.05,0.075,and 0.1 g PRF were prepared,respectively,and were recorded as GelMA,GelMA/PRF-0.05,GelMA/PRF-0.075,and GelMA/PRF-0.1,respectively,to characterize the micromorphology and in vitro slow-release properties of the hydrogels.(2)Four kinds of hydrogels were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells,respectively,and the cell proliferation activity was detected with the single cultured cells as the control.After osteogenic induction,alkaline phosphatase activity,mineralization ability,mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenic genes(osteocalcin,osteopontin,RUNX2),ERK1/2-p38 MAPK pathway protein mRNA and protein expression levels were detected.(3)Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were taken.Four full-layer bone defects of 8 mm diameter were prepared in the skull of each rabbit,one of which was implanted without any material(blank control group),and the other three were implanted with GelMA hydrogel,PRF,and GelMA/PRF-0.1 hydrogel,respectively.The bone defect was detected by Micro-CT and bone morphology was observed at 4,8,and 12 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy observed that all the hydrogels of the four groups had honeycomb pore structure,and the pore size of the hydrogels decreased slightly with the increase of PRF content,but there was no significant difference between the groups.The three groups of GelMA/PRF hydrogel could release transforming growth factor β1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 at a certain rate,and the cumulative release of transforming growth factor β1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 increased significantly with the extension of time.(2)CCK-8 assay and live/dead staining showed that GelMA/PRF hydrogel could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.The results of alkaline phosphatase staining,alizarin red staining,and osteogenic gene detection showed that GelMA/PRF hydrogel could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells,and inhibit the expression of ERK1/2-p38 MAPK pathway protein,and showed a PRF content dependence.(3)Micro-CT scan showed that the bone mineral density and bone volume fraction in the bone defect of GelMA/PRF-0.1 hydrogel group were higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that compared with the other three groups,GelMA/PRF-0.1 hydrogel group had faster and more mature new bone formation at the bone defect.(4)These findings indicate that GelMA/PRF hydrogel has good osteogenic activity both in vivo and in vitro,which may be related to inhibiting the expression of ERK1/2-p38 MAPK pathway protein.

Objective To develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 10 main components, including berberine, phellodendrine, specnuezhenide, mangiferin, loganin, paeoniflorin, geniposide, baicalin, and acteoside in Compound Dihuang oral solution. Methods An UPLC-MS/MS method was established with an ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 （2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm）column and mobile phase of 0.1% formic water（A）-methanol solution（B） in a gradient elution manner. The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.2 ml/min.The temperature of column was 30℃. The injection volume was 2 μl. The MS detection was in MRM mode. Results 10 components in Compound Dihuang oral solution had a good linear relationship within their concentration range,and the precision, repeatability, stability and recovery met the requirements. The contents of berberine, phellodendrine, specnuezhenide, mangiferin, loganin, paeoniflorin, geniposide, baicalin, and acteoside in 7 batches of samples were （89.7-95.6） μg/ml, （164.0-177.7） μg/ml, （540.0-610.0） μg/ml, （408.7-429.0） μg/ml, （726.0-825.0） μg/ml, （503.7-572.0） μg/ml, （1380.0-1540.0） μg/ml, （2596.7-2896.7) μg/ml, （4866.7-5520.0) μg/ml, （61.8-67.2) μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The established method was easy to be repeated and operated. The contents of 10 components in Compound Dihuang oral solution could be determined quickly and accurately, which provided a reference for the quality control of hospital preparation.

Objective:To explore the current status of medication adherence to immunosuppressants in lung transplant recipients and to analyze its correlation with medication beliefs and perceived social support.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From June 2022 to April 2023, totally 233 lung transplant recipients who were followed up in the Department of Lung Transplantation at China-Japan Friendship Hospital were selected by convenience sampling. The Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS), the Chinese version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used for the survey. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between medication adherence to immunosuppressants, medication beliefs, and perceived social support in these lung transplant recipients.Results:A total of 233 questionnaires were distributed, with 213 valid responses received (91.42%). The incidence of non-adherence to immunosuppressants among the 213 transplant recipients was 41.78% (89/213), with the most common issue being not taking medication on time (27.23%, 58/213). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and perceived social support were influencing factors of medication adherence ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The current level of medication adherence to immunosuppressants in lung transplant recipients is relatively poor. Medication adherence is correlated with age and the level of perceived social support. Healthcare providers should pay attention to medication adherence in younger patients and enhance their perceived social support to increase adherence to immunosuppressive medications.

Objective To investigate the effect of Inonotus obliquus extract on Crohn's disease and its mechanism by proteomics technology.Methods Crohn's disease(CD)model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS).A total of 48 SD male rats were randomized into control,model,Inonotus obliquus low-dose(200 mg/kg),medium-dose(400 mg/kg),high-dose(800 mg/kg)groups,and positive control group(mesalazine,225 mg/kg).The disease activity index(DAI)score and the colonic mucosal injury index(CMDI)score were assessed after one week of drug intervention.HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the colon,and ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α in the serum.Proteins were extracted from the colonic tissues of the control group,model group,and Inonotus obliquus high-dose group,and bioinformatics analysis was performed for the proteins identified by quantitative proteomics.Finally,Western blot and RT-qPCR were employed to verify the key proteins.Results Compared with the model group,the DAI,CMDI and HE staining scores were significantly decreased in the medium and high dose groups(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),as well as the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αin serum(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Proteomic tests showed that there were 199 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)between the Inonotus obliquus high-dose group and the model group,of which 63 DEPs were related to CD.Bioinformatics analysis showed that these 63 DEPs were mainly involved in NOD-like receptor signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,necroptosis,and other pathways.Consistent with proteomic result,expressions of Vdac1 and Trpv2 were confirmed by Western blot and RT-qPCR in colon tissue.Conclusions Inonotus obliquus extract may regulate NOD-like receptor signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,and necroptosis by interfering with the expression of Vdac1 and Trpv2,so as to achieve the effect of treating CD.

To analyze the biological characteristics of Pasteurella multocida in bovine respiratory tract and its prevalence in large-scale cattle farms,bacterial isolation,culture,and morphological observation were conducted on the lungs and liver samples of dead cows suffering from respiratory diseases in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia.The isolated strains were studied through biochemical testing,16S rRNA gene sequencing,specific primer PCR identification,capsule serotyping,pathogenicity testing,virulence gene testing,drug sensitivity testing,and drug resistance gene detection methods.The results showed that six strains of Pasteurella multocida serotype A were isolated and identi-fied from the lungs of diseased and dead cows.After sequencing the 16S rRNA sequence of the bac-teria,it was found that the six strains of Pasteurella multocida had the closest genetic relationship with the Chongqing isolate CQ2(CP033599.1).The results of mouse pathogenicity test and viru-lence gene detection showed that all isolates were pathogenic and carried at least 16 or more related virulence genes such as exbB,nanB,sodC,oma 87,etc.,but no hsf1 and toxA were detected.The results of drug sensitivity tests and resistance gene detection showed that the isolated strains were sensitive to different degrees of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,and cefotaxime.They were resistant to streptomycin,clindamycin,and lincomycin,and resistance genes of str A,strB,and tet(H)were detected.The results indicate that there is a certain correlation between the pathoge-nicity and virulence genes,drug resistance phenotype,and drug resistance genes of Pasteurellamultocida type A in cattle.It is recommended to use quinolones(such as ciprofloxacin)and cepha-losporins(such as cefotaxime)antibacterial drugs in clinical practice,which can provide scientific basis and prevention and control plans for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases caused by Pasteurella multocida in cattle farms,and lay a foundation for the epidemiological mo-nitoring of bovine respiratory multocida pasteurellosis.

Hyperlipidaemic rats were randomly divided into a model group,a total flavonoids from echinops latifolius tausch(TFET)high,medium and low dose group,and a positive control group;meanwhile,healthy rats were selected as a blank control group.The rats in each group were dosed with the corresponding concentrations of TFET,simvastatin and distilled water for 45 consecutive days,and were tested for relevant lipid biochemical indexes,antioxidant indexes and PPARα path-way-related gene expression.The results showed that high-dose TFET could reduce the concentra-tions of TC,TG and LDL-C and increase the concentration of HDL-C very significantly;medium-dose TFET could reduce the concentrations of TC and TG very significantly and reduce the con-centration of LDL-C significantly;and low-dose TFET could reduce the concentrations of TC and LDL-C significantly.High,medium and low doses of TFET can extremely significantly reduce in-crease SOD activity;high and medium doses of TFET can extremely significantly reduce MDA content;high dose of TFET can extremely significantly increase T-AOC activity.The high dose of TFET could extremely significantly increase the expression of PPARα,CYP7A1 and CPT-1 genes in rat liver;the medium dose of TFET could extremely significantly increase the expression of CYP7A1 and CPT-1 genes,and could significantly increase the expression of PPARα gene;the low dose of TFET could extremely significantly increase the expression of CYP7A1 gene,and signifi-cantly increase the CPT-1 gene expression.The results suggest that TFET has antioxidant and lip-id-lowering effects on hyperlipidaemic rats,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of PPARα and its downstream related genes to promote fatty acid β-oxidation.

Objective To explore the applicability and optimal cut-off of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the diagnosis of pressure injury in ICU patients in China.Methods From April 2021 to October 2022,6 203 ICU patients from 35 tertiary hospitals in Gansu Province were included in the study by convenience sampling method.The standardized trained ICU nurses examined the skin and collected relevant data,determined whether or not there was pressure injury and its stage,and simultaneously used the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale for pressure injury risk assessment.The software was used to statistically analyze the area under the receive operating characteristic curve(AUC),Yoden index,sensitivity,specificity and other indexes of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the diagnosis of pressure injury in ICU patients.Results A total of 79 cases of pressure injury occurred during hospitalization in 6 203 ICU patients,with an incidence of 1.27％.Hierarchical analysis showed that the AUC of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the prediction and diagnosis of pressure injury ranged from 0.74 to 0.92 in ICU patients with different sex,age,length of ICU stay,whether or not mechanically ventilated,and whether or not surgical.The Yoden index,sensitivity and specificity were 0.40-0.74,77.27％-94.44％and 62.44％-82.63％,respectively.When the total score was ≤28 points,the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale obtained the highest AUC(0.86),and the Yoden index,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio,and negative likelihood ratio were 0.60,92.41％,67.26％,3.50％,99.86％,2.82 and 0.11,respectively.Conclusion The revised Cubbin & Jackson scale can be used as a suitable tool to effectively predict and diagnose pressure injury in ICU patients in China,and the optimal cut-off of ≤28 points is appropriate.

Objective To develop"a guideline for pressure injury risk assessment and prevention of neonates in NICU",and to provide guidance and references for clinical staff in the implementation of pressure injury assessment and prevention for neonates in NICU.Methods Based on the World Health 0rganization Guideline Development Manual and the results of systematic search for identified clinical problems,the GRADE method was used to evaluate the evidence and grade the recommendations,and the RIGHT report specifications were referred to for writing,and the guideline was developed and revised according to the results and recommendations of the expert review,so as to form the official guideline.Results The guideline included 2 aspects of pressure injury risk assessment and prevention,resulting in 12 clinical questions and 19 recommendations.Conclusion The guideline for risk assessment and prevention of pressure injury of neonates in NICU is an evidence-based guideline based on the best available evidence,clinical practice,and professional judgment,and it can provide a practical basis for scientific decision-making by clinical staff and managers.

Objective To develop"guideline for risk assessment and prevention of noninvasive ventilation related facial pressure injuries in adults"and to provide a reference for clinical medical staff to evaluate and prevent noninvasive ventilation related facial pressure injuries.Methods Referring to the"WHO Guideline Development Manual",clinical problems were formed through 3 rounds of Delphi expert consultation.The relevant recommendation opinions and evidence were screened,extracted,integrated and evaluated to form a draft consensus.Through a round of Delphi expert consultation and a round of expert consensus meeting,expert opinions were combined to modify and improve the content of each item to form a final draft of the expert consensus.Results Recommendations for the constructed guideline included 7 aspects of risk factors,high-risk sites,assessment tools,assessment timing and content,selection of non-invasive ventilation equipment,selection of dressings,and preventive measures,including 7 clinical questions and 15 recommendations.Conclusion The"guideline for risk assessment and prevention of noninvasive ventilation related facial pressure injuries in adults"was an evidence-based guideline based on the best evidence,Chinese clinical reality,and professional judgment,and it can provide practice bases for scientific clinical decisions making by clinical medical staff and managers.

Objective:To examine the impact of sleep quality on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and explore the potential mediating role of depression.Methods:Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted an on-site questionnaire survey among 310 elderly individuals with MCI in Haishu District, Ningbo City from April to June 2021.Out of the 310 questionnaires collected, 299 were deemed valid.The survey encompassed gathering basic demographic information of the participants, as well as administering the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale.Results:The cognitive functions of patients with MCI were found to be positively related to their education level( F=3.89, P<0.05).The correlation analysis indicated that sleep quality was positively correlated with depression( r=0.40, P<0.01)and negatively correlated with cognitive function( r=-0.22, P<0.01).Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between depression and cognitive function( r=-0.20, P<0.01).The mediation analysis revealed that depression played a role in mediating the influence of sleep quality on cognitive function, with a mediation effect of -0.02(95% CI: -0.03--0.01). Conclusions:The cognitive function of elderly individuals with MCI can be significantly affected by sleep quality, with depression playing a mediating role.