ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid （TUDCA） on neurogenic heterotopic ossification （NHO） after spinal cord injury and its potential mechanism. MethodsSPF-grade male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish an NHO model. The mice were randomly divided into three groups： sham operation group （laminectomy only）， NHO model group （spinal cord injury + intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin）， and TUDCA treatment group （NHO model + daily intragastric administration of TUDCA at 200 mg/kg for 4 consecutive weeks）. The area and maturity of heterotopic ossification were quantitatively assessed by micro-computed tomography（micro-CT） and hematoxylin-eosin（H&E） staining. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the interleukin（IL）-1β secretion level of M2 macrophages. RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in vitro and divided into control， tumor necrosis factor（TNF）α， and TNFα+TUDCA （200 μmol/L） groups to detect the expression level of the polarization marker CD206. Additionally， macrophages were divided into control， TUDCA 200 μmol/L， and TUDCA 400 μmol/L groups to assess the IL-1β secretion level. ResultsCompared with the NHO group， the bone volume in the TUDCA-treated group was significantly reduced （12.69±1.13 vs. 7.647±1.19， P=0.003）. Compared with the TNFα group， qPCR results showed that the expression of the M2 macrophage marker CD206 was significantly upregulated in the TNFα+TUDCA group （0.55±0.019，1.11±0.023， P＜0.001）. Compared with the control group， ELISA results showed that TUDCA stimulation of macrophages significantly upregulated IL-1β secretion （404.7±24.38 vs. 652.8±32.61， P=0.003 7）. TUDCA administration upregulated IL-1β secretion by local muscle macrophages and inhibited heterotopic ossification formation. ConclusionsTUDCA might participate in inhibiting NHO formation by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and upregulating IL-1β secretion， thereby alleviating the development and progression of neurogenic heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury. This finding provides experimental evidence for expanding the application of TUDCA in the treatment of complications following spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of H2A histone family member(H2AX)gene in human lung adenocarcinoma,and to explore its biological role in lung adenocarcinoma.Methods The tran-scriptome data of lung adenocarcinoma were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression database.The expression of H2AX mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent normal lung tissues was extracted by R 4.3.1 software,and the relationship between the expression of H2AX and the clinicopath-ological parameters of the patients was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were used to ana-lyze the prognostic value of H2AX gene expression.The expression of H2AX gene in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and normal bronchial epithelial cells was verified by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR).Gene set enrich-ment analysis,gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were used to explore the biological role of H2AX gene.Results The expression of H2AX mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues(P<0.001).qPCR results showed that compared with normal bronchial epithelial cells,the expression levels of H2AX mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and SPC-A1 were significantly increased(P<0.05).H2AX expression was associated with tumor stage(P=0.029)and N stage(P=0.016).Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that high expression of H2AX was associated with a lower overall survival rate of patients(P<0.001).Cox regression analysis showed that H2AX was an independent prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma patients(HR=1.011,95%CI 1.003-1.020,P=0.006).The results of functional enrichment analysis showed that H2AX gene was involved in molecular functions such as cell cycle,DNA replication,mismatch repair,and P53 signaling pathway.Conclusion H2AX gene is highly expressed in human lung adenocarcinoma,which is relat-ed to the malignant progression of tumor patients.H2AX gene can affect the progression of lung adenocarcino-ma through a variety of pathways,and may be used as a molecular marker for lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Tumor metabolic reprogramming and immune escape synergistically promote tumor progression, in which methionine (Met) metabolism plays a key role through epigenetic regulation and immune microenvironment remodelling. This paper systematically summarzes the mechanisms by which aberrant Met metabolism leads to “methionine addiction” and maintains the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, and describes its multiple modulations of the immune system: inducing T-cell depletion, promoting the polarization of M2-type macrophages, inhibiting the activity of NK cells, and enhancing the function of tumor-associated fibroblasts. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies targeting Met metabolism, including methionine-restricted diets, metabolic enzyme (MAT2A, NNMT) inhibitors, and epigenetic targets (PRMT5 inhibitors), are explored to provide theoretical reference for the development of Met-targeted therapies.

Objective To investigate the consistency between colonoscopic Boston bowel preparation score and the bowel cleanliness evaluated by pre-endoscopy naked eye faecal observation,so as to provide a guidance on bowel preparation.Methods From September 2018 to June 2019,convenience sampling method was used to select 150 inpatients who underwent colonoscopy in the Department of Gastroenterology of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou as the research objects.Before colonoscopy,the compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder was taken orally according to the bowel preparation plan for cleaning the colorectum.Before the colonoscopic examination,the naked eye observation method by nurses was used to observe the transparency of the excreta to evaluate the cleanliness of colorectum.Then the colorectal cleanliness was evaluated by endoscope by the operator using the Boston bowel preparation assessment scale(BBPS)during colonoscopy.Results A total of 145 patients completed the study.The cleanliness of bowel preparation was 93.1%with the naked eye observation and 88.27%with colonoscopy.There was no significant difference between the two assessment methods in judging the effectiveness of bowel preparation(P<0.05).The sensitivity of naked eye observation in judging bowel preparation was 96.10%with a 29.41%of specificity.The positive predictive value was 91.11%,and the negative predictive value was 50%(Kappa=0.310,P<0.001).Conclusion The naked eye observation and evaluation method for bowel preparation has advantages in high sensitivity,low specificity,high positive predictive value and low negative predictive value.It can be used as a preliminary evaluation method for cleanliness of colorectum before colonoscopy.

Through the addition of discussion course associated with judicial expertise during the pre medical education, integration of true and typical forensic pathological cases into basic medical theory and experimental education, further addition of optional course of forensic medicine,and guiding the medical students applying the scientifically training projects about forensic pathology, students may improve their learning interesting and clinical thought, and are made early warning and increase the abilities of preventing and dealing with the suddenly medical tangles in the future, at the same time, the medical teachers also increase their professional levels and teaching qualities.These benefit the growing up of high quality medical doctors, decrease and even prevent the happening of medical tangles.

Objective To explore the etiology,clinical features,and imaging features of multiple osteochondroma.Methods A total of 21 patients of multiple osteochondroma with completely clinical and imaging data were brought into this study.All these patients accepted X ray DR examination, and 15 cases of them accepted CT scanning and 4 cases of them accepted MRI examination.The clinical and imaging data were analyzed retrospectively combined with the relative literature.Results All the 21 patients with multiple osteochondroma had family history,and it's likely to be found in the metaphysis of limb long bone.Patients with multiple osteochondroma usually had bony lump with cartilage cap in long bones' metaphysis.It often occured in double sides but not symmetry,and it was more likely to be found in the lower limbs.Bone around the knee-joint was the most common position of lesion,and the growth direction was usually deviating from the joints.Conclusion Multiple osteochondroma has the characteristics of internalization bone cartilage defects and osseous vegetations formation,and it's usually combined with bone bending,shortening deformity and adjacent joint activities obstacles.It can be diagnosed according to the typical clinical features,X-ray and CT imaging features.

Objective:To explore the effects of lanthanum nitrate low-dose on 2 type diabetic rat pancreas INSR ,IRS1 and apoptosis of cells.Methods:The 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (10) and model group(40),and were given normal diet and high-fat high-sugar diet.After 8 weeks,making the module intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,30 mg/kg) rats to induce type 2 diabetes model ,after a successful modeling experimental animals were divided into three groups namely the control group,diabetic model group and La(NO3)3 treatment group,three groups of rats were given daily saline,saline,lanthanum (0.2 mg/kg) nitrate administered a month ,then were sacrificed blood and pancreas.By radioimmunoassay to detect glucose ,insulin levels(in rat serum);by ELISA to detect the protein content of INSR and IRS 1(in rat serum);by immunohistochemistry to detect the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS1(in rat pancreas tissue);TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was used to detect pancreatic tissue percentage of apoptosis;HE staining was used to detect pathological changes of the pancreas.Results: Compared with the normal control group,diabetic model rats blood glucose and pancreatic tissue apoptosis rate were significantly increased ,blood insulin,INSR and IRS1 protein content and pancreatic tissue the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS 1 were significantly reduced ,difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01 );La( NO3 ) 3 treatment group blood glucose and pancreatic tissue apoptosis rate were slightly elevated ,blood insulin , INSR and IRS1 protein content and pancreatic tissue the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS 1 were slightly reduced significantly(P<0.05);Light microscopy showed pancreatic tissue in the control group closely arranged ,plump,large volume islet pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats in groups evacuate more smaller islet volume ,pancreatic tissue lanthanum nitrate basic set tight,plump,slightly islet volume small.Conclusion:Oral lanthanum nitrate can be lowered blood sugar levels and inhibiting apoptosis of pancreatic tissue ,increased insulin levels and the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS 1 in pancreatic tissue ,have a protective effect on diabetic rat pancreas .

To investigate the effect of treasure pill pretreatment on hypoxic brain injury Fas and Fas L protein expression.Methods:Newborn 7d Wistar rats 200,male or female,were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=40):normal control group, model group 1h hypoxia(Ⅰm-12h,Ⅰm-24h,Ⅰm-48h,Ⅰm-72h),model group 4h hypoxia(Ⅳm-12h,Ⅳm-24h,Ⅳm-48h,Ⅳm-72h), hypoxic 1h treasure pill treatment group(ⅠT-14h,ⅠT-24h,ⅠT-48h,ⅠT-72h),hypoxic 4h treasure pill treatment group(ⅣT-14h,ⅣT-24 h ,ⅣT-48 h ,ⅣT-72 h ).The newborn Wistar rats were placed in hypoxia chamber of 8%O2+92%N2 ( V/V) for establishment the model of neonatal rats with hypoxia.Before modeling continuous 7 d once-daily oral administration of saline and treasure pill , during hypoxia also dose ,after hypoxia 12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h animals were sacrificed blood and brain tissues tested.By ELISA to detect the protein levels of Fas and Fas L in serum and brain tissue;by immunohistochemistry method to detect the expression of Fas and Fas L in rat brain tissue.Results:Compared with normal control group ,other four groups the protein content and protein expression of Fas and Fas L are in the 12h time points after hypoxic significantly increased ,and 24 h time point that pealed at statistically significant ( P<0.01 ) ,model group was significantly higher than the treatment group at each time point ;model groups in 48 h,72 h time point the protein expression and protein content of Fas and Fas L was less than 12 h time point but still significantly higher than the control group ( P<0.01 );treasure pill groups in 48 h,72 h time point the protein expression and protein content of Fas and Fas L was less than 12 h time point ,and slightly higher than the normal control group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: Treasures pill can cut hypoxic brain damage in rats,the positive expression of Fas and Fas L protein content and protein ,and thus the hypoxic brain injury has a protective effect.

Objective To explore the relationship between the cognitive disorders in the first episode of schizophrenia and P300 components.Methods P300 components were measured by using an auditory oddball paradigm with a Denmark KeyPoint Evoked Potentials instrument in 60 cases of schizophrenia and 3 cases of schizophreniform disorder,whose psychopathological status was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Forty healthy subjects were used as control.Results The principal component analysis of the PANSS items revealed five factors:cognitive disorder,negative symptoms,depressive disorder,hostility/excitement and delusion/hallucination.The patients had lower amplitude of P300 at Fz,Cz,Pz,T3 and T4 than the normal controls(P

Objective To investigate the long-term effects of low dosage Changle intake on the serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen of rats. Methods The levels of serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen in rat were measured by radioimmunoassay and microscopy image analysis system after 6 and 7 months of administrated with Changle(0. 1, 0.2, 2.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). Results Taken Changle for 6 months, the serum insulin level in the 10.0 mg/kg group reduced, hepatocyte glycogen level increased in the female and the male rats. In 0.1, 0.2, and 2.0 mg/kg groups, the serum insulin level increased and the hepatocyte glycogen level decreased in the male. After 6 months of the Changle treatment, the treatment was then followed by normal food, one month later, the level of serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen returned to the normal level. Conclusion A long-term low dosage exposure of Changle can induce the serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen changes in rats and the serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen levels may return to the normal levels after a short time of stopping Changle intake.