Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of male genitourinary system. Prostate cancer has the following characteristics： insidious onset， early asymptomatic or not obvious symptoms， complex etiology and pathogenesis， long incubation period and so on. Therefore， the realization of its early diagnosis and treatment is of great significance to the prognosis of patients. Prostate-specific membrane antigen （PSMA） is a type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed on the membrane of almost all primary and metastatic prostate cancer cells， and is an ideal target for prostate cancer imaging and treatment. In recent years， with the approval of urea-containing small molecule PET （positron emission computed tomography） radiopharmaceutical based on PSMA （⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11， ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007）， PET-CT （positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography） has shown new potential for early diagnosis and accurate staging of prostate cancer patients. This review mainly summarizes the research progress of urea-containing PSMA PET imaging agents and finds that they have defects such as uptake in non-target tissues like the kidneys， lacrimal glands， and salivary glands. Thus， further optimizing their structure to reduce the uptake in non-target tissues， providing provide convenience for the labeling of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals， thereby achieving the goal of integrated diagnosis and treatment， is an important development direction in this field.

Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a widely utilized therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the clinical implementation is constrained by the stringent preparation conditions of radioembolization agents. Herein, we incorporated the superstable homogeneous iodinated formulation technology (SHIFT), simultaneously utilizing an enhanced solvent form in a carbon dioxide supercritical fluid environment, to encapsulate radionuclides (such as ¹³¹I,¹⁷⁷Lu, or ¹⁸F) with lipiodol for the preparation of radiolipiodol. The resulting radiolipiodol exhibited exceptional stability and ultra-high labeling efficiency (≥99%) and displayed notable intratumoral radionuclide retention and in vivo stability more than 2 weeks following locoregional injection in subcutaneous tumors in mice and orthotopic liver tumors in rats and rabbits. Given these encouraging findings, ¹⁸F was authorized as a radiotracer in radiolipiodol for clinical trials in HCC patients, and showed a favorable tumor accumulation, with a tumor-to-liver uptake ratio of ≥50 and minimal radionuclide leakage, confirming the feasibility of SHIFT for TARE applications. In the context of transforming from preclinical to clinical screening, the preparation of radiolipiodol by SHIFT represents an innovative physical strategy for radionuclide encapsulation. Hence, this work offers a reliable and efficient approach for TARE in HCC, showing considerable promise for clinical application (ChiCTR2400087731).

Objective To explore the effects of individualized nutrition intervention combined with one-day outpatient mode on blood glucose management and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total of 395 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM who underwent prenatal examination in Maternity and Child Health Care of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as study objects.According to the nutritional intervention measures,the pregnant women were divided into control group(102 cases),nutrition intervention group(141 cases)and combined intervention group(152 cases).The control group was given routine diet education,and nutrition intervention group received individualized nutrition intervention on the basis of control group,and combined intervention group received one-day outpatient intervention on the basis of nutrition intervention group.All pregnant women in three groups were intervened until delivery.The general data,blood glucose indexes and pregnancy outcome of three groups were compared.Results After the intervention,the levels of preprandial blood glucose and 2h postprandial blood glucose on the day of delivery,glycated hemoglobin in late pregnancy and postpartum fasting blood glucose in combined intervention group were significantly lower than those in nutrition intervention group and control group(P＜0.05).The levels of preprandial blood glucose on the day of delivery and postpartum fasting blood glucose in nutrition intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).The incidence of preterm birth,low birth weight infants,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal hypoglycemia in nutrition intervention group and combined intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Individualized nutrition intervention combined with one-day outpatient mode can help to manage blood glucose in pregnant women with GDM and improve pregnancy outcome.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of left ventricular assist device(LVAD) in the treatment of end-stage heart failure.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. Data were retrospectively analyzed from 48 patients treated at eight domestic cardiac surgery centers in China between March 2022 and September 2024, who underwent LVAD implantation due to end-stage heart failure. All surgeries were led by the cardiovascular surgery team from Nanjing First Hospital. The study included 42 male and 6 female patients, aged (59.1±12.3) years (range:28 to 73 years). All patients had a preoperative New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class of Ⅳ. General preoperative data, intraoperative extracorporeal circulation time, cross-clamp time, postoperative ICU stay, hospital stay, pump parameters at discharge, intraoperative and postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction, and follow-up results post-discharge were collected. The generalized estimation equation was used to compare the difference of cardiac function indexes in patients with different follow-up time points. The Tukey′s Honestly Significant Difference test was used for pairwise comparison within the group.Results:The surgery was successfully completed for 47 patients, and 1 perioperative death. The extracorporeal circulation time was (122.4±21.6) minutes (range: 101 to 200 minutes), the cross-clamp time was (70.1±18.3) minutes (range: 101 to 200 minutes), the postoperative ICU length of stay was (6.9±3.2) days (range: 2 to 23 days), and the hospital length of stay was (28.1±4.2) days (range: 23 to 42 days). At discharge, the blood bump flow rate was (3.4±0.6) L/min(range: 3.1 to 3.6 L/min), and speed was (2 791.3±142.0) r/min(range: 2 680 to 3 250 r/min). The follow-up period was (12.2±0.78) months (range:2 to 24 months) of 47 patients. One case underwent heart transplantation during the follow-up period, and 3 cases died, with no major device malfunction events. Three months post-surgery, the patients showed a significant reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter compared to pre-surgery ((69.1±8.3) mm vs. (77.3±8.3) mm, q=6.73, P<0.01); the left ventricular ejection fraction significantly increased ((29.6±8.0)% vs. (23.2±5.8)%, q=6.49, P<0.01); and the 6-minute walk distance significantly improved ((382.0±12.8)metres vs. (114.8±18.4)metres, q=116.56, P<0.01). Six months postoperatively, all patients′ cardiac function had recovered to NYHA class Ⅰor Ⅱ. Conclusions:Preliminary research findings indicate that left ventricular assist device therapy yields favorable outcomes in the treatment of end-stage heart failure. serving as a bridge to transplantation, recovery, or a destination therapy.

Objective To compare the ability of single-phase,dual-phase,and triphasic models in forecasting postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)using radiomics based on triphasic enhanced CT.Methods A total of 181 patients who underwent multi-phase enhanced CT prior to PD were retrospectively selected,and the collection phase included non-contrast,arterial phase(AP),and equilibrium phase(EP).3D Slicer software was utilized to segment the region of interest(ROI)for the postoperative pancreatic remnant on each phase.Radiomics feature extraction was performed using R software,followed by feature selection through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression with five-fold cross-validation to prevent model overfitting.The effective features selected were combined in a weighted linear manner to obtain a Radiomics score(Radscore).The patients were divided into training set and test set in a 7︰3 ratio.Logistic regression was employed to construct seven POPF prediction models(three single-phase,three dual-phase,and one triphasic models)based on different phase combinations.The diagnostic performance of the models was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,accuracy(ACC),sensitivity(SEN),and specificity(SPE).The DeLong test was applied to compare the differences in AUC among different models.Results After LASSO regression,24 effective features associated with POPF were selected from different phases.In the test set,the triphasic model exhibited the highest AUC and ACC(AUC=0.76,ACC=0.808).The calibration curve demonstrated the strongest agreement between the estimated probabilities and observed probabilities for the triphasic model.The decision curve analysis(DCA)curve indicated that the triphasic model had the largest threshold range with a higher net benefit.Conclusion Compared with single-phase and dual-phase models,the triphasic model based on enhanced CT provides better prediction of POPF after PD,aiding clinical decision-making and improve prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the awareness of and factors influencing the adjusted national immunization schedule for the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine among grassroots immunization service personnel in China.Methods:Based on the snowball sampling method from January to February 2025, immunization service personnel from all provinces of China were selected from the "Tingting Experts Talk" WeChat platform, with concurrent dissemination through the "National Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Communication Group" WeChat group. The questionnaire included basic demographic characteristics and knowledge of the DTaP vaccine immunization policy (13 questions in total). Respondents who answered ≥10 questions correctly were defined as being aware of the policy adjustment. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing awareness.Results:A total of 8 030 valid questionnaires were collected from 29 provinces, with a valid response rate of 92.91%. The overall awareness accuracy rates among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) personnel and the point of vaccination (POV) staff were 74.1% and 62.5%, respectively. The awareness rate of the core points of policy adjustment among the research subjects exceeded 90%. Among the questions regarding the operational details of policy implementation, the correct rate of answering questions related to the catch-up vaccination principles was relatively low (37.1%-74.0%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with those with primary titles, CDC personnel with senior titles had higher mastery of the policy adjustment, with an OR (95% CI) value of 2.238 (1.343-3.730). Compared with those engaged in disease surveillance and immunization strategy research, CDC personnel with other work types had lower awareness of the policy adjustment, with an OR (95% CI) value of 0.404 (0.195-0.833). Compared with those in western regions, with primary titles, and without relevant training, POV staff in central regions, eastern regions, with intermediate titles, with senior titles, with one relevant training session, and with ≥2 relevant training sessions had better awareness of the program adjustment, with OR (95% CI) values of 1.214 (1.085-1.358), 1.412 (1.246-1.600), 1.606 (1.446-1.784), 1.737 (1.443-2.091), 2.254 (1.509-3.366), and 2.674 (1.769-3.981), respectively. Compared with those engaged in information registration/recipient notification, POV staff with vaccination services and other work types had lower awareness of the program adjustment, with OR (95% CI) values of 0.713 (0.633-0.803) and 0.508 (0.427-0.604), respectively. Conclusion:Although grassroots immunization service personnel show an insufficient mastery of certain catch-up vaccination knowledge, they demonstrate a good understanding of overall principles and routine immunization schedules shortly after the policy adjustment, which can effectively ensure an orderly transition between old and new immunization strategies.

Objective To re-evaluate systematic reviews on the application of virtual reality(VR)technology in limb rehabilitation for stroke patients,providing evidence to support the implementation of VR.Methods Systematic searches were conducted in Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,CBM,WanFang,and VIP databases from their inception until March 2025,identifying systematic reviews/meta-analyses investigating VR for limb rehabilitation in stroke patients.2 researchers independently screened the literature.Methodological quality was evaluated using the Assessment of Mutiple System Reviews 2(AMSTAR 2)tool;reporting quality was evaluated according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines;evidence quality was graded using the Grades of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system;literature overlap was assessed using the Corrected Covered Area(CCA)method.Results A total of 15 articles were included.According to AMSTAR 2,totally 3 reviews were of moderate quality,while the remainder were rated as low or very low quality.PRISMA scores ranged from 19.5 to 27.0 points.Based on GRADE,a review was classified as high quality,6 as moderate quality,and the remainder as low or very low quality.The CCA was 5.3％,indicating slight overlap.Conclusion VR contributes to the improvement of indicators such as upper limb motor function/mobility and lower limb balance in stroke patients.However,methodological limitations,including weak control of bias and inadequate handling of heterogeneity among included studies,restrict the overall quality of evidence.Further standardized,high-quality studies are needed to provide more reliable evidence to support clinical decision-making.

Objective To compare the ability of single-phase,dual-phase,and triphasic models in forecasting postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)using radiomics based on triphasic enhanced CT.Methods A total of 181 patients who underwent multi-phase enhanced CT prior to PD were retrospectively selected,and the collection phase included non-contrast,arterial phase(AP),and equilibrium phase(EP).3D Slicer software was utilized to segment the region of interest(ROI)for the postoperative pancreatic remnant on each phase.Radiomics feature extraction was performed using R software,followed by feature selection through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression with five-fold cross-validation to prevent model overfitting.The effective features selected were combined in a weighted linear manner to obtain a Radiomics score(Radscore).The patients were divided into training set and test set in a 7︰3 ratio.Logistic regression was employed to construct seven POPF prediction models(three single-phase,three dual-phase,and one triphasic models)based on different phase combinations.The diagnostic performance of the models was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,accuracy(ACC),sensitivity(SEN),and specificity(SPE).The DeLong test was applied to compare the differences in AUC among different models.Results After LASSO regression,24 effective features associated with POPF were selected from different phases.In the test set,the triphasic model exhibited the highest AUC and ACC(AUC=0.76,ACC=0.808).The calibration curve demonstrated the strongest agreement between the estimated probabilities and observed probabilities for the triphasic model.The decision curve analysis(DCA)curve indicated that the triphasic model had the largest threshold range with a higher net benefit.Conclusion Compared with single-phase and dual-phase models,the triphasic model based on enhanced CT provides better prediction of POPF after PD,aiding clinical decision-making and improve prognosis.

Objective To explore the effects of individualized nutrition intervention combined with one-day outpatient mode on blood glucose management and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total of 395 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM who underwent prenatal examination in Maternity and Child Health Care of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as study objects.According to the nutritional intervention measures,the pregnant women were divided into control group(102 cases),nutrition intervention group(141 cases)and combined intervention group(152 cases).The control group was given routine diet education,and nutrition intervention group received individualized nutrition intervention on the basis of control group,and combined intervention group received one-day outpatient intervention on the basis of nutrition intervention group.All pregnant women in three groups were intervened until delivery.The general data,blood glucose indexes and pregnancy outcome of three groups were compared.Results After the intervention,the levels of preprandial blood glucose and 2h postprandial blood glucose on the day of delivery,glycated hemoglobin in late pregnancy and postpartum fasting blood glucose in combined intervention group were significantly lower than those in nutrition intervention group and control group(P＜0.05).The levels of preprandial blood glucose on the day of delivery and postpartum fasting blood glucose in nutrition intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).The incidence of preterm birth,low birth weight infants,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal hypoglycemia in nutrition intervention group and combined intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Individualized nutrition intervention combined with one-day outpatient mode can help to manage blood glucose in pregnant women with GDM and improve pregnancy outcome.