Objective:To understand the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody in follow-up in 0-18 months-old children born to pregnant women with syphilis in China in 2021 and analyze the related factors.Methods:The basic information of pregnant women with syphilis and follow-up information of their children in 2021 were extracted from the National Management Information System for the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B. The logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody.Results:In 2021, a total of 34 201 children was delivered by syphilis-infected pregnant women, and 23 592 (68.98%) children were included in this study. Negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody occurred in 21 076 (89.34%) children, but not in 2 516 (10.66%) children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with a higher probability of the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody: prophylactic benzathine penicillin injection at birth (a OR=1.35,95% CI:1.10-1.65), mother's age 26-30 years (a OR=1.22,95% CI:1.01-1.46), 36-40 years (a OR=1.34, 95% CI:1.09-1.64), other ethnic groups (a OR=1.19,95% CI:1.04-1.36), non-syphilis-specific antibody titers less than 1∶8 during pregnancy (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.37-1.78), penicillin treatment (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.23-1.98) and standardized treatment (a OR=1.21,95% CI:1.11-1.32). Conclusions:In 2021,the level of syphilitic-specific antibody negative conversion in follow-up in children born to pregnant women with syphilis was high in China. According to the factors associated with syphilis-specific antibody negative conversion, it is necessary to develop the follow-up strategies for the children born to pregnant women.

Objective:To construct a nanoparticle vaccine displaying the prefusion F (preF) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using the I53-50 protein nanoparticle platform, and to systematically evaluate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy.Methods:The RSV preF trimer antigen was genetically fused to I53-50A and assembled in vitro with I53-50B to form preF-I53-50 nanoparticles, theoretically displaying 20 preF antigens per particle. The structure and purity were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, SDS-PAGE, and negative-stain electron microscopy. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with varying doses (1 μg or 5 μg) of preF antigen or an equimolar amount of preF-I53-50 nanoparticles. Humoral immunity, B-cell responses, and protective efficacy were assessed following intranasal viral challenge.Results:The preF-I53-50 nanoparticles self-assembled into spherical structures (50-60 nm in diameter) with uniformly arrayed antigens. The nanoparticle vaccine enhanced RSV-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses, promoting a Th1-biased immune profile. At equimolar preF doses, the neutralizing antibody titers induced by 1 μg and 5 μg nanoparticle formulations were 2.8-fold and 2.3-fold higher, respectively, than those elicited by preF alone ( P<0.05). Notably, even the low-dose nanoparticle group outperformed the high-dose preF group (1.6-fold increase). Viral challenge experiments demonstrated that preF-I53-50 effectively suppressed pulmonary viral replication, mitigated pathological damage, and induced stronger germinal center and memory B-cell responses, suggesting enhanced B-cell affinity maturation and long-term immune memory. Conclusion:The preF-I53-50 vaccine improves the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of RSV preF through multivalent antigen display.

Objective:To investigate the safety of Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and bipolar plasma resection of prostate (BPRP) in the treatment of large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (LV-BPH), and to analyze their long-term follow-up results.Methods:Two hundred patients of LV-BPH admitted to Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM·Hebei from January 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively selected and divided into BPRP group and HoLEP group according to different treatment methods, with 100 cases in each group. Patients in BPRP group were treated with BPRP, and patients in HoLEP group were treated with HoLEP. The clinical data, perioperative indicators, postoperative complications and long-term follow-up results were compared between groups. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), paired sample t-test was used for intra-group comparison, covariance analysis or independent sample t-test was used for inter-group comparison, and analysis of variance of repeated measurement data was used for multi-time node comparison. Count data were expressed as the cases and percentage, and Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results:The operation time [(31.46±13.47) min vs (40.25±15.33) min], clearance time [(28.14±12.94) min vs (37.16±13.15) min] and the decrease in hemoglobin [(5.14±1.93) g/L vs (7.92±2.45) g/L] of patients in the HoLEP group were lower than those in the BPRP group, and the clearance efficiency [(1.58±0.19) g/min vs (1.30±0.10) g/min] was higher than that in the BPRP group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative hematuria (1.00% vs 8.00%) in HoLEP group was lower than that in BPRP group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of other complications and total complications except hematuria between BPRP group and HoLEP group ( P>0.05). The results of covariance analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in serum sodium, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine (PVR), international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) score at different time points after the operation ( P>0.05). The analysis of variance of repeated measurement data showed that the group effects of the above indexes were F=0.91, 0.52, 1.30, 0.40, 0.02, 0.63, respectively, all P>0.05, and the time effects were F=18.57, 104.31, 814.68, 1 106.64, 1 894.37, 555.31, respectively, all P<0.001, and the interaction effects were F=2.79, 0.75, 1.22, 1.20, 0.02, 0.72, respectively, all P>0.05. Conclusions:The application of HoLEP and BPRP in LV-BPH patients are beneficial to improve prostate symptoms and quality of life, with equal safety and effectiveness. However, compared with BPRP, HoLEP applied to LV-BPH patients has the advantages of short operation time, high clearance efficiency, small decrease of hemoglobin and low risk of postoperative hematuria.

Objective:To understand the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody in follow-up in 0-18 months-old children born to pregnant women with syphilis in China in 2021 and analyze the related factors.Methods:The basic information of pregnant women with syphilis and follow-up information of their children in 2021 were extracted from the National Management Information System for the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B. The logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody.Results:In 2021, a total of 34 201 children was delivered by syphilis-infected pregnant women, and 23 592 (68.98%) children were included in this study. Negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody occurred in 21 076 (89.34%) children, but not in 2 516 (10.66%) children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with a higher probability of the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody: prophylactic benzathine penicillin injection at birth (a OR=1.35,95% CI:1.10-1.65), mother's age 26-30 years (a OR=1.22,95% CI:1.01-1.46), 36-40 years (a OR=1.34, 95% CI:1.09-1.64), other ethnic groups (a OR=1.19,95% CI:1.04-1.36), non-syphilis-specific antibody titers less than 1∶8 during pregnancy (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.37-1.78), penicillin treatment (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.23-1.98) and standardized treatment (a OR=1.21,95% CI:1.11-1.32). Conclusions:In 2021,the level of syphilitic-specific antibody negative conversion in follow-up in children born to pregnant women with syphilis was high in China. According to the factors associated with syphilis-specific antibody negative conversion, it is necessary to develop the follow-up strategies for the children born to pregnant women.

Objective:To construct a nanoparticle vaccine displaying the prefusion F (preF) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using the I53-50 protein nanoparticle platform, and to systematically evaluate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy.Methods:The RSV preF trimer antigen was genetically fused to I53-50A and assembled in vitro with I53-50B to form preF-I53-50 nanoparticles, theoretically displaying 20 preF antigens per particle. The structure and purity were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, SDS-PAGE, and negative-stain electron microscopy. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with varying doses (1 μg or 5 μg) of preF antigen or an equimolar amount of preF-I53-50 nanoparticles. Humoral immunity, B-cell responses, and protective efficacy were assessed following intranasal viral challenge.Results:The preF-I53-50 nanoparticles self-assembled into spherical structures (50-60 nm in diameter) with uniformly arrayed antigens. The nanoparticle vaccine enhanced RSV-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses, promoting a Th1-biased immune profile. At equimolar preF doses, the neutralizing antibody titers induced by 1 μg and 5 μg nanoparticle formulations were 2.8-fold and 2.3-fold higher, respectively, than those elicited by preF alone ( P<0.05). Notably, even the low-dose nanoparticle group outperformed the high-dose preF group (1.6-fold increase). Viral challenge experiments demonstrated that preF-I53-50 effectively suppressed pulmonary viral replication, mitigated pathological damage, and induced stronger germinal center and memory B-cell responses, suggesting enhanced B-cell affinity maturation and long-term immune memory. Conclusion:The preF-I53-50 vaccine improves the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of RSV preF through multivalent antigen display.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of quality management of cold chain medicines in direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies and propose measures for pre-emptive risk management,providing references for the quality risk management of cold chain medicines.METHODS Based on the requirements of national regulations,a survey was conducted on the quality management of cold chain medicines in DTP pharmacies of J Province from November 2023 to February 2024,focusing on the receipt,storage,distribution,and delivery processes,using questionnaires,telephone interviews,and on-site visits.Common quality management issues in the operation of cold chain medicines were identified,and the causes of these issues were analyzed to propose feasible pre-emptive risk management measures.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS A total of 122 DTP pharmacies participated in the questionnaire survey,and personnel from 30 DTP pharmacies participated in on-site and telephone interviews.Typical problems were identified in some DTP pharmacies,including insufficient personnel allocation or training,incomplete or inadequate implementation of quality system documentation,inadequate provision or management of cold chain facilities and equipment,and non-compliant storage and distribution of cold chain medicines.These issues posed certain risks to the quality management of cold chain medicines.It is recommended that DTP pharmacies strengthen personnel allocation and training,improve quality system documentation,enhance the provision and management of facilities and equipment,standardize storage and transportation operations,and strengthen supervision and assessment as pre-emptive measures.In addition,all sectors of society should also collaborate in governance from the perspective of ensuring the safety of cold chain drug storage and transportation,in order to mitigate the risk of quality and safety issues during the distribution of cold chain drugs and guarantee the safe and effective use of medications for patients.

Objective To assess the status of rodent infestation in commercial kitchens using data from the‘Bright Kitchen, Clean Stove' initiative. The potential use of artificial-intelligence(AI)-based surveillance systems to monitor rodent density was explored, thereby providing a scientific basis for rodent control strategies. Methods As a component of the ‘Bright Kitchen, Clean Stove' initiative, the Minhang District Market Supervision Administration in Shanghai has installed cameras in 297 kitchens. These systems incorporate an AIpowered rodent image recognition method that automatically captures and stores the first image captured in each kitchen each day when a rodent is detected. In 2023, the system collected and stored 736 screenshots of rodents. Following manual verification,720 of the images were confirmed to contain rodents. The images were analyzed by noting the time, location, and kitchen area, and the species were manually identified to assess the population density. Results Rodent activity was detected in 34 of the 297 monitored kitchens, with an overall infestation rate of 11.45%. Of the 720 confirmed images of rodents, Rattus norvegicus(brown rat)was the predominant species, present in 409(56.81 %)images. Rodents were primarily concentrated in hot food preparation spaces. The density fluctuation curve had a multimodal pattern peaking in spring and autumn. The peak of daily activity was between 22: 00 and 2: 00. There was a significant difference in the rodent detection frequency between weekends and weekdays during peak hours and during non-peak hours(χ2=7.18, P＜ 0.01). Conclusions The ‘Bright Kitchen, Clear Stove' smart monitoring system has been proven to be applicable to rodent density monitoring. To control rodents in commercial kitchens, greater efforts are required to address and identify the specific infesting conditions and the key points in the control process.

Objective:To understand the loss to follow-up of children born to pregnant women with HIV infection (HIV-exposed children) and analyze its influencing factors in China in 2019.Methods:The data were collected from the follow-up records of pregnant women with HIV infection and their children reported by the national "Management Information System for the Prevention of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B Mother-to-Child Transmission" in 2019. HIV-exposed children were defined as those who were not followed up after birth or who were not followed up at 18 months of age and who were not followed up at 21 months of age. The univariate and multivariate influencing factors of loss to follow-up of children born to HIV-infected pregnant women were analyzed by χ2 test and logistic regression model. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:The number of HIV-infected pregnant women was 5 039, the number of live-born children was 5 035, the number of loss to follow-up children within 18 months of age was 283, and the loss to follow-up rate children was 5.62%(283/5 035). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of loss to follow-up of exposed children born to pregnant women who worked as farmers (animal husbandry and fishery) (a OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.22-0.53), unmarried (a OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.93), first marriage (a OR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.22-0.67), remarriage (a OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.67) and cohabiting (a OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.23-0.97), and knew they had HIV infection before this pregnancy (a OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.40-0.70) was lower. Han nationality (a OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.13), primary school (a OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.10-3.89) and junior middle school (a OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.03-3.17) educational level, non-use of antiviral drugs (a OR=6.21, 95% CI: 4.32-8.93) and delivery in township (street) level midwifery institutions (a OR=5.72, 95% CI: 1.61-20.27) had higher rates of loss to follow-up among infants born to HIV-infected pregnant women. Conclusions:HIV-exposed children still have a specific rate of loss to follow-up in China in 2019. In order to further reduce the rate of loss to follow-up, it is of great significance to improve the detection rate of HIV before pregnancy and the rate of antiviral drugs used in pregnant women with HIV infection, which is of great significance for the effective implementation of comprehensive intervention measures of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

At present,there are policies for hepatitis B testing in 89.8%of countries and regions around the world.In 2022,the global hepatitis B vaccine birth dose coverage reached 45%,while the third-dose coverage reached 85%.Approximately 3%of pregnant women with high viral loads have received antiviral therapy,and the prevalence rate of HBsAg is about 0.7%among children aged≤5 years.While significant progress has been made in various countries towards eliminating mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV),there are still large gaps across countries and numerous challenges.There are differences in the prevalence of hepatitis B,vaccination,and access to antiviral drugs across the globe,and in addition,the factors such as insufficient laboratory testing capacity and difficulties in ensuring sustained access to treatment among pregnant and parturient women with HBV infection pose obstacles to eliminating the mother-to-child transmission of HBV.

Inducing the degradation of KRAS represents a novel strategy to combat cancers with KRAS mutation. In this study, we identify ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) as a novel deubiquitinating enzyme of KRAS in multiple myeloma (MM). Specifically, we demonstrate that gambogic acid (GA) forms a covalent bond with the cysteine 284 residue of USP2 through an allosteric pocket, inhibiting its deubiquitinating activity. Inactivation or knockdown of USP2 leads to the degradation of KRAS, resulting in the suppression of MM cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, overexpressing USP2 stabilizes KRAS and partially abrogates GA-induced apoptosis in MM cells. Furthermore, elevated USP2 levels may be associated with poorer prognoses in MM patients. These findings highlight the potential of the USP2/KRAS axis as a therapeutic target in MM, suggesting that strategically inducing KRAS degradation via USP2 inhibition could be a promising approach for treating cancers with KRAS mutations.