Objective To investigate the mechanism by which miR-148a affects M2 macrophage polarization and inhibits liver cancer cell proliferation through Wnt3a/β-catenin. Methods The mRNA expression levels of miR-148a, CD206 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues of 84 patients with liver cancer were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. THP-1 cells were separated into blank group (conventional culture), M2 group (200 nmol/L phorbol ester, 20 ng/mL IL-4, 20 ng/mL IL-13), M2 combined with negative control (miR-NC) group (transfected with miR-NC on the basis of M2 group), M2 combined with miR-148a mimics (transfected with miR-148a mimics on the basis of M2 group) group, M2 combined with miR-148a mimics combined with Wnt3a (treated with 100 μg/L Wnt3a on top of M2 combined with miR-148a mimics group) group. The proliferation of HuH7 cells was detected by CCK-8 and EdU methods. Apoptosis and M2 macrophage marker CD206 was detected by flow cytometry. The level of IL-10 in cell supernatant was detected by chemiluminescence method; The mRNA levels of miR-148a, CD206 and IL-10 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin were detected by Western blot. Results The expressions of CD206, IL-10 mRNA, Wnt3a and β-catenin in tumor tissue were higher than those in non-tumor liver tissues, and the miR-148a level was decreased. The mRNA expression of M2 macrophage markers CD206 and IL-10 were significantly increased. Compared with the blank group, the OD450 value, EdU positive rate, the mRNA expressions of CD206 and IL-10, the level of IL-10 in the supernatant, and the expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin were increased in M2 group, while the apoptotic rate and miR-148a level were decreased. Compared with M2 group and M2 combined with miR-NC group, the OD₄₅₀ value, EdU positive rate, the mRNA expressions of CD206 and IL-10, the level of IL-10 in the supernatant, and the expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin were decreased in M2 combined with miR-148a mimics group, while the apoptotic rate and miR-148a level were increased. Wnt3a reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-148a overexpression on the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-148a inhibits M2 polarization of macrophages and prevents the proliferation of liver cancer cells, which may be related to the inhibition of the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Wnt3A Protein/metabolism* ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation/genetics* ; beta Catenin/genetics* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Interleukin-10/metabolism* ; Apoptosis/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Male ; Mannose Receptor ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism* ; Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism* ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features of a child with Lamb-Shaffer syndrome (LAMSHF) due to a variant of SOX5 gene. METHODS: A child who was admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in July 2022 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out on peripheral blood samples from the child and his parents, and candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. 2024-K-100). RESULTS: The child, an one-year-and-seven-month-old male, has manifested delayed development in speech and language, intelligence and movement, in addition with mild facial deformities and eye signs. Whole exome sequencing revealed that he has harbored a heterozygous c.1828_1829insGACT (p.Y610fs*1) frameshifting variant of the SOX5 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed the variant to be de novo in origin. The variant was also unreported previously. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was rated as pathogenic (PVS1+PS2+PM2_supporting). CONCLUSION The c.1828_1829insGACT (p.Y610fs*1) variant of the SOX5 gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of LAMSHF in this child. For children with delayed mental, language, intellectual, and motor development, genetic testing should be conducted to facilitate early diagnosis. Above finding has enriched the mutational spectrum of the SOX5 gene.
Humans ; SOXD Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Male ; Infant ; Exome Sequencing ; Genetic Testing ; Mutation

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features, genetic characteristics in a child with Miller-McKusick-Malvaux syndrome (3MS) type 1 caused by CUL7 gene variant. METHODS: A child diagnosed with 3MS type 1 at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in February 2021 was selected as the subject of this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the child and her parents for genomic DNA extraction. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the child, and Sanger sequencing was used to validate the candidate variants and analyze their pathogenicity. A literature search was conducted using the keywords "3M syndrome" in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and PubMed databases from inception to December 2024. The clinical data of Chinese children with 3MS reported in the literature were summarized. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. 2024-K-020). RESULTS: The child was a 6-year-old and 2-month-old female with facial dysmorphism, skeletal abnormalities, and growth and developmental delay. WES revealed compound heterozygous variants in the CUL7 gene: c.2686G>T (p.E896*) and c.1200delT (p.R401Gfs66). Sanger sequencing confirmed that these two variants were inherited from the child's father and mother, respectively. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants, c.2686G>T (p.E896) was classified as a pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PM3), and c.1200delT (p.R401Gfs*66) was classified as a likely pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting). Based on the literature search strategy, 18 relevant articles were identified, including a total of 32 Chinese cases of 3MS, of which 8 were fetuses. A total of 32 Chinese 3MS cases were included in the literature review, of which 8 were fetuses. The majority of these cases carried variants in the CUL7 gene (20/32, 62.5%) and OBSL1 gene (12/32, 37.5%). The main clinical manifestations included intrauterine or postnatal growth and developmental delay (32/32, 100.0%), triangular facies (27/32, 84.3%), and skeletal abnormalities (21/32, 65.6%). CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous variants c.2686G>T (p.E896*) and c.1200delT (p.R401Gfs*66) in the CUL7 gene are likely the genetic cause of 3MS type 1 in the child. For children presenting with facial dysmorphism, skeletal abnormalities, and intrauterine or postnatal growth and developmental delay, 3MS should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Humans ; Cullin Proteins/genetics* ; Female ; Child ; Limb Deformities, Congenital/genetics* ; Exome Sequencing ; Mutation ; Child, Preschool ; Dwarfism ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Spine/abnormalities*

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impacts of andrographolide on sciatic nerve function injury in diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） rats by regulating high-mobility group protein box 1 （HMGB1）/receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE） signal pathway. METHODS A total of 84 rats were randomly divided into the control group （normal saline）， DPN group （normal saline）， low-dose andrographolide group （0.833 mg/kg）， high-dose andrographolide group （3.332 mg/kg）， lipoic acid group （positive control， 0.1 g/kg）， recombinant rat HMGB1 protein （rHMGB1） group （8 μg/kg）， and high-dose andrographolide+ rHMGB1 group， with 12 rats in each group. All rats except those in the control group were fed with high glucose and high fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin to establish the DPN rat model. After 24 hours of successful modeling， medication was administered daily for 8 weeks. The changes in fasting blood glucose， mechanical pain threshold， heat pain threshold and sciatic nerve conduction velocity were detected. Pathological changes in the sciatic nerve of rats and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in the sciatic nerve of rats were also detected. Besides， the expressions of HMGB1， RAGE proteins and phosphorylation level of nuclear factor κB p65（NF-κB p65） protein in rat sciatic nerves were found. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the pathological damage of the sciatic nerve of rats in the DPN group was strengthened， the fasting blood glucose， heat pain threshold， MDA content and the 诊治。E-mail：dqiaur@163.com expressions of HMGB1， RAGE proteins and phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 protein were increased （P＜0.05）， while the mechanical pain threshold， sensory nerve conduction velocity， motor nerve conduction velocity， and SOD activity were decreased/slowed down （P＜0.05）. Compared with the DPN group， the above indexes were significantly potentiated in the andrographolide low- and high-dose groups and lipoic acid group （P＜0.05）， and the corresponding trends in the rHMGB1 group were opposite to those in the above three administration groups （P＜0.05）. Moreover， rHMGB1 attenuated the hypoglycemic effect of high-dose andrographolide on blood glucose and the improvement of oxidative stress injury in the sciatic nerve of DPN rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Andrographolide may reduce blood glucose by inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE pathway and oxidative stress， thus ameliorating sciatic nerve injury in DPN rats.

Colorectal tumors often create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that prevents them from responding to immunotherapy.Cannabidiol(CBD)is a non-psychoactive natural active ingredient from the cannabis plant that has various pharmacological effects,including neuroprotective,antiemetic,anti-inflammatory,and antineoplastic activities.This study aimed to elucidate the specific anticancer mechanism of CBD by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and single-cell ATAC sequencing(scATAC-seq)technologies.Here,we report that CBD inhibits colorectal cancer progression by modulating the suppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).Our single-cell transcriptome and ATAC sequencing results showed that CBD suppressed M2-like macrophages and promoted M1-like macrophages in tumors both in strength and quantity.Furthermore,CBD significantly enhanced the interaction between M1-like macrophages and tumor cells and restored the intrinsic anti-tumor properties of macrophages,thereby preventing tumor progression.Mechanistically,CBD altered the metabolic pattern of macro-phages and related anti-tumor signaling pathways.We found that CBD inhibited the alternative acti-vation of macrophages and shifted the metabolic process from oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway and related downstream target genes.Furthermore,CBD-mediated macrophage plasticity enhanced the response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)immunotherapy in xenografted mice.Taken together,we provide new insights into the anti-tumor effects of CBD.

Purpose/Significance To explore the characteristics and clinical significance of differentially expressed genes closely re-lated to HPV E6/E7 by using bioinformatics.Method/Process The cervical tissue and clinical information of cervical cancer in TCGA and GTEx of UCSC are used as the training set.The expression profile chip GSE63514 related to cervical cancer in GEO is used as the validation set.Firstly,the limma package of R software is used to screen DEGs of tumor and normal samples,and Venn map of genes re-lated to E6/E7 protein in MigDB is made.Survival analysis is performed by survival kit and verified by ROC and protein expression lev-els.Secondly,key genes are obtained by copy number variation and methylation correlation.Finally,the specific co-expression network is constructed and enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis are performed.Result/Conclusion There are 101 differentially expressed genes related to HPV E6/E7 protein,and three genes are found to have significance after screening,namely E2F1,MCM4 and PCNA.At the same time,it is found that the genes in the specific coexpression network are significantly enriched in the DNA replication and chromosome organization pathways.Immune correlation analysis shows that key genes are significantly associated with CD4 T cells,B cells and neutrophils.DNA replication,chromosome organization,etc.,are the molecular mechanisms and key genes significantly related to the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and HPV E6/E7 encoded proteins.

BackgroundFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） is a new generation of imaging tool that can be used to assist the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. However， whether the patterns of prefrontal cortex activation observed by fNIRS are specific for different psychiatric disorders remains to be explored. ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of prefrontal cortex activation in patients with depression， anxiety disorder， bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in verbal fluency task （VFT） using fNIRS. MethodsFrom September to December 2021， 39 patients with schizophrenia， 205 patients with depressive disorder， 212 patients with anxiety disorder and 77 patients with bipolar disorder meeting the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） were recruited in the outpatient and inpatient department of West China Hospital， Sichuan University. fNIRS was used to monitor the prefrontal cortex hemodynamic changes of patients under VFT， and the clinical symptoms of patients were assessed by Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） and Hypomania Checklist-32 items（HCL-32）. Differences in mean oxyhemoglobin （HbO₂） concentration and the initial slope from 2 to 7 second during VFT were compared among patients with different diseases， and the correlation between mean HbO₂ concentration/initial slope and clinical symptoms was analyzed by partial correlation analysis. ResultsThe concentration of HbO₂ in channel 4 （Z=2.828， P=0.028） and channel 6 （Z=2.912， P=0.022） in patients with depression were significantly higher than those in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with anxiety had significantly higher changes in mean HbO₂ concentration in channel 4 （Z=3.154， P=0.010）， channel 5 （Z=3.021， P=0.015）， channel 6 （Z=2.980， P=0.017） and of all channels （Z=2.881， P=0.024） than those of schizophrenia patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the initial slope of channel 3 between patients with depressive disorder and those with bipolar disorder （Z=2.691， P=0.039）. Among patients with bipolar disorder， the anger-hostility scores of SCL-90 were negatively correlated with the mean HbO₂ concentration changes in channel 4 （r=-0.505， P=0.004）， channel 6 （r=-0.390， P=0.004）， channel 15 （r=-0.546， P=0.002）， channel 16 （r=-0.550， P=0.002） and the mean HbO₂ concentration changes of all channels （r=-0.491， P=0.006）. ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia had lower activation in frontopolar and orbitofrontal region than patients with depression and anxiety disorder， and the initial slope of the right frontopolar， inferior frontal and orbitofrontal region in patients with depression is higher than patients with bipolar disorder. In addition， patients with bipolar disorder had less activation in the frontopolar and orbitofrontal lobe， the insular cover of Broca's area and the upper outer frontal cortex， and were more irritable and hostile. ［Funded by 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence-Clinical Research Incubation Project， West China Hospital， Sichuan University （number， ZYJC21083）］

Objective:To investigate the role of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) in diagnosing and differentiating Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy-Parkinsonian subtype (MSA-P).Methods:Forty PD patients and 23 MSA-P patients admitted to Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2019 to December 2021 were recruited; 27 healthy subjects accepted physical examination during the same period were selected as controls. Ultrasensitive Simoa technology was used to measure the plasma NfL. Differences in clinical data and plasma NfL were compared among all subjects. Correlations of plasma NfL with clinical characteristics, such as disease course, Hoehn-Year (H-Y) staging, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease for Autonomic Symptoms (SCOPA-AUT) and levodopa equivalent daily dosage (LEDD), were analyzed with Pearson correlations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of plasma NfL in diagnosing and differentiating PD and MSA-P.Results:Compared with MSA-P group, PD group had significantly longer disease course and statistically lower scores of UPDRS-II and SCOPA-AUT ( P<0.05). The plasma NfL in MSA-P group, PD group and healthy control group was decreased successively ([37.69±10.47] pg/mL, [17.85±4.23] pg/mL, [12.86±3.14] pg/mL, respectively), with statistical differences ( P<0.05). In MSA-P patients, Pearson correlations showed positive correlation between plasma NfL and age ( r=0.442, P=0.035); and Partial correlations showed positive correlations between plasma NfL and scores of UPDRS-I and UPDRS-III ( P<0.05), and plasma NfL showed no significant correlation with H-Y staging, UPDRS-III, MoCA, LEDD or SCOPA-AUT scores ( P>0.05). In PD patients, Pearson correlations showed that plasma NfL was positively correlated with age ( r=0.342, P=0.031); partial correlations showed that plasma NfL was positively correlated with H-Y staging and UPDRS-III, and negatively correlated with MoCA scores ( P<0.05); plasma NfL showed no significant correlation with disease course, scores of UPDRS-I and UPDRS-II, LEDD, and SCOPA-AUT scores ( P>0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma NfL in diagnosing PD was 0.814 (95% CI: 0.712-0.920, P<0.001); AUC of plasma NfL in differentiating and diagnosing PD and MSA-P was 0.980 (95% CI: 0.954-1.000, P<0.001); AUC of plasma NfL in diagnosing MSA-P was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.993-1.000, P<0.001). Conclusions:Plasma NfL is correlated with severity of motor symptoms in MSA-P patients; plasma NfL is correlated with cognitive function and disease course in PD patients. Besides, plasma NfL has high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating PD and MSA-P, therefore, plasma NfL could serve as a biomarker to diagnosis and differentiate PD.

BACKGROUND: The literature recommends that reduced dosage of CPT-11 should be applied in patients with UGT1A1 homozygous mutations, but the impact of UGT1A1 heterozygous mutations on the adverse reactions of CPT-11 is still not fully clear. METHODS: A total of 107 patients with UGT1A1 heterozygous mutation or wild-type, who were treated with CPT-11 from January 2018 to September 2021 in Peking University Third Hospital, were retrospectively enrolled. The adverse reaction spectra of patients with UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 mutations were analyzed. Adverse reactions were evaluated according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) 5.0. The efficacy was evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. The genotypes of UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 were detected by digital fluorescence molecular hybridization. RESULTS: There were 43 patients with UGT1A1*6 heterozygous mutation, 26 patients with UGT1A1*28 heterozygous mutation, 8 patients with UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 double heterozygous mutations, 61 patients with heterozygous mutation at any gene locus of UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence or absence of vomiting (P=0.013) and mucositis (P=0.005) was significantly correlated with heterozygous mutation of UGT1A1*28, and the severity of vomiting (P<0.001) and neutropenia (P=0.021) were significantly correlated with heterozygous mutation of UGT1A1*6. In colorectal cancer, UGT1A1*6 was significantly correlated to diarrhea (P=0.005), and the other adverse reactions spectrum was similar to that of the whole patient cohort, and efficacy and prognosis were similar between patients with different genotypes and patients treated with reduced CPT-11 dosage or not. CONCLUSIONS In clinical use, heterozygous mutations of UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 are related to the risk and severity of vomiting, diarrhea, neutropenia and mucositis in patients with Pan-tumor and colorectal cancer post CPT-11 therpy. In colorectal cancer, UGT1A1*6 is significantly related to diarrhea post CPT-11 use, efficacy and prognosis is not affected by various genotypes or CPT-11 dosage reduction.
Camptothecin/therapeutic use* ; Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Retrospective Studies

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a malignant tumor worldwide consists of microsatellite instability (MSI) and stable (MSS) phenotypes. Although SHP2 is a hopeful target for cancer therapy, its relationship with innate immunosuppression remains elusive. To address that, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to explore the role of SHP2 in all cell types of tumor microenvironment (TME) from murine MC38 xenografts. Intratumoral cells were found to be functionally heterogeneous and responded significantly to SHP099, a SHP2 allosteric inhibitor. The malignant evolution of tumor cells was remarkably arrested by SHP099. Mechanistically, STING-TBK1-IRF3-mediated type I interferon signaling was highly activated by SHP099 in infiltrated myeloid cells. Notably, CRC patients with MSS phenotype exhibited greater macrophage infiltration and more potent SHP2 phosphorylation in CD68⁺ macrophages than MSI-high phenotypes, suggesting the potential role of macrophagic SHP2 in TME. Collectively, our data reveals a mechanism of innate immunosuppression mediated by SHP2, suggesting that SHP2 is a promising target for colon cancer immunotherapy.