Parkinson's disease （PD） is a complex neurodegenerative disease involving multiple systems and neurotransmitters. Due to the high clinical heterogeneity of PD，it is urgent to establish a comprehensive and long-term traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） management model. In this paper，the conceptual framework of full-cycle management of PD is preliminarily constructed：based on the evolution of the pathophysiological mechanisms of protein deposition and neurotransmitter disorder in PD，the three-stage syndrome characteristics of the prodromal stage （predominant healthy Qi with subtle pathogenic factors），the early clinical stage （declining healthy Qi with growing pathogenic factors） and the middle and late stages （overwhelming pathogenic factors with deficient healthy Qi） are longitudinally described. Through the syndrome differentiation of visceral manifestations，the etiology and pathogenesis of PD motor and non-motor symptoms were comprehensively analyzed，while the matching treatment methods and prescriptions were inferred，and the modular scheme of the combining main symptoms，accompanying symptoms and secondary symptoms was proposed. The conceptual gap of TCM regarding motor complications （'variable syndrome'） and PD-related hyperpyrexia syndrome （'critical syndrome'） was explained. This framework reflects the characteristics of combination of disease and syndrome and overall constant motion，and provides new theories and research ideas for individualized and whole-process management of PD in TCM.

Parkinson's disease （PD） is a complex neurodegenerative disease involving multiple systems and neurotransmitters. Due to the high clinical heterogeneity of PD，it is urgent to establish a comprehensive and long-term traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） management model. In this paper，the conceptual framework of full-cycle management of PD is preliminarily constructed：based on the evolution of the pathophysiological mechanisms of protein deposition and neurotransmitter disorder in PD，the three-stage syndrome characteristics of the prodromal stage （predominant healthy Qi with subtle pathogenic factors），the early clinical stage （declining healthy Qi with growing pathogenic factors） and the middle and late stages （overwhelming pathogenic factors with deficient healthy Qi） are longitudinally described. Through the syndrome differentiation of visceral manifestations，the etiology and pathogenesis of PD motor and non-motor symptoms were comprehensively analyzed，while the matching treatment methods and prescriptions were inferred，and the modular scheme of the combining main symptoms，accompanying symptoms and secondary symptoms was proposed. The conceptual gap of TCM regarding motor complications （'variable syndrome'） and PD-related hyperpyrexia syndrome （'critical syndrome'） was explained. This framework reflects the characteristics of combination of disease and syndrome and overall constant motion，and provides new theories and research ideas for individualized and whole-process management of PD in TCM.

The widespread prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in clinical settings poses significant challen-ges to the prevention and control of hospital-associatal infections.Novel gene sequencing techniques,such as whole-genome sequencing(WGS)and metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS),have emerged as revo-lutionary tools for precisely tracing to the source of hospital-associatal infection outbreak and the prevention and control through high-resolution genomic analysis.The technical principles and advantages of WGS and mNGS were systematically reviewed in the article.The pivotal roles of the techniques in confirmation of outbreak,identification of infection source,transmission chain rebuilding,study on transmission dynamics and evaluation of effect on in-fection prevention and control were elaborated through analysis of typical cases in China and abroad so as to pro-vide theoretical bases and technical support for precise identification of prevention and control of nosocomial infec-tion.

Objective To understand and grasp the status quo of resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to four commonly used insecticides in Hefei City, and to provide a scientific basis for the chemical control of mosquito larvae. Methods From June to July 2023, Cx. pipiens pallens larvae were collected from 9 counties (cities and districts) in Hefei City. The LC50 of late third-instar to early fourth-instar larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens to commonly used insecticides was determined by larval immersion method (sensitive baseline method). Results Cx.pipiens pallens larvae in Hefei City exhibited different degrees of resistance to four insecticides: permethrin, beta-cypermethrin, temephos, and propoxur. The relative resistance coefficients to permethrin and beta-cypermethrin were 26.96 and 21.17, respectively, indicating the moderate resistance level. The relative resistance coefficients to propoxur were 6.70, indicating a low resistance level. The relative resistance coefficient to temephos was 2.43, indicating a sensitivity level. Culex pipiens pallens against pyrethroids such as 0.25% permethrin, 0.025% deltamethrin and 0.025% cypermethrin in 1 h knockout rate and 24 h mortality rates were 3.25% (4/123) and 46.34% (57/123), 3.60% (5/139) and 35.97% (50/139), 3.85% (6/156) and 40.38% (63/156), respectively. For 5% malathion and 0.1% propoxur, the 1 h knockdown rate and 24 h mortality rate were 97.69% (127/130) and 99.23% (129/130), 94.48% (137/145) and 100.00% (145/145), respectively. It showed resistance to 0.25% permethrin, 0.025% deltamethrin and 0.025% cypermethrin, and sensitivity to 5% malathion and 0.1% propoxur. Conclusions Culex pipiens pallens in Hefei City have developed varying degrees of resistance to parathyroid and carbamate insecticides. In the control of mosquito vectors, it is essential to strengthen the scientific and rational use of chemical control in combination with environmental and physical control measures to form an integrated control strategy. This approach will improve the control efficiency while delaying the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance.

Objective To detect the expression of CD99 in breast cancer and its effects on proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-435S cell.Methods Expression of CD99 was detected by immunohistochemical examination in tissues from 80 cases of breast cancer,40 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ,60 cases of benign breast hyperplasia,and 20 cases of normal breast.A cell line MDA-MB-435S-SiCD99 and the negative control cell line MDA-MB-435S-SiNC were constructed,which were transfected with SiCD99 and its negative control.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of CD99 after CD99 silencing in MDA-MB-435S cell.The effects of CD99 on MDA-MB-435S cell proliferation and migration were evaluated using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),transwell and wound healing assays via silencing CD99 in MDA-MB-435S cell.Results The expression of CD99 in breast cancer tissue was higher than that in tissue of ductal carcinoma in situ,benign breast hyperplasia tissue and normal breast tissue(P＜0.01).Western blot result showed that the expression of CD99 was decreased after CD99 silencing in MDA-MB-435S cell(P＜0.01).Compared with the MDA-MB-435S-SiNC,the proliferation rate was lower(P＜0.01,CCK-8 test),the scratch distance was shorter(P＜0.01,wound healing assay),and the migration abilities was obviously decreased(P＜0.01,tr-answell assay)in MDA-MB-435S-SiCD99.Conclusion CD99 is upregulated in the breast cancer and silencing CD99 obviously inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells,providing evidence for diagnosis and potential treatment of breast cancer.

Objective To detect the expression of CD99 in breast cancer and its effects on proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-435S cell.Methods Expression of CD99 was detected by immunohistochemical examination in tissues from 80 cases of breast cancer,40 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ,60 cases of benign breast hyperplasia,and 20 cases of normal breast.A cell line MDA-MB-435S-SiCD99 and the negative control cell line MDA-MB-435S-SiNC were constructed,which were transfected with SiCD99 and its negative control.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of CD99 after CD99 silencing in MDA-MB-435S cell.The effects of CD99 on MDA-MB-435S cell proliferation and migration were evaluated using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),transwell and wound healing assays via silencing CD99 in MDA-MB-435S cell.Results The expression of CD99 in breast cancer tissue was higher than that in tissue of ductal carcinoma in situ,benign breast hyperplasia tissue and normal breast tissue(P＜0.01).Western blot result showed that the expression of CD99 was decreased after CD99 silencing in MDA-MB-435S cell(P＜0.01).Compared with the MDA-MB-435S-SiNC,the proliferation rate was lower(P＜0.01,CCK-8 test),the scratch distance was shorter(P＜0.01,wound healing assay),and the migration abilities was obviously decreased(P＜0.01,tr-answell assay)in MDA-MB-435S-SiCD99.Conclusion CD99 is upregulated in the breast cancer and silencing CD99 obviously inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells,providing evidence for diagnosis and potential treatment of breast cancer.

The widespread prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in clinical settings poses significant challen-ges to the prevention and control of hospital-associatal infections.Novel gene sequencing techniques,such as whole-genome sequencing(WGS)and metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS),have emerged as revo-lutionary tools for precisely tracing to the source of hospital-associatal infection outbreak and the prevention and control through high-resolution genomic analysis.The technical principles and advantages of WGS and mNGS were systematically reviewed in the article.The pivotal roles of the techniques in confirmation of outbreak,identification of infection source,transmission chain rebuilding,study on transmission dynamics and evaluation of effect on in-fection prevention and control were elaborated through analysis of typical cases in China and abroad so as to pro-vide theoretical bases and technical support for precise identification of prevention and control of nosocomial infec-tion.

The prediction of compound-protein interaction (CPI) is a critical technological tool for discovering lead compounds and drug repurposing during the process of drug development.In recent years, deep learning has been widely used in CPI research, which has accelerated the development of CPI prediction in drug discovery.This review focuses on feature-based CPI prediction models.First, we described the datasets, as well as typical feature representation methods commonly used for compounds and proteins in CPI prediction.Based on the critical problems in modeling, we discussed models for CPI prediction from two perspectives: multimodal features and attention mechanisms.Then, the performance of 12 selected models was evaluated on 3 benchmark datasets for both classification and regression tasks.Finally, the review summarizes the existing challenges in this field and prospects for future directions.We believe that this investigation will provide some reference and insight for further research on CPI prediction.

Objective To investigate the effect of Liu-Shen-Wan on transplanted tumors in mice with colon cancer based on the polarization of M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Methods We established a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of mice with CT26 colon cancer. Mice were randomly divided into vehicle, oxaliplatin, and oxaliplatin combined with Liu-Shen-Wan groups. Treatment was administered for three weeks, and tumor volume was measured. All mice were weighed during the administration. After the end of the treatment, the mice were dissected and tumors were photographed and weighed. Spleen index was calculated. The expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-12P40 in serum and related blood biochemical indices were measured. The expression levels of M2 macrophage polarization indices, namely, IL-10 and TGF-β, in serum and tumor tissues were detected. The infiltration degree of M2 macrophages in each group was observed by immunohistochemical experiments. Results The tumor volume and mouse weight in the oxaliplatin combined with Liu-Shen-Wan group significantly decreased compared with those in the vehicle group. The spleen index increased, and the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-12P40 in serum also significantly increased. The mice had no obvious side effects after the drug treatment. In addition, the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in the serum and tissues of mice in the oxaliplatin combined with Liu-Shen-Wan group significantly decreased. The expression levels of CD68 and CD206 in tumor tissues also decreased. Conclusion The anti-tumor effect of Liu-Shen-Wan on the transplanted tumors of mice with colon cancer is related to the inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment.

To investigate the value of renal resistive index (RRI) in early predictor and discriminator of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-related acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted. SAP patients complicated with AKI (within 1 week of onset) and admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2016 to June 2019 were enrolled. The RRI within 24 hours admission was measured. Clinical data such as acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), arterial blood lactate (Lac), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), base excess (BE), serum creatinine (SCr), urine output, norepinephrine (NE) and RRI were collected. Within 24 hours and 7 days after ICU admission, patients were grouped according to AKI classification criteria of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), and the differences of relevant parameters were statistically analyzed. Influence factors of AKI grading were screened by Logistic regression analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between RRI and other parameters. The predictive value of RRI for AKI classification was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results A total 57 patients were included, with an average age of (54.6±13.5) years old, and APACHEⅡscore of 21.8±5.6. Within 24 hours, the number of patients suffered from stage 1-3 AKI were 19 (33.3%), 18 (31.6%) and 20 (35.1%), respectively. On day 7, the number of patients suffered from stage 0-3 AKI were 21 (36.9%), 8 (14.0%), 9 (15.8%) and 19 (33.3%), respectively. The higher APACHEⅡ score, CVP, IAP, Lac, NE dosage and RRI were found in the group with higher AKI grades, especially in the group with stage 3 AKI on day 7. RRI of patients with stage 3 AKI was significantly higher than that of patients with stage 1 and 2 AKI within 24 hours (0.74±0.04 vs. 0.65±0.05, 0.68±0.05, both P < 0.05). Similarly, RRI of patients with stage 2 and 3 AKI were significantly higher than that of patients with stage 0 and 1 AKI on day 7 (0.70±0.04, 0.74±0.04 vs. 0.65±0.05, 0.66±0.05, all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that RRI was an independent factor of AKI classification [odds ratio (OR) = 3.15, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.09-9.04, P < 0.05], and IAP and CVP also had significant impacts on AKI grading [OR value was 2.11 (95%CI = 1.16-4.22), 3.78 (95%CI = 1.21-12.90), both P < 0.05]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of RRI for predicting AKI ≥2 stage was 0.87 (P < 0.05); the cut-off ﹥ 0.71, sensitivity was 71% and specificity was 83%. The correlation analysis showed that RRI was positively correlated to a certain extent with IAP and lactic acid (r1 = 0.49, r2 = 0.39, both P < 0.05). Conclusion High RRI on ICU admission was a significant predictor for development of severe AKI during the first week, and RRI can help predict the tendency of AKI in SAP.