Delirium is a common cause and complication of hospitalization in the elderly and is associated with higher risk of future dementia and progression of existing dementia, of which 70% is Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD and delirium, which are known to be aggravated by one another, represent significant societal challenges, especially in light of the absence of effective treatments. The intricate biological mechanisms have led to numerous clinical trial setbacks and likely contribute to the limited efficacy of existing therapeutics. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising avenue for overcoming these hurdles by deploying algorithms to uncover hidden patterns across diverse data types. This review explores the pivotal role of AI in revolutionizing drug discovery for AD and delirium from target identification to the development of small molecule and protein-based therapies. Recent advances in deep learning, particularly in accurate protein structure prediction, are facilitating novel approaches to drug design and expediting the discovery pipeline for biological and small molecule therapeutics. This review concludes with an appraisal of current achievements and limitations, and touches on prospects for the use of AI in advancing drug discovery in AD and delirium, emphasizing its transformative potential in addressing these two and possibly other neurodegenerative conditions.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and mechanism of FuKe Yangrong capsule(FKYRC)in treating anovulatory infertility(AI)using network pharmacology and clinical observation meth-ods.Methods A total of 110 AI patients who visited the hospital from January 2023 to July 2024 were select-ed as the research subjects.They were divided into three groups according to the treatment method:traditional Chinese medicine treatment group(n=30,treated only with FKYRC),western medicine treatment group(n=40,treated only with letrozole),and combination treatment group(n=40,treated only with FKYRC+letrozole).After 4 cycles of treatment,the total effective rate,maximum follicle diameter,pre-ovulation endo-metrial thickness,ovulation rate and pregnancy rate,and embryo survival rate of each group were compared af-ter treatment.Using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and GeneCards database,the core active ingredients,target proteins,and AI related targets of FKYRC were obtained,and common targets were screened.Then,a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed,and gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto Gene and Genome Database(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed using a bioinformatics platform for visualization.Finally,three-dimen-sional visualization analysis was performed.Results The total clinical efficacy of the traditional Chinese medi-cine group,western medicine group,and combination therapy group were 90.00％,92.50％,and 97.50％,re-spectively.The ovulation rates were 60.00％,70.00％,and 87.50％,respectively.The pregnancy rates were 33.33％,37.5％,and 60.00％,respectively.The survival rates of embryos were 60.00％,73.30％,and 95.80％,respectively,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The maximum follicle diameter and pre-ovulation endometrial thickness in the combination therapy group were higher than those in the traditional Chinese medicine group and the western medicine group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Network pharmacology discovered 239 active ingredients and 3 977 target genes in FKYRC.After screening,200 active ingredients and 299 target genes were identified.A total of 478 disease target genes,38 potential interaction targets,and 19 core targets were obtained.Molecular func-tions,cellular components,and biological processes mainly involved steroid protein binding,estrogen response elements,estrogen receptor activity,nuclear chromatin,and other aspects.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that FKYRC anti AI core targets were mainly enriched in estrogen signaling pathway,P53 signaling pathway,advanced glycation end product receptor(AGE-RAGE)of diabetes complications and other signaling pathways.The key targets of FKYRC against AI were two estrogen receptors(ESR1 and ESR2),steroid re-ceptor(AR),and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ(PPARG).Conclusion The combined treat-ment of FKYRC and letrozole can improve AI patients' clinical symptoms,increase ovulation rate,pregnancy rate,and embryo survival rate.The active ingredients in FKYRC can comprehensively regulate the core targets of AI,and may promote follicular development and maturation in infertile patients with ovulation disorders through signaling pathways such as estrogen,P53,and AGE-RAGE,thereby increasing pregnancy rate.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of environmental factors in Tianmen on clinical indicators of pediatric snoring with allergic rhinitis and to analyze their correlations.This study aims to deepen the understanding of the relationship between environmental factors and pediatric respiratory diseases,and to provide scientific evidence for future prevention and treatment strategies.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted based on the clinical data of 3 071 pediatric patients with snoring admitted to Tianmen First People's Hospital from January 1,2021,to December 31,2023.The 95th percentile values of PM2.5,SO?,NO?,PM10,and CO,as well as the 90th percentile value of O?,in Tianmen during the same period were collected.Correlation analysis and binary logistic regression were used to investigate the association between environmental factors and pediatric snoring with allergic rhinitis.RESULTS Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive correlations among SO?,NO?,PM10,PM2.5,and CO,with the strongest correlation between PM2.5 and PM10(r=0.862,P<0.001).In contrast,O? was negatively correlated with other pollutants,with the most significant negative correlation observed between CO and O?(r=-0.505,P<0.001).Seasonal distribution showed that pollutant levels were significantly lower in summer than in winter.Among the 3 071 patients,840 cases were complicated with allergic rhinitis.Significant differences were observed between the allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis groups in terms of PM2.5 levels,length of hospital stay,total cost,drug cost,antibiotic cost,year of treatment,and treatment modalities(P<0.05).Logistic regression indicated that PM2.5 was an independent risk factor for pediatric snoring with allergic rhinitis(OR=1.013,95%CI:1.010-1.017,P<0.05),and this remained significant after adjusting for multiple clinical variables(OR=1.010,95%CI:1.007-1.014,P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the combined diagnostic model using PM2.5 and total cost had the highest diagnostic performance(AUC=0.642,95%CI:0.620-0.664),which was superior to PM2.5 alone(AUC=0.636)or total cost alone(AUC=0.623).CONCLUSION Pediatric snoring with allergic rhinitis is closely related to environmental factors,especially PM2.5,which has a significant impact.These findings may provide a scientific basis for targeted environmental interventions and treatment strategies to improve the quality of life in affected children.

Objective To analyze the prescription patterns of Professor Chen Bin in treating chronic superficial gastritis(CSG)with data mining methods.Methods Prescription data from effective medical records of outpatients with CSG treated by Professor Chen Bin at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from October of 2022 to April of 2023 were collected.R language,SPSS,and IBM SPSS Modeler were used to perform frequency statistics,association rule analysis,and systematic cluster analysis on the prescription data,and then the medication and prescription patterns of Professor Chen Bin in treating CSG were explored.Results A total of 64 outpatient prescriptions formulated by Professor Chen Bin were included,involving 95 Chinese herbal medicines.The top 10 frequently-used herbs were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle(Zhigancao),Bupleuri Radix(Chaihu),Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum(Fabanxia),Jujubae Fructus(Dazao),Zingiberis Rhizoma(Ganjiang),Codonopsis Radix(Dangshen),Scutellariae Radix(Huangqin),Paederiae Herba(Jishiteng),Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(Chenpi),and Taraxaci Herba(Pugongying).Most of the herbs were warm,cold,and mild in nature,and were sweet in flavor.And the herbs mainly had the meridian tropism of spleen,stomach,and liver meridians,and had the primary therapeutic effects of strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi,regulating qi,and resolving dampness.Based on the results of association rule analysis,a total of 21 core herb combinations were screened out,and cluster analysis yielded 4 clustered prescriptions.Combining the results of high-frequency herb statistics and cluster analysis and based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory,the core herbs for treating CSG was identified as Zhigancao,Chaihu,Fabanxia,Dazao,Ganjiang,Dangshen,Huangqin,Jishiteng,Chenpi,and Pugongying.Conclusion In treating CSG,Professor Chen Bin adheres to the treatment principle of replenishing qi and regulating the pivot,and the therapeutic methods of regulating qi movement,strengthening the spleen and harmonizing the stomach are applied with Xiaochaihu Decoction as the fundamental prescriptions.His view of treatment by focusing on the spleen and stomach,emphasizing the combination of herbs with cold and warm properties and based on syndrome differentiation will provide a reference for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in treating CSG.

Transmembrane protein 16A(TMEM16A)is a voltage-dependent calcium-activated chloride channel that is widely expressed in cancer cells.In a variety of cancer types,TMEM16A regulates the proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of cancer cells and is corre-lated with the prognosis of cancer under treatment.In recent years,TMEM16A and its inhibitors have been intensively studied in cancer treatment.This review summarizes relevant studies conducted over the past 10 years,aiming to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical application of TMEM16A inhibitors in future cancer therapy.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of inferior oblique transposition combined with medial and lateral rectus surgery in the treatment of inferior oblique hyperfunction combined with V-type strabismus.Methods Thirty-nine patients with inferior oblique hyperfunction combined with V-type strabismus admitted to Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from November 2020 to September 2021 were selected as study objects,and were divided into combined operation group(n=28)and multiple operation group(n=11)according to different surgical programs.The visual acuity,eye position,cure rate of V sign,correction rate of inferior oblique hyperfunction,oculocardiac reflex,oculogastric reflex and complications were compared between two groups.Results One month after surgery,patients of two groups recovered the first eye position,and there were no statistical significances in the number of V sign cured and the number of inferior oblique hyperfunction corrected(P>0.05).Visual acuity returned to preoperative level in both groups.There were no significant differences in oculocardiac reflex and oculogastric reflex between two groups(P>0.05).There were no inflammatory reaction,massive subconjunctival hemorrhage,subcutaneous hematoma of eyelid,retrobulbar hemorrhage and other complications in two groups.Conclusion The effect of inferior oblique transposition combined with medial and lateral rectus surgery in the treatment of inferior oblique hyperfunction combined with V-type strabismus is not inferior to that of conventional divided operation,but it can reduce the number of operations and avoid the pain caused by the second operation,which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the impact of anti-reflux modified duodenal exclusion surgery on glucose metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to elucidate the role of the duodenum in maintaining glucose homeostasis. MethodsForty male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 5 weeks were fed a high-fat diet and induced with T2DM using low-dose streptozotocin. Thirty-six rats that met the T2DM model criteria were randomly divided into three groups: the simple duodenal exclusion surgery group (DE group), the anti-reflux modified duodenal exclusion group (MDE group), and the sham operation group (SO group), with 12 rats in each group. Gastroenterography was performed 4 weeks after surgery, and the body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured before surgery and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. Eight weeks post-surgery, the rats were euthanized, and a 1 cm segment of the biliopancreatic loop was collected from each group for pathological sectioning and HE staining to observe the intestinal mucosal villus length under an optical microscope. Results Gastroenterography showed that there was significant reflux of the contrast agent into the duodenal lumen in the DE group, while no reflux was observed in the MDE group. At one week post-surgery, the body weights of rats in all three groups significantly decreased compared to before surgery (P<0.05), and then the body weights of all groups increased over time, with no significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). Compared with the SO group, the fasting blood glucose levels in the MDE and DE groups significantly decreased at all time points post-surgery (P<0.05), while GLP-1 concentrations significantly increased (P<0.05). The fasting blood glucose levels in the MDE group were lower than those in the DE group at all time points post-surgery (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in serum GLP-1 concentrations between the MDE and DE groups (P>0.05). Regarding intestinal mucosal morphology, the villus lengths of the biliopancreatic loops in the MDE group were significantly shorter than those in the DE and SO groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Anti-reflux modified duodenal exclusion surgery effectively improves glucose metabolism in T2DM rats by preventing the reflux of chyme into the diverted duodenum, thereby enhancing its hypoglycemic effect.

"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food"-the ancient adage proposed by Greek philosopher Hippocrates of Kos thousands of years ago already acknowledged the importance of the beneficial and health-promoting effects of food nutrients on the body (Mafra et al., 2021). Recent epidemiological and large-scale community studies have also reported that unhealthy diets or eating habits may contribute heavily to the burden of chronic, non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, arthritis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Jayedi et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2022). Emerging evidence highlights that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can prevent various chronic diseases (Chen et al., 2022). Food bioactive compounds including vitamins, phytochemicals, and dietary fibers are responsible for these nutraceutical benefits (Boeing et al., 2012). Recently, phytochemicals such as polyphenols, phytosterols, and carotenoids have gained increasing attention due to their potential health benefits to alleviate chronic diseases (van Breda and de Kok, 2018). Understanding the role of phytochemicals in health promotion and preventing chronic diseases can inform dietary recommendations and the development of functional foods. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the health benefits of phytochemicals derived from commonly consumed foods for the prevention and management of chronic diseases.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet ; Vegetables/chemistry* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control* ; Phytochemicals ; Chronic Disease

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma resection combined with nephrectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 27 cases undergoing retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma resection combined with nephrectomy at the Gastrointestinal Tumor Center , Guangdong Provincial Hospital , Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jun 2017 to Aug 2022 were retrospectively analyzed for the indication of nephrectomy, postoperative progression of renal insufficiency and survival rate.Results:Twenty-six cases (96%) achieved R 0/R 1 resection and 1 case nderwent R 2 resection. Six cases underwent combined unilateral nephrectomy and 21 patients underwent combined multi-organ resection with a median number of resections of 4 (2,5). Postoperative pathology suggested that the combined resected kidney was positive for tumor infiltration in 17 cases. Five cases had Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher complications and no deaths occurred within 30 days after surgery. At the 90th day after surgery, 19 cases (70%) had decreased renal function ( Z=2.88, P=0.04), with a median decrease of -3.96 (-30.36, 0.31)ml·(min·1.73 m 2) -1, including 8 cases of preoperative Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)1 stage progression (6 cases of CKD 2 stage, 2 cases of CKD 3 stage); 2 cases of CKD 2 stage progressed to CKD 3 stage; 1 case of preoperative CKD 3 stage progressed to CKD 4 stage. During the follow-up period of 3-38 months, no patient progressed to CKD 5 stage and no patient required dialysis treatment. Conclusion:Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma resection combined with nephrectomy is safe and feasible while improving tumor radicality.

Objective:To simulate the effects of different thyroid-neck phantoms and monitoring positions on the detection efficiency of portable γ spectrometer, and to provide guidance for more accurate on-site measurement of 131I activity in the human thyroid. Methods:Based on the models of 4 typical thyroid-neck phantoms and a 3-inch NaI (TI) γ spectrometer used for the measurement of 131I in the thyroid and combined with the possible field monitoring scenarios, the Monte Carlo method was used to simulate and calculate the detection efficiency of the spectrometer under different conditions of monitoring distance, thyroid depth and thyroid volume. Results:The detection efficiency decreased significantly with the increase in the distance between the detector and the neck surface. The efficiency close to the neck surface was about 15 times that at 15 cm away from the neck surface. The detection efficiency decreased significantly with the increase in thyroid depth. When it was measured at the surface of the neck, the detection efficiency of thyroid at depth of 2 mm was about 3.6 times that of 30 mm. The detection efficiency decreases with the increase in thyroid volume. When it was measured at the neck surface, the detection efficiency of thyroid with 1 ml volume was 1.71 times that with 30 ml. The detection efficiency decreased with the center-point offset of the detector, especially at the neck surface, an offset of 2 cm would reduce the detection efficiency by about 15%.Conclusions:Not only the measurement distance used in calibration, but also the information of the depth and volume of thyroid in the neck-thyroid phantom, is important to know in advance for an accurate measurement of 131I activity in thyroid by using a portable gamma spectrometer.