Achieving precise restoration of tooth function and personalized restoration of natural tooth esthetics has always been a significant challenge in direct restorative dentistry. The traditional direct restorative techniques are limited by the subjective operations of dentists, resulting in high technical sensitivity, long operation time, and unpredictable restoration results, making it difficult to meet patients' personalized demands for restoration outcomes. An innovative flowable resin injection technique was introduced in this study. By combining digital design with personalized restoration guides, this technique achieves precise and personalized tooth restoration, thus revolutionizing the traditio-nal paradigm of direct tooth restoration. Specifically, this technique is guided by the patient's subjective aesthetic needs. It utilizes digital technology to pre-design the restoration result and creates a personalized restoration guide. During clinical operation, the dentist needs to only precisely inject the flowable resin into the guide, allowing for rapid completion of the restoration, thereby significantly reducing the operation time and improving the precision and predictability of the restoration. The perfect combination of digital design and flowable resin injection not only significantly improves the precision and predictability of direct tooth restoration but also remarkably shortens the clinical operation time and reduces the requirements for the dentist's technical level, making it widely applicable to the restoration of various tooth defects. Thus, it improves patient satisfaction and reduces the workload of dentists. This innovative restoration technique is expected to become a new productive force in future clinical direct adhesive restorations.
Humans ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods* ; Esthetics, Dental ; Composite Resins ; Computer-Aided Design ; Injections

Dental treatments for children and adolescents have unique clinical characteristics that differ from dental care for adults in terms of children's physiology, psychology, and behavior. These differences impose specific requirements on the application of local anesthesia in pediatric dental procedures. This article presents expert consensus on the principles of local anesthesia techniques in pediatric dental therapies, including the use of common anesthetic drugs and dosage control, safety and efficacy evaluation, and prevention and management of complications. The aim is to improve the safety and quality of pediatric dental treatments and offer guidance for clinical application by dentists.
Humans ; Child ; Anesthesia, Local/methods* ; Consensus ; Anesthesia, Dental/methods* ; Adolescent ; Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage* ; Dental Care for Children

Objective To explore the effect of artificial pleural effusion combined with radiofrequency ablation in patients with phrenic top liver cancer.Methods A total of 92 patients with liver tumors at top of the diaphragm were prospectively selected and divided into the control group(46 cases,radiofrequency ablation)and the observation group(46 cases,radiofrequency ablation+artificial pleural effusion)by the random number table method.Clinical outcomes one month after treatment,time to first surgical ablation,serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)levels and complications before treatment and one month after treatment were compared.Both groups were followed up for 2 years after the operation,and survival conditions of patients were compared.Results Enhanced MRI or enhanced CT at 1 month after surgery in the 2 groups showed that the complete tumor ablation rate was lower in the control group than that in the observation group(76.09%vs.93.48%,P＜0.05).The surgical ablation time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group[(9.64±1.22)min vs.(11.15±1.47)min,P＜0.05].The survival rates were higher in the observation group than those in the control group at 1 year(82.61%vs.58.70%)and 2 years(71.74%vs.47.83%)after treatment(P＜0.05).Serum AFP levels decreased in both groups after treatment,and those were lower in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The total complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(8.70%vs.23.91%,P＜0.05).The follow-up period of 92 patients ranged from 7 to 29 months,with a mean of(20.17±4.61)months.The local tumor progression rate was higher in the control group than that in the observation group during the follow-up period(36.96%vs.10.87%,P＜0.05).Conclusion Artificial pleural effusion combined with radiofrequency ablation can effectively improve the clinical efficacy and survival rate of patients with liver cancer,reduce the level of serum AFP and decrease the occurrence of complications.

Objective:To understand the characteristics of faculty in high-level public health schools in China, and analyze the differences in age, area and school level.Methods:Based on the internet information, the faculty information of 18 high-level public health schools was collected for a descriptive analysis on faculty characteristics.Results:There were 1 642 faculty members in the schools of public health in China, in whom 51.8% were women, 92.8% had doctorate, 32.4% had postdoctoral experience and 56.8% were former students staying to teach. The average age of the faculty members was (45.6±9.8) years. Meanwhile the top three study subjects were epidemiology and health statistics (31.0%), occupational health and environmental sanitation (16.5%), and health toxicology (16.3%). In the faculty members aged >40 years, 90.2% had doctorate, 62.6% were former students staying to teach, and 24.7% had no educational background of public health. The proportions of faculty members aged ≤40 years in the three groups mentioned above were 98.2%, 45.8% and 39.1% respectively. In terms of study subject, big data study were mainly conducted in the schools with top subject ranking and the schools in developed areas.Conclusions:The public health faculty was characterized by cross education background and high capability. The study subjects and sub-disciplines varied with schools and areas.

Objective To explore the correlation of complex inflammation indexes,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)with the severity of acute ische-mic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 278 patients with brain MRI-confirmed AIS admitted in our department between March 2018 and September 2023 were enrolled retrospectively,and according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at admission,they were divided into a mild stroke group(NIHSS score≤3,n=157)and a moderate-severe stroke group(NIHSS score＞3,n=121).Clinical data and results of laboratory tests at admission were collec-ted,and NLR and PLR were calculated.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of NLR and PLR with AIS severity.Results Compared with the mild stroke group,the moderate-severe stroke group had significantly older age,larger proportions of atrial fibrillation and pre-morbid Modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score＞1,higher NLR and PLR,and higher ratio of culprit large vessel stenosis,and a lower rate of transient ischemic attack(TIA)(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TIA(95％CI:0.017-0.455,P=0.004)was a protective factor,and pre-morbid mRS＞1(95％CI:1.451-6.700,P=0.004),NLR(95％CI:1.041-1.346,P=0.010)and culprit large vessel stenosis(95％CI:1.370-4.415,P=0.003)were risk factors for the severity of AIS.Conclusion Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of AIS,and the complex inflammatory index,NLR may be an inde-pendent risk factor for the severity of AIS.

To investigate the protective effect of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide(LbGp)on testicu-lar injury induced by D-galactose(D-gal)in aging rats,male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:the blank control group(Control),aging model group(Model),positive control group(β-nicotinamide mononucleotide,NMN),low dose LbGp group(LLbGp),medium dose LbGp group(MLbGp)and high dose LbGp group(HLbGp).The testicular mass of rats was counted,the morphological changes of testicular tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,the testicular senescence was detected by β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining,and the levels of testos-terone(T),luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)in serum were de-tected.The levels of oxidative factors such as glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dis-mutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT)and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in rat tissues were measured.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of testicular cells,epididymal sperm quality,and the expression of Keap1,Nrf2 and Nqo1 mRNA were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the Model group,the testicular coefficient of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide rats in MLbGp and HLbGp groups increased(P＜0.01),the level of T in serum and sperm quality increased(P＜0.05),the structural degeneration and aging of testicular tissue decreased(P＜0.01),the level of antioxidant factors increased,and the levels of inflammatory factors and apopto-sis decreased(P＜0.05).The expression of Keap1 decreased significantly(P＜0.01),while the ex-pression of Nrf2 and Nqo1 mRNA increased(P＜0.05).The above results indicate that Lycium barbarum glycopeptide can improve D-gal-induced testicular senescence,attenuate oxidative stress,reduce inflammatory response,decrease apoptosis,and exert a protective effect on testicular injury in rats due to senescence through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognostic factors in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) .Methods:This retrospective study included 52 patients with PCNSL treated in Peking University Third Hospital between January 2013 and December 2023. An analysis was conducted on the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognostic factors of the patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine factors associated with progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) .Results:In the overall cohort, the median age at diagnosis was 57 (range, 23-87) years, with a male/female ratio of 1.08:1. Neurological dysfunction (71.2%) and intracranial hypertension (57.7%) were common clinical manifestations. The tumors involved the deep brain tissue and presented as multifocal lesions. Treatment efficacy was evaluable in 49 patients, with a median follow-up of 23 (95% CI: 8.6-37.4) months. The 2- and 5-year PFS rates were 56.4% (95% CI: 42.2%-68.3%) and 36.3% (95% CI: 17.3%-53.4%), respectively, whereas the OS rates were 75.5% (95% CI: 61.7%-87.2%) and 66.0% (95% CI: 43.9%-78.3%), respectively. By univariate Cox regression analysis, age >60 years ( HR=3.436, 95% CI: 1.008-11.710, P=0.049) and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center grade 3 tumor ( HR=22.10, 95% CI: 4.736 - 103.400, P< 0.001) were prognostic factors for worse OS, whereas auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as consolidation therapy was significantly associated with longer OS ( HR=0.223, 95% CI: 0.077-0.643, P=0.006). By multivariate Cox regression analysis, high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy ( HR=0.082, 95% CI: 0.008-0.873, P=0.038) and auto-HSCT ( HR=0.151, 95% CI: 0.030-0.747, P= 0.020) were independent predictors of prolonged OS. Conclusion:The prognosis was poor in patients with PCNSL who are elderly and those at high risk according to risk stratification. Adopting treatment regimens containing high-dose methotrexate and performing auto-HSCT can improve survival in patients with PCNSL.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the CLAE (cladribine + cytarabine + etoposide) regimen in refractory/relapsed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (R/R T-ALL/LBL) .Methods:Patients with R/R T-ALL/LBL received the CLAE regimen in a prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical study or compassionate use. From March 2019 to August 2024, data from 25 patients (18 in the study across five centers and 7 receiving compassionate treatment in Peking University Third Hospital) were collected. Outcomes included objective response rate, complete response (CR) rate, partial response (PR) rate after 1–2 cycles, bridging to allo-HSCT, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse effects.Results:Median age was 29 years (range, 13–63) ; 17 were male. Among the 24 evaluable patients, CR rate was 33.3% overall and 41.2% among enrolled patients. Median OS and PFS time were 199 (46–1 310) and 49 (28–1 310) days, respectively. Cumulative OS rate at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was (52.1±10.2) %, (29.7±9.3) %, and (27.1±9.1) %, respectively; cumulative PFS rate was (32.6±9.6) %, (24.9±8.9) %, and (23.8±8.7) %, respectively. Among patients achieving CR or PR (8 cases), median OS and PFS were not reached. Cumulative OS rate at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was (86.8±12.0) %, (78.3±14.6) %, and (72.9±15.7) %, respectively, and the cumulative PFS rate was (86.4±12.1) %, (74.8±15.3) %, and (72.9±15.7) %, respectively. Adverse events were mainly hematologic; no treatment-related mortality occurred. Seven patients achieving CR were bridged to allo-HSCT, with 5 remaining in continuous remission.Conclusion:The CLAE regimen is safe and effective for R/R T-ALL/LBL, facilitating CR as a bridge to allo-HSCT and potentially improving patient prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of human papillomavirus E6/E7(HPV E6/E7)mRNA combined with colposcopy in screening cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods A total of 480 patients with suspected cervical precancerous lesions in the hospital from July 2022 to De-cember 2024 were retrospectively selected as research objects.All the patients underwent HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing,colposcopy,and pathological examination.Taking the pathological examination results as the diagnostic golden standard,the diagnostic values of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and colposcopy alone as well as their combination were analyzed.Results The pathological examination results of 480 pa-tients showed that there were 192 negative cases,including 1 case of normal cervix and 191 cases of benign lesions;there were 288 positive cases,including 133 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithe-lial lesions(LSIL),110 cases of high-grade squamousintraepithelial lesions(HSIL),and 45 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).The colposcopy results showed 211 true-positive cases and 138 true-negative cases;the HPV E6/E7 mRNA test results showed 199 true-positive cases and 137 true-negative cases;the combined test results showed 239 true-positive cases and 174 true-negative cases.The sensitivity(95.22％),specificity(75.98％),accuracy(86.04％),positive predic-tive value(81.29％),and negative predictive value(93.55％)of the combined test were signifi-cantly higher than those of each individual test(P＜0.001).Moreover,the consistency between the combined test and pathological results(Kappa=0.718,P＜0.001)was also significantly high-er than that of each individual test.Conclusion Compared with HPV E6/E7 mRNA or colposcopy alone,the combined test has higher clinical application value in screening of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer,shows stronger consistency with pathological results,and is of great sig-nificance for the early differential diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.

Hematologic malignancies,such as lymphoma,myeloma,and myeloid neoplasms,can occur in extramedullary tissues.Traditional histopathological morphology and immunohistochemical staining have lim-itations,including time-consuming specimen processing,prolonged reporting cycles,and relatively low sensi-tivity in cases of limited cell numbers.Flow cytometry offers significant advantages in detecting tissue sam-ples,such as rapid processing,shorter reporting cycles,and high accuracy and sensitivity,making it an effective complement to histopathological and immunohistochemical methods.However,the application of flow cytome-try in tissue sample detection currently lacks standardized protocols for sample collection and preservation,single-cell suspension preparation,antibody panel design for limited samples,data analysis,and result repor-ting.To promote the standardized application of flow cytometry in detecting hematologic tumor cells in tissue samples,the Cell Analysis Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Biotechnology organized experts to develop the Chinese Expert Consensus on Flow Cytometry for Detecting Hematologic Tumor Cells in Tis-sue Samples(hereinafter referred to as the Consensus).This Consensus elaborates on the technical aspects of flow cytometry for tissue sample detection,covering sample processing,antibody panel design,data analysis,reporting content,and quality management.It particularly emphasizes recommended antibody panels and data analysis methods for flow cytometry when tissue sample cell counts are low.This article aims to interpret the key points of the Consensus to facilitate its better application in clinical practice.