Objective:To investigate the correlation between bladder mucosal smoothness (BMS) and early urinary continence recovery following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 192 prostate cancer patients who underwent LRP at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2016 and March 2020. The patients' average age was (69.1±8.0) years old, and the median pre-biopsy PSA level was 12.23 (7.45, 20.36) ng/ml. There were 69 patients (35.9%) with a Gleason score <7 and 123 patients (64.1%) with a Gleason score ≥7. Clinical staging showed that 92 patients (47.9%) were in stage T 1/T 2, and 100 patients (52.1%) were in stage T 3. All patients underwent MRI before prostate biopsy. The preoperative MRI measured the prostate volume (PV) as 35.4 (26.3, 51.1) ml, and membranous urethral length (MUL) as (13.9±3.5) mm. The intravesical prostatic protrusion length (IPPL) was <5 mm in 128 patients (66.7%) and ≥5 mm in 64 patients (33.3%). All patients completed MRI examination before biopsy, BMS was defined into four grades according to MRI: grade 0, the bladder mucosa is completely smooth; grade 1, a small amount of unevenness and bumps can be seen in the bladder mucosa; grade 2, fissures can be seen in the bladder mucosa, less than half of the bladder wall, or bladder diverticulum; grade 3, the bladder fissure exceeds half of the bladder wall, or fissure progresses to a small loss of muscularis. In this study, there were 63 patients (32.8%) with grade 0, 95 patients (49.5%) with grade 1, and 34 patients (17.7%) with grade 2-3. Postoperatively, patients were followed up monthly from the first month onwards to assess urinary continence recovery, defined as not requiring pads throughout the day. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to identify risk factors affecting early postoperative urinary continence recovery, and log-rank test was used to compare postoperative urinary continence recovery curves among different groups. Results:All surgeries were successfully completed. The complete urinary continence rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were 40.1% (77/192), 57.8% (111/192), 71.9% (138/192), and 90.1% (173/192), respectively.In the univariate analysis of urinary incontinence, the proportion of urinary incontinence was lower in patients with PV <40 ml than that in patients with PV ≥40 ml [33.0% (38/115) vs. 55.8% (43/77), P<0.05]. The proportion of urinary incontinence in patients with maximum urethral length (MUL) <14 mm was higher than that in patients with MUL ≥14 mm [75.7% (56/74) vs. 21.2% (25/118), P<0.05]. The proportion of urinary incontinence in patients with the interpubic prostate length (IPPL) <5 mm was lower than that in patients with IPPL ≥5 mm [26.6% (34/128) vs. 73.4% (47/64), P<0.05]. The proportion of urinary incontinence was lower in the group with a BMS of 0 compared to those with BMS of 1 and BMS of 2-3 [23.8% (15/63) vs. 47.4% (45/95) vs. 61.8% (21/34), P<0.05]. These results indicated that the differences in urinary incontinence proportions across these indicators are statistically significant. Multivariate analysis indicated that MUL, IPPL, and BMS were independent risk factors for early postoperative urinary incontinence(all P<0.05). The log-rank test demonstrated that differences in postoperative urinary continence recovery among groups with different PV ( P<0.05), MUL, IPPL, and BMS were all statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Higher BMS grades are an independent risk factor for early postoperative urinary incontinence. Preoperative MUL, IPPL, PV, and BMS are correlated with urinary continence recovery after LRP. These findings require further validation in larger clinical studies.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between bladder mucosal smoothness (BMS) and early urinary continence recovery following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 192 prostate cancer patients who underwent LRP at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2016 and March 2020. The patients' average age was (69.1±8.0) years old, and the median pre-biopsy PSA level was 12.23 (7.45, 20.36) ng/ml. There were 69 patients (35.9%) with a Gleason score <7 and 123 patients (64.1%) with a Gleason score ≥7. Clinical staging showed that 92 patients (47.9%) were in stage T 1/T 2, and 100 patients (52.1%) were in stage T 3. All patients underwent MRI before prostate biopsy. The preoperative MRI measured the prostate volume (PV) as 35.4 (26.3, 51.1) ml, and membranous urethral length (MUL) as (13.9±3.5) mm. The intravesical prostatic protrusion length (IPPL) was <5 mm in 128 patients (66.7%) and ≥5 mm in 64 patients (33.3%). All patients completed MRI examination before biopsy, BMS was defined into four grades according to MRI: grade 0, the bladder mucosa is completely smooth; grade 1, a small amount of unevenness and bumps can be seen in the bladder mucosa; grade 2, fissures can be seen in the bladder mucosa, less than half of the bladder wall, or bladder diverticulum; grade 3, the bladder fissure exceeds half of the bladder wall, or fissure progresses to a small loss of muscularis. In this study, there were 63 patients (32.8%) with grade 0, 95 patients (49.5%) with grade 1, and 34 patients (17.7%) with grade 2-3. Postoperatively, patients were followed up monthly from the first month onwards to assess urinary continence recovery, defined as not requiring pads throughout the day. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to identify risk factors affecting early postoperative urinary continence recovery, and log-rank test was used to compare postoperative urinary continence recovery curves among different groups. Results:All surgeries were successfully completed. The complete urinary continence rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were 40.1% (77/192), 57.8% (111/192), 71.9% (138/192), and 90.1% (173/192), respectively.In the univariate analysis of urinary incontinence, the proportion of urinary incontinence was lower in patients with PV <40 ml than that in patients with PV ≥40 ml [33.0% (38/115) vs. 55.8% (43/77), P<0.05]. The proportion of urinary incontinence in patients with maximum urethral length (MUL) <14 mm was higher than that in patients with MUL ≥14 mm [75.7% (56/74) vs. 21.2% (25/118), P<0.05]. The proportion of urinary incontinence in patients with the interpubic prostate length (IPPL) <5 mm was lower than that in patients with IPPL ≥5 mm [26.6% (34/128) vs. 73.4% (47/64), P<0.05]. The proportion of urinary incontinence was lower in the group with a BMS of 0 compared to those with BMS of 1 and BMS of 2-3 [23.8% (15/63) vs. 47.4% (45/95) vs. 61.8% (21/34), P<0.05]. These results indicated that the differences in urinary incontinence proportions across these indicators are statistically significant. Multivariate analysis indicated that MUL, IPPL, and BMS were independent risk factors for early postoperative urinary incontinence(all P<0.05). The log-rank test demonstrated that differences in postoperative urinary continence recovery among groups with different PV ( P<0.05), MUL, IPPL, and BMS were all statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Higher BMS grades are an independent risk factor for early postoperative urinary incontinence. Preoperative MUL, IPPL, PV, and BMS are correlated with urinary continence recovery after LRP. These findings require further validation in larger clinical studies.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of serological indicators and evaluate the diagnostic value of a new established combined serological model on identifying the minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:This prospective multicenter study enrolled 263 compensated cirrhotic patients from 23 hospitals in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China between October 2021 and August 2022. Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected, and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated. Ammonia level was corrected to the upper limit of normal (AMM-ULN) by the baseline blood ammonia measurements/upper limit of the normal reference value. MHE was diagnosed by combined abnormal number connection test-A and abnormal digit symbol test as suggested by Guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. The patients were randomly divided (7∶3) into training set ( n=185) and validation set ( n=78) based on caret package of R language. Logistic regression was used to establish a combined model of MHE diagnosis. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve. The internal verification was carried out by the Bootstrap method ( n=200). AUC comparisons were achieved using the Delong test. Results:In the training set, prevalence of MHE was 37.8% (70/185). There were statistically significant differences in AMM-ULN, albumin, platelet, alkaline phosphatase, international normalized ratio, MELD score and education between non-MHE group and MHE group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AMM-ULN [odds ratio ( OR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.05-3.14, P=0.038] and MELD score ( OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for MHE, and the AUC for predicting MHE were 0.663, 0.625, respectively. Compared with the use of blood AMM-ULN and MELD score alone, the AUC of the combined model of AMM-ULN, MELD score and education exhibited better predictive performance in determining the presence of MHE was 0.755, the specificity and sensitivity was 85.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the model had good calibration ( P=0.733). The AUC for internal validation of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.752. In the validation set, the AUC of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.794, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration ( P=0.841). Conclusion:Use of the combined model including AMM-ULN, MELD score and education could improve the predictive efficiency of MHE among patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Objective:To compare the differences in the prevalence of mild micro-hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) among patients with cirrhosis by using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and the Stroop smartphone application (Encephal App) test.Methods:This prospective, multi-center, real-world study was initiated by the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and the Portal Hypertension Alliance and registered with International ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05140837). 354 cases of cirrhosis were enrolled in 19 hospitals across the country. PHES (including digital connection tests A and B, digital symbol tests, trajectory drawing tests, and serial management tests) and the Stroop test were conducted in all of them. PHES was differentiated using standard diagnostic criteria established by the two studies in China and South Korea. The Stroop test was evaluated based on the criteria of the research and development team. The impact of different diagnostic standards or methods on the incidence of MHE in patients with cirrhosis was analyzed. Data between groups were differentiated using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test. A kappa test was used to compare the consistency between groups. Results:After PHES, the prevalence of MHE among 354 cases of cirrhosis was 78.53% and 15.25%, respectively, based on Chinese research standards and Korean research normal value standards. However, the prevalence of MHE was 56.78% based on the Stroop test, and the differences in pairwise comparisons among the three groups were statistically significant (kappa = -0.064, P < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the MHE prevalence in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C was 74.14%, 83.33%, and 88.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Chinese researchers, while the MHE prevalence rates in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C were 8.29%, 23.53%, and 38.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Korean researchers. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of MHE in the three groups of patients with Child-Pugh grades A, B, and C were 52.68%, 58.82%, and 73.53%, respectively, according to the Stroop test standard. However, among the results of each diagnostic standard, the prevalence of MHE showed an increasing trend with an increasing Child-Pugh grade. Further comparison demonstrated that the scores obtained by the number connection test A and the number symbol test were consistent according to the normal value standards of the two studies in China and South Korea ( Z = -0.982, -1.702; P = 0.326, 0.089), while the other three sub-tests had significant differences ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence rate of MHE in the cirrhotic population is high, but the prevalence of MHE obtained by using different diagnostic criteria or methods varies greatly. Therefore, in line with the current changes in demographics and disease spectrum, it is necessary to enroll a larger sample size of a healthy population as a control. Moreover, the establishment of more reliable diagnostic scoring criteria will serve as a basis for obtaining accurate MHE incidence and formulating diagnosis and treatment strategies in cirrhotic populations.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to organic dust has been widely investigated as a potential risk factor for asthma with different results. To clarify a potential relationship, we performed the present meta-analysis to integrate the results of studies examining the association of organic dust exposure with asthma. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search in the electronic databases including EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases (up to August 2018) was conducted. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for organic dust exposure and asthma were retrieved and pooled to generate summary effect estimates in Revman 5.2. RESULTS: Database searches retrieved 1,016 records. A total of 17 studies containing 3,619 cases and 6,585 controls were finally included in our meta-analysis. The summary estimates suggested that organic dust exposure was positively associated with asthma (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.26–1.75; P < 0.00001), whether among population-based case-control studies (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.13–1.35; P < 0.00001) or hospital-based case-control studies (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.27–6.12; P = 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that paper/wood (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.38–1.90; P < 0.00001), flour/grain (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11–1.97; P = 0.008), and textile dust (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.08–2.09; P = 0.02) exposure were significantly associated with asthma. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the studies evaluated, our meta-analysis results prompt that organic dust exposure is a risk factor inducing asthma, although precise analysis focus on specific organic dust materials is still warranted.
Asthma ; Case-Control Studies ; Dust ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Textiles

Objective To investigate the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in breast cancer and its relationship with fluorouracil sensibility and patients' prognosis.Methods TS expression in 80 cases of breast cancer was measured by RT-QPCR.The chemotherapy (CAF) was given.Relationship between TS and fluorouracil sensibility was studied,as well as the relation between TS expression and prognosis of breast cancer.Result Positive expression of TS gene was detected by Q-PCR 1n 27.5％ of the breast cancer specimens.The expression of TS had no relation with age,lymphatic metastasis,histological grade or clinical stage,while it was obviously correlated with HER2 (P＜0.01).The expression of TS had negative correlation with the antitumor effect of fluorouracil.The five-year survival rate of TS positive patients was lower than that of TS negative patients (P＜0.01).Conclusions Breast cancer patients with low expression of TS may benefit from fluorouracil.TS can be used as a molecule marker for predicting efficacy of breast cancer chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate ERCC1 expression in advanced breast cancer and its relationship with cisplatin resistance. Methods ERCC1 expression in 50 cases of advanced breast cancer was measured by RT-QPCR. The chemotherapy (CAF) was given. Gemcitabine and cisplatin were given because of metastasis. Results The expression of ERCC1 has no relationship with age, lymph node metastasis, clinicl stage, histologi-cal grade or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression. The effective rate was 18.8% (3/16) for ERCC1 high-expressed patients and 79.4%(27/34)for ERCC1 low-expressed patients in terms of cisplatin chemotherapy. The sensitity for cisplatin chemotherapy was high for patients with low ERCC1 expression and it was low for patients with high ERCC1 expression. The effective rate (complete remission+partial remission), and ineffective rate (stable disease+progressive disease) between the two had statastical significance (P<0.001). Con-clusions ERCC1 low-expressed patients can benefit from cisplatin. ERCC1 can be used as a moleculer marker for predicting chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer.

Objective To study the prognostic and predictive significance of 21-gene assay ( oncotype DX)in breast cancer.Methods Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-QPCR)was used to detect 21 gene expression in breast cancer tissues (100 cases)and recurrence score(RS)was calculated.Results Among the 100 cases, 52 cases had low RS , 22 cases had middle RS , and 26 cases had high RS .The recurrence rate of five years was 1.92%,4.55%and 15.38%respectively.21 gene expression had nothing to do with patients'age, tumor size, histological grade , lymph node metastasis state , ER expression , or PR expression .It was associated with HER 2 expression .Conclusions 21 genes is a good prediction factor in breast cancer and its prognosis .

Objective To learn Chinese and English nurses' knowledge of,attitude to,and experience of physical activity(PA) and associated health promotion(HP).Methods Content analysis method was used to analyze the open-ended questions in a questionnaire survey of Chinese and English nurses about physical activity and associated health promotion.Results Nurses from both countries felt the heavy workload of nursing work was an important barrier for their personal PA,and they all appealed the institution should provide PA facilities or easy access to gym or other sport center.UK nurses demonstrated comprehensive understanding of PA and PA HP,and reported positive attitude toward their own role model in PA HP.Chinese nurses concerned more about their own PA than their PA HP,and they were lack of motivation to participate in PA.Conclusions Education to nurses for physical activity and health promotion should be encouraged.Implications for future research about nurses' occupational physical activity are noted.

Objective To investigate the expression of Survivin,receptor for advanced glycation endproduct(RAGE) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) gene in human breast cancer and their clinical significance.Methods The expression of Survivin,RAGE and HMGB1 gene was detected by Real-time PCR technology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology in the following tissue samples:50 early breast cancers,50 advanced breast cancers,and the corresponding adjacent normal mammary tissues.The relationship of their expression and several factors such as differentiation degree,invasion,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of cancer was explored.Results The positive expression rate of Survivin,RAGE and HMGB1 gene was 62％,73％ and 79％ detected by Real-time PCR technology,78％,69％ and 72％ detected by FISH technology in breast cancer tissues.The overexpression of these genes was positively correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis.The expression of Survivin gene was positively correlated with the expression of RAGE and HMGB1.Conclusion Overexpression of Survivin,RAGE and HMGB1 gene is of great significance in early diagnosis and prognosis of human breast cancer.