OBJECTIVES: To investigate the ethnic origin of Chuanqing people, one of the largest unidentified ethnic groups in Guizhou, China, and analyze its genetic relationships with surrounding populations. METHODS: Based on a self-developed microhaplotype system, we conducted genotyping and analyzed the genetic distribution of microhaplotype loci and their forensic applicability in Chuanqing population in Guizhou Province. Using the microhaplotype data from different intercontinental populations and previously reported data from Han population living in Guizhou Province, we systematically investigated the genetic background of Chuanqing people through population genetic approaches, including genetic distance estimation, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. RESULTS: Among the studied population, the number of haplotype per microhaplotype ranged from 6 to 25. The average expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), and probability of exclusion (PE) were 0.8291, 0.8301, 0.9387, and 0.6593, respectively. The cumulative power of discrimination (CPD) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) for these 33 loci were 1-2.62×10^-41 and 1-7.64×10^-17, respectively. Population genetic analyses revealed that the Chuanqing population had close genetic relationships with the East Asian populations, especially the local Guizhou Han population, Beijing Han population and the Han populations living in southern China. CONCLUSIONS The 33 microhaplotypes exhibit high levels of genetic diversity in the Guizhou Chuanqing population, highlighting their potentials for both forensic identification and parentage testing. The Han populations might have contributed a significant amount of genetic material to the Chuanqing population during the formation and development of the latter.
Humans ; China/ethnology* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeny ; East Asian People/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the correlation between moderate intensity aerobic exercise and cerebral blood flow regulation in patients with mild carotid artery stenosis.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to select 30 cases of patients with unilateral mild carotid artery stenosis and moderate intensity aerobic exercise for more than 1 year in the Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology from July 2022 to November 2023 as the exercise group (study group), and 30 cases of patients with unilateral mild carotid artery stenosis without exercise habits matched by age, gender and other factors as the non-exercise group (control group). Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) examination was performed in both groups, and the recumbent-upright-test, breath holding test and breath exchange test were performed to calculate the occurrence rate of "w" wave in recumbent-upright position, the slope of "w" wave in recubitus position, the change rate of pulse index (PI) before and after breath holding, resistance index (RI), breath holding index (BHI), and cerebral blood flow velocity before and after breath exchange. The blood pressure and heart rate difference in the recumbent-upright position were calculated, and the correlation between moderate intensity aerobic exercise and cerebral blood flow regulation function in patients with mild carotid artery stenosis was evaluated by statistical analysis. The correlation analysis between the exercise years and BHI in the study group was carried out to explore the relationship between the exercise years and cerebrovascular reactivity.Results:The occurrence rate and slope of "w" wave in the study group were higher than those in the control group: 93.3%(28/30) vs. 86.7%(26/30), 2.27 ± 1.14 vs. 1.28 ± 0.23, 2.67 ± 0.63 vs. 1.41 ± 0.69, there were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The change rates of PI and RI before and after breath holding and ventilation in the study group were higher than those in the control group: 21.23 ± 7.67 vs. 13.89 ± 9.67, 14.62 ± 6.63 vs. 11.17 ± 1.78 and 26.26 ± 12.46 vs. 18.36 ± 12.13, 14.91 ± 4.91 vs. 10.83 ± 2.35, and the average cerebral blood flow velocity before and after ventilation was higher than that in the control group: (31.26 ± 4.92) cm/s vs. (24.89 ± 6.34) cm/s, there were statistically significant ( P<0.01). The exercise years of the study group was negatively correlated with the breath holding index. Conclusions:Moderate intensity exercise is associated with cerebral blood flow regulation in patients with mild carotid artery stenosis. Exercise years are negatively correlated with cerebral blood flow regulation. Impaired cerebral blood flow regulation may be one of the potential mechanisms of poor prognosis of stroke in carotid artery stenosis population.

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is a rare but serious complication after cerebral revascularization, which may lead to catastrophic consequences. The mechanism of CHS is not fully understood, and it may be related to cerebral autoregulation dysfunction and the increase of blood pressure after operation. Timely detection and treatment of cerebral hyperperfusion can avoid CHS. This article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, prevention and treatment of CHS.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of headache degree in migraine patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO).Methods:The clinical data of 124 migraine patients with PFO from January 2013 to June 2019 in Dalian Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The right-to-left shunt of PFO was assessed by contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler (c-TCD); the diameter of PFO, length of PFO tunnel and the presence of atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) were detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE); the degree of migraine was assessed by headache impact test-6 (HIT-6) scale. The relations between right-to-left shunt volume of PFO, diameter of PFO and degree of migraine were analyzed by Goodman-Kruskal γ test; the relations between the length of PFO tunnel, ASA and degree of migraine were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results:Among the 124 migraine patients with PFO, the c-TCD test result showed that small shunt volume was in 20 cases, medium shunt volume in 31 cases, and large shunt volume in 73 cases. The TEE test result showed that small foramen ovale in 76 cases, medium foramen ovale in 47 cases, and large foramen ovale in 1 case; long tunnel in 57 cases, and short tunnel in 67 cases; without ASA in 91 cases, and with ASA in 33 cases. The HIT-6 score result showed that some influence in 9 cases, significantly influence in 22 cases, and serious influence in 93 cases. The Goodman-Kruskal γ test result showed that right-to-left shunt volume of PFO and diameter of PFO were positive correlation with degree of migraine ( γ = 0.66, P<0.01; γ = 0.38, P<0.05). The Spearman rank correlation analysis result showed that ASA was positive correlation with degree of migraine ( r = 0.18, P<0.05), while the length of PFO tunnel was negative correlation with degree of migraine ( r = -0.23, P<0.05). Conclusions:The right to left shunt amount of PFO, diameter of PFO and the presence of ASA are positive correlation with degree of migraine, while the length of PFO tunnel is negative correlation with degree of migraine.

Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of exacerbation of anxiety-like behavior in db/db mice after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO).Methods:The db/db mice was used to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Meanwhile, heterozygous db/+ mice and C57 wild-type (WT) mice were chosen as double control groups. Then a permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model was employed as an acute ischemic stroke model. The blood glucose levels before and post-dMCAO surgery on day1, day3, and day5 were detected. The brain tissue loss at 35 days after stroke was measured by immunofluorescent staining of MAP2. The open-field test was performed to estimate anxiety-like behavior and general motor and exploring ability of the animals. Axons and myelin were immunostained with non-phosphorylated neurofilaments (SMI32) and myelin basic protein (MBP), respectively, to evaluate differences in white matter integrity in WT, db/+ and db/db mice 35 days after stroke. The correlation between SMI32/MBP and open field test parameters (time in center and corner) was analyzed. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the amount of T cells and B cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the brain tissue.Results:Blood glucose levels in db/db mice were significantly higher than db/+ mice and WT mice in both sham and dMCAO groups ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in brain tissue loss 35 days post-stroke among db/db mice, db/+ mice, and WT mice. In the open field test, there were significant differences in the total distance of db/db mice, db/+ and WT mice in the sham and dMCAO groups. Db/db mice shorter than db/+ mice ( P<0.05), WT mice ( P<0.01), and db/+ mice shorter than WT mice ( P<0.05). There were significant time differences in the center among db/db, db/+, and WT mice in sham and dMCAO groups. In both the sham and dMCAO groups, db/db mice spent less time in the center area of the open field than WT mice ( P<0.01). In the sham group, db/+ mice spent less time in the center area than WT mice ( P<0.05). In dMCAO group, db/db mice spent less time in the center area than db/+mice ( P<0.05), and db/+ mice spent less time in the center area than WT mice ( P<0.01). For the time in the corner, in both the sham and dMCAO groups, db/db mice and db/+ mice consumed more time than WT mice ( P<0.01 or <0.05). In the dMCAO group, db/db mice spent more time in the corner than db/+ mice ( P<0.05). Referring to white matter injury, an increased SMI32/MBP ratio in EC area and CTX area (data was not shown in this article) after dMCAO in db/db, db/+ and WT mice were detected. In EC area, db/db mice have a higher SMI32 ratio than db/+ mice and WT mice: 4.24 ± 0.37 vs. 1.96 ± 0.37, 1.80 ± 0.36, both have significant differences ( P<0.01). For db/db mice and WT mice, the SMI32/MBP ratio negatively correlates with time in center and positive correlation with time in the corner. Three days after dMCAO, the total cells of CD 3+ T cells, CD 8+ cells, Tregs, in db/db mice group have significantly decreased compared to WT group: 4 079 ± 1 345 vs. 70 055 ± 3 374, 141.30 ± 28.36 vs. 2 714.00 ± 463.20, 148.00 ± 61.15 vs. 3 007.00 ± 639.90 ( P<0.01), while B cell has no change between two groups. Conclusions:By comparing the severity of anxiety-like behavior of db/db mice, the severity of white matter injury, and the number of T cells and B cells in brain tissue after dMCAO, immune-mediated brain white matter injury may aggravate db/db mice′s post-dMCAO anxiety-like behavior. Due to the gene dose effect, db/+ mice are not suitable as a control group for db/db mice in animal experiments involving anxiety-like behavior assessment.

Objective:To investigate the influence of Covid-19 epidemic on the number of acute ischemic stroke patients with intravenous thrombolytic therapy in Dalian in 2020, the way to hospital, onset to door time (ODT), door to needle time(DNT), onset to needle time(ONT), and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) before and after intravenous thrombolytic therapy.Methods:This was a retrospective descriptive study on 13 map-participating hospitals in Dalian from August 2020 to December 2020. The number of acute ischemic stroke patients with intravenous thrombolytic therapy, ODT, DNT, ONT, modes of transport to hospital, the NIHSS score before and after intravenous thrombolytic therapy, etc were analyzed. Data were collected from August 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, and compared with the baseline data from the same period in 2019.Results:SPSS 22.0 statistical software and Data Analysis ToolPak were used for statistical analysis of the obtained data, and T tests statistic was used for data analysis. In 2020,the number of acute ischemic stroke patients with intravenous thrombolytic therapy increased (681 cases vs 416 cases), and DNT increased [50 minutes vs 45 minutes P = 0.01]. In 2020, 83.55% of patients indicated self-visit as their main mode of transport to the hospital. In 2020, among the self-visit patients with NIHSS score<15 scores,the number of the patients with the NHISS score unchanged or decreased after intravenous thrombolytic therapy was more (562 scores vs. 535 scores, P<0.001), and the patients with NIHSS score ≥15 scores were more willing to call ambulances to hospital. Conclusions:During the Covid-19 epidemic period of 2020, the number of acute ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy increased, DNT increase; the patients withNIHSS score<15 scores are more willing to choose to visit the hospital using their own transportation and benefit from intravenous thrombolytic therapy. The patients with NIHSS ≥15 scores prefer to call ambulances to hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety percutaneous pulmonary vein intervention in patients with severe pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) caused by fibrosing mediastinitis(FM). Methods: This retrospective analysis included 5 FM patients (2 male, 3 female, 54-77 years old) confirmed by clinical presentation and chest computed tomography (CT) scan from January to June 2018 who were from Gansu Provincial Hospital and Shanghai Chest Hospital. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) further revealed severe PVS caused by fibrotic tissue compression in mediastinum. After selective pulmonary vein angiography, gradually balloon angioplasty was used to expand the pulmonary vein and then stents were implanted in the pre-dilated stenotic pulmonary veins. Evaluation of therapeutic effect was made at 6 months after the procedure. Results: All of 11 serious compression PVS were treated with stent implantation (diameter: 7-10 mm, length: 17-27 mm). After stenting, degree of pulmonary vein stenosis decreased from (83±16)% to (12±4)% (P<0.01). The minimal diameter of the stenotic pulmonary vein was significantly increased from (0.8±0.5)mm to (7.5±0.8)mm (P<0.01). Trans-stenotic gradient decreased from (27.0±15.1)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to (2.50±0.58)mmHg (P<0.05). Mean pulmonary pressure measured by cardiac catheter decreased from (45.0±9.0)mmHg to (38.7±8.4)mmHg (P<0.05). One patient experienced cardiac arrest due to vagal nerve reflex during big sizing balloon stent dilation and recovered after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. There were no other serious procedure related complications. During the follow-up, severe stenosis at end of proximal stent was evidenced in 1 patient due to fibrotic compression, and another patient developed in-stent thrombosis due to discontinuation of prescribed anticoagulant. Conclusion Percutaneous intervention for severe pulmonary vein stenosis caused by FM is feasible and safe, and can improve hemodynamic caused by the compression of mediastinal vascular structures in these carefully selected patients.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety percutaneous pulmonary vein intervention in patients with severe pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) caused by fibrosing mediastinitis(FM). Methods This retrospective analysis included 5 FM patients (2 male, 3 female, 54-77 years old) confirmed by clinical presentation and chest computed tomography (CT) scan from January to June 2018 who were from Gansu Provincial Hospital and Shanghai Chest Hospital. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) further revealed severe PVS caused by fibrotic tissue compression in mediastinum. After selective pulmonary vein angiography, gradually balloon angioplasty was used to expand the pulmonary vein and then stents were implanted in the pre?dilated stenotic pulmonary veins. Evaluation of therapeutic effect was made at 6 months after the procedure. Results All of 11 serious compression PVS were treated with stent implantation (diameter: 7-10 mm, length: 17-27 mm). After stenting, degree of pulmonary vein stenosis decreased from (83 ± 16)% to (12 ± 4)% (P<0.01). The minimal diameter of the stenotic pulmonary vein was significantly increased from (0.8±0.5)mm to (7.5±0.8)mm (P<0.01). Trans?stenotic gradient decreased from (27.0±15.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to (2.50±0.58)mmHg (P<0.05). Mean pulmonary pressure measured by cardiac catheter decreased from (45.0 ± 9.0)mmHg to (38.7 ± 8.4)mmHg (P<0.05). One patient experienced cardiac arrest due to vagal nerve reflex during big sizing balloon stent dilation and recovered after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. There were no other serious procedure related complications. During the follow?up, severe stenosis at end of proximal stent was evidenced in 1 patient due to fibrotic compression, and another patient developed in?stent thrombosis due to discontinuation of prescribed anticoagulant. Conclusion Percutaneous intervention for severe pulmonary vein stenosis caused by FM is feasible and safe, and can improve hemodynamic caused by the compression of mediastinal vascular structures in these carefully selected patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided great auricular nerve (GAN)block combined with general anesthesia for middle ear microsurgery in adult patients.Methods Sixty-four adult patients of both sexes,aged 18-60 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective middle ear microsurgery,were assigned into 2 groups (n =32 each) using a random number tabte:GAN block combined with general anesthesia group (group GANB+G) and general anesthesia group (group G).Patients received GAN block with 0.25％ ropivacaine 2 ml using ultrasoundguided in-plane technique before anesthesia induction in group GANB+G.Anesthesia induction and maintenance protocols (IV infusion of propofol and target-controlled infusion of remifentanil) were similar in two groups.Analgesia was performed with sufentanil,flurbiprofen axetil or parecoxib sodium after operation to maintain visual analog scale score ＜4 within 48 h after operation.The infusion duration and consumption of propofol and remifentanil,requirement for postoperative analgesia and occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded.Results Compared with group G,the consumption of remifentanil was significantly reduced,and the requirement for postoperative analgesia and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were decreased in group GANB + G (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided GAN block combined with general anesthesia provides better analgesic efficacy in the the perioperative period in adult patients undergoing middle ear microsurgery.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided great auricular nerve block with different concentrations of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing tympanic and mastoid surgery.Methods Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-60 yr,with body mass index of 19-25 kg/m2,undergoing elective tympanic and mastoid surgery under general anesthesia,were divided into 3 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),0.25％ ropivacaine group (group R1) and 0.50％ ropivacaine group (group R2).In R1 and R2 groups,great auricular nerve block was performed under ultrasound guidance before anesthesia induction,0.25％ and 0.50％ ropivacaine 2 ml were injected,respectively,10 min later the block in the area innervated by great auricular nerve was evaluated using the method of acupuncture in comparison with the contralateral area.After successful block was confirmed,the patients were ventilated using the laryngeal mask airway under general anesthesia.Flurbiprofen axetil was given as rescue analgesic,sufentanil was used when the efficacy was not satisfactory,and visual analog scale score was maintained less than or equal to 3 points.The number of patients requiring rescue analgesic was recorded within 48 h after surgery.Results The great auricular nerve was successfully blocked in 60 patients of R1 and R2groups.Compared with group C,the requirement for rescue analgesic was significantly decreased within 48 h after surgery in R1and R2 groups (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the requirement for rescue analgesic within 48 h after surgery between group R1 and group R2 (P＞0.05).Conclusion Ultrasoundguided great auricular nerve block with 0.25％ ropivacaine provides better efficacy for postoperative analgesia in the patients undergoing tympanic and mastoid surgery.