Objective To investigate the role of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in trichloroethylene (TCE)-induced skin sensitization and liver damage in guinea pigs, using diallyl sulfide (DAS), a CYP2E1 inhibitor, as an intervention. Methods Specific pathogen-free female guinea pigs were randomly divided into blank control group, solvent control group, positive control (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene) group, TCE-exposure group, and DAS-intervention group. Skin sensitization experiments were conducted using the guinea pig TCE maximal dose-skin sensitization test. Urinary trichloroacetic acid levels were determined following TCE induction and challenge. At 48 hours after the final challenge, serum liver function markers and inflammatory cytokines levels were detected. Histopathological examination on skin and liver tissues was performed, and hepatic CYP2E1 protein expression and oxidative stress indicators were assessed. Results The sensitization rates of guinea pigs were 100.0%, 75.0%, and 33.3% in the positive control, TCE-exposure, and DAS-intervention groups, respectively, while the blank control and solvent control groups were both 0.0%. Compared with the guinea pigs in TCE-exposure group, those in the DAS-intervention group had lower urinary trichloroacetic acid levels at intradermal induction, local induction, first challenge, and 24 hours after the final challenge time point (all P<0.05). Histopathology of guinea pigs showed dermal inflammatory infiltration and basal keratinocyte necrosis in the TCE-exposure group, whereas only mild dermal inflammation was observed in the DAS-intervention group. The guinea pigs in TCE-exposure group exhibited diffuse hepatocellular necrosis, while hepatic damage in the DAS-intervention group was alleviated, characterized by only mild hepatocellular steatosis and hepatocyte swelling around the central vein. The skin sensitization rate of guinea pigs in the TCE-exposure group increased (all P<0.01), the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT )activity, the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) increased (all P<0.05), the relative expression of CYP2E1 protein, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the level of malondialdehyde in liver tissue increased (all P<0.05), while the activity of catalase decreased (P<0.05), compared with the blank control and solvent control groups. The serum ALT activity and the levels of IL-2, IL-17, and TNF-α of guinea pigs in DAS-intervention group reduced (all P<0.05), as well as CYP2E1 protein expression, SOD activity, and malondialdehyde level in liver tissue reduced (all P<0.05), compared with the TCE-exposure group. Conclusion TCE can induce hepatic CYP2E1 expression, thereby promoting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which contributes to skin sensitization and liver damage. DAS alleviates TCE-induced toxic effects on skin and liver by inhibiting CYP2E1 expression.

Objective To explore the pathogenic roles of miR-21, estrogen (E2), and estrogen receptor (ER) in adenomyosis. Methods We examined the expression levels of miR-21 in specimens of adenomyotic tissue and benign cervical lesions using qRT-PCR. In primary cultures of cells isolated from the adenomyosis lesions, the effect of ICI82780 (an ER inhibitor) on miR-21 expression levels prior to E2 activation or after E2 deprivation were examined with qRT-PCR. We further assessed the effects of a miR-21 mimic or an inhibitor on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and autophagy of the cells. Results The expression level of miR-21 was significantly higher in adenomyosis tissues than in normal myometrium (P<0.05). In the cells isolated from adenomyosis lesions, miR-21 expression level was significantly higher in E2 activation group than in ER inhibition+E2 activation group and the control group (P<0.05);miR-21 expression level was significantly lower in cells in E2 deprivation+ER inhibition group than in E2 deprivation group and the control group (P<0.05). The adenomyosis cells transfected with miR-21 inhibitor showed inhibited proliferation and migration, expansion of mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum, increased lysosomes, presence of autophagosomes, and increased cell apoptosis, while transfection of the cells with the miR-21 mimic produced the opposite effects. Conclusion MiR-21 plays an important role in promoting proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis in adenomyosis cells by altering the cell ultrastructure, which may contribute to early pathogenesis of the disease. In addition to binding with E2, ER can also regulate miR-21 through other pathways to participate in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, thus having a stronger regulatory effect on miR-21 than E2.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of serum microRNA-326(miR-326)and microRNA-623(miR-623)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients and their clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis.Methods A total of 114 NSCLC patients diagnosed in our hospital from March 2019 to June 2020 were collected as study subjects as case group,123 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were as the control group.According to the 3-year prognosis,patients were separated into a survival group of 71 cases and a death group of 43 cases.Patient related clinical data were collected,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-326 and miR-623 in various serum samples;Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze the relationship between the expression levels of serum miR-326 and miR-623 in NSCLC patients and their 3-year prognosis;Cox proportional risk regression model was applied to analyze the influencing factors of 3-year prognosis in NSCLC patients.Results The expression levels of serum miR-326 in the case group and control group were 0.64±0.15 and 1.02±0.23,respectively,and the expression levels of miR-623 were 0.56±0.10 and 0.98±0.15,respectively.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The proportions of patients with low expression of miR-326 and miR-623 in low differentiation,TNM stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ,and lymph node metastasis were higher than those in high differentiation,TNM stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and no lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).The 3-year survival rates of patients with low expression of miR-326(20/55,36.36％)and miR-623(27/61,44.26％)in the serum of NSCLC patients were lower than those of patients with high expression of miR-326(51/59,86.44％)and miR-623(44/53,83.02％)(Log Rank x2=32.060,22.812,P＜0.05).Serum miR-326[(0.55±0.09)vs.(0.69±0.11)]and miR-623 levels[(0.48±0.08)vs.(0.61±0.10)]of patients in the death group were significantly lower than those in the survival group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)for poor prognosis of serum miR-326 and miR-623 alone and in combination in patients diagnosed with NSCLC were 0.828(95％CI:0.754 to 0.901),0.763(95％CI:0.671 to 0.855),and 0.903(95％CI:0.849 to 0.958),respectively.The proportions of patients with TNM stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ,lymph node metastasis,low expression of miR-326 and low expression of miR-623in the death group were higher than those in the survival group(P＜0.05).MiR-326 and miR-623 were protective factors affecting 3-year mortality in NSCLC patients,while TNM staging and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors affecting 3-year mortality in NSCLC patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The low expression of miR-326 and miR-623 may be involved in the occurrence and development of lung cancer,which is closely related to the clinical pathological characteristics and poor prognosis of patients.

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of high-dose- rate interstitial brachytherapy and particle implantation radiotherapy in the treatment of lymph nodes with pelvic metastases in the field after external radiotherapy.Methods:Clinical data of 42 patients with residual or newly metastatic pelvic lymph nodes after radiotherapy at Cangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital who met the inclusion criteria from January 2017 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 12 patients were male and 30 females, aged 39-82 years, (61.6±9.64) years on average. According to the treatment method, all patients were divided into the high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy group ( n=18) and particle implantation radiotherapy group ( n=24). During 3-year follow-up, the local control rate (LCR), incidence of complications and overall survival (OS) were compared between two groups. Age and operation time conforming to normal distribution were analyzed by t-test. The remaining indexes were analyzed by the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The OS and LCR were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results:There was no significant difference in baseline data between two groups (all P>0.05). The operation time in the high-dose- rate interstitial brachytherapy group was longer than that in the particle implantation radiotherapy group [(66.39±11.07) : (45.75±9.19) min, P<0.001]. During subsequent follow-up, there was no significant difference in the LCR between two groups (1-year LCR 88.9% vs. 87.5%, P=0.927; 2-year LCR 72.2% vs. 62.5%, P=0.874). There was no significant difference in the median OS between two groups (31.6 vs. 29.8 months, P=0.798). There was no significant difference in the incidence of early complications between two groups [ (4/18) vs. 5/24 (20.8%), P=1.000]. No late complications observed. Conclusion:High-dose- rate interstitial brachytherapy yields equivalent efficacy and safety to particle implantation radiotherapy in the treatment of lymph nodes with pelvic metastases.

Objective To explore the pathogenic roles of miR-21, estrogen (E2), and estrogen receptor (ER) in adenomyosis. Methods We examined the expression levels of miR-21 in specimens of adenomyotic tissue and benign cervical lesions using qRT-PCR. In primary cultures of cells isolated from the adenomyosis lesions, the effect of ICI82780 (an ER inhibitor) on miR-21 expression levels prior to E2 activation or after E2 deprivation were examined with qRT-PCR. We further assessed the effects of a miR-21 mimic or an inhibitor on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and autophagy of the cells. Results The expression level of miR-21 was significantly higher in adenomyosis tissues than in normal myometrium (P<0.05). In the cells isolated from adenomyosis lesions, miR-21 expression level was significantly higher in E2 activation group than in ER inhibition+E2 activation group and the control group (P<0.05);miR-21 expression level was significantly lower in cells in E2 deprivation+ER inhibition group than in E2 deprivation group and the control group (P<0.05). The adenomyosis cells transfected with miR-21 inhibitor showed inhibited proliferation and migration, expansion of mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum, increased lysosomes, presence of autophagosomes, and increased cell apoptosis, while transfection of the cells with the miR-21 mimic produced the opposite effects. Conclusion MiR-21 plays an important role in promoting proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis in adenomyosis cells by altering the cell ultrastructure, which may contribute to early pathogenesis of the disease. In addition to binding with E2, ER can also regulate miR-21 through other pathways to participate in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, thus having a stronger regulatory effect on miR-21 than E2.

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term exposure to three new types of light emitting diode (LED) sources on the behavior, learning, and memory of rats. Methods A total of 160 specific pathogen-free SD rats were divided into eight groups as followed, trichromatic fluorescent lamps color temperature control group, violet-chip full-spectrum white LED group, blue-chip white LED group, and blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group based on the light sources types, with color temperature of 4 000 K and 6 500 K groups in each group using the 4×2 factorial design. There were 20 rats in each group, with half of the rats were males and half females. Rats were exposed to artificial lighting, and the illumination was set at 750 lx. The rats in each group were exposed to different lighting environments for 12 hours per day for 24 weeks. The open-field and step-down tests were conducted in rats after 24 weeks exposure, followed by sacrifice of rats and measurement of organ coefficients. Differences in body weight, organ coefficients, and neurobehavioral indexes of rats in different groups were compared. Results The spleen coefficient of female rats decreased in blue-chip white LED of 6 500 K color temperature group, and the liver coefficient of male rats decreased in the violet-chip full-spectrum white LED of 4 000 K color temperature, blue-chip full-spectrum white LED of 4 000 K color temperature, and blue-chip full-spectrum white LED of 6 500 K color temperature groups, compared with the same-sex rats in trichromatic fluorescent lamps with same-color temperature control group (all P<0.05). The result of different types of light sources compared in the open-field test showed that the index of total distance and movement speed of female rats in the blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group were lower than those in the other three groups, and the time cost to the central area was longer than that in the blue-chip white LED group and the violet-chip full-spectrum white LED group (all P<0.05). The total distance and movement speed of male rats in the blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group were longer or higher than those in the violet-chip full-spectrum white LED group (all P<0.05). Based on the comparison of color temperature, the time and total distance of male rats in 6 500 K color temperature group were lower than that in the 4 000 K color temperature group (both P<0.05). In the step-down test, both male and female rats in the blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group made more errors compared with other three groups with the same gender (all P<0.05). Conclusion Based on the experimental conditions of this study, the blue-chip full-spectrum white light LED affects behavior, learning and memory of the rats, and trichromatic fluorescent lamp has the lowest effect on neurobehavior. The color temperature also affects behavior of the rats, and high color temperature has higher risk.

Objective:To analyze the prognosis and risk factors for brain metastases (BM) in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) after complete resection, aiming to identify those most likely to benefit from prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).Methods:Clinical data of 94 patients with LS-SCLC treated in Cangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from January 2005 to December 2018 who underwent complete resection were retrospectively analyzed, including 31 cases treated with PCI and 63 without PCI. Prognostic factors and risk factors of BM were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The differences between two groups were analyzed by log-rank test. Independent risk factors of overall survival (OS) and BM were assessed by multivariate Cox regression model.Results:The 2-year and 5-year OS rates were 80.6% and 61.3% in the PCI group, and 61.9% and 46.0% in the non-PCI group, respectively ( P=0.001). The 2-year and 5-year brain metastasis-free survival (BMFS) rates were 80.6% and 54.8% in the PCI group, and 57.1% and 42.9% in the non-PCI group, respectively ( P=0.045). The 2-year and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 71.0% and 48.4% in the PCI group, and 49.2% and 34.9% in the non-PCI group, respectively ( P=0.016). PCI could improve OS in patients with pII/III stage LS-SCLC ( P=0.039, P=0.013), but the OS benefit in patients with pI stage LS-SCLC was not significant ( P=0.167). BM occurred in 3 patients (9.7%) in the PCI group, which was significantly lower than that in the non-PCI group ( n=17, 27.0%; P=0.044); there was no significant difference in the BM rate of patients with pI and pII stage LS-SCLC between PCI and non-PCI groups ( P=0.285, P=0.468); and the BM rate of patients with pIII stage LS-SCLC in the PCI group was significantly lower than that in the non-PCI group ( P=0.041). Multivariate analysis showed age ≥60 ( HR=2.803, P=0.001), BM ( HR=2.239, P=0.022), no PCI ( HR=0.341, P=0.004) and pathological stage pII/III ( HR=4.963, P=0.002) were the independent high-risk factors affecting OS; and pathological stage pII/III ( HR=11.665, P=0.007) was an independent high-risk factor affecting BM. Conclusions:LS-SCLC patients with pII-III stage have a higher risk of developing BM and poor prognosis after complete resection, and should receive PCI treatment. However, LS-SCLC patients with pI stage may not benefit significantly.

Objective:To conduct a meta-analysis to analyze the efficacy and adverse reactions of fractionated high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) as monotherapy for localized prostate cancer.Methods:Relevant databases were searched to collect the clinical trials on HDR-BT as monotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Included studies were limited to full-text publications of fractionated HDR-BT as monotherapy with a median follow-up of at least 5 years, and adequate reporting of treatment outcomes and adverse reactions data. Stata 12.0 was used for data analysis.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 11 clinical trials involving 2 683 patients with prostate cancer were included in this meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were 94% (95% CI: 93% - 96%) and 96% (95% CI: 94% - 98%), respectively. Long-term (≥5 years) cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate were 99% (95% CI: 98% - 100%) and 98% (95% CI: 98% - 99%), respectively. Long-term (≥5 years) late grade ≥3 grade gastrointestinal and genitourinary adverse reactions rates were 2% (95% CI: 1% - 3%) and 9% (95% CI: 6% - 13%), respectively. Conclusions:Fractionated HDR-BT as monotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer. Its long-term efficacy is encouraging, and the treatment is well tolerated and safe.

Objective To analyze the feasibility of using minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery to treat stage Ⅲ silicosis complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis and secondary pneumothorax. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a patient with stage Ⅲ silicosis complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis and secondary pneumothorax. Results The patient had stage Ⅲ silicosis complicated with active pulmonary tuberculosis for 1.5 years. In March 2021, a left-sided pneumothorax occurred and was conservatively treated with closed chest drainage. In April 2022, the patient was admitted with sudden frequent coughing and left-sided chest discomfort. Based on occupational history, dust exposure history, high-kilovolt anterior-posterior chest radiography, chest computed tomography, and sputum smear results, the diagnosis was "stage Ⅲ silicosis; active tuberculosis (positive for acid-fast bacilli in sputum smear); left-sided pleural effusion, pulmonary bulla rupture; secondary pneumothorax (recurrent tension type in left, encapsulated in right); left pleural adhesion". On the second day of admission, left-sided closed chest drainage was performed with poor outcome. On the fifth day of admission, minimally invasive thoracoscopic treatment was performed, including left lung volume reduction, pleural adhesion cauterization, and pleural fixation. Postoperative anti-inflammation, anti-tuberculosis, and symptomatic supportive treatments were administered. Due to the patient's severe underlying disease, wound healing was slow postoperatively, but no serious complications occurred. The pneumothorax completely absorbed and recovered in 17.0 days. Conclusion Minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for silicosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis and secondary pneumothorax, and it is worth promoting.

ObjectiveLipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced zebrafish inflammation model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts from Lianggesan （LGS） and its component Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma. MethodDifferent polar fractions of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma were obtained by the principle of similar miscibility. For toxicity observation， the zebrafish （3 day-post-fertilization） was exposed to different concentrations of extracts for 24， 48 and 72 h. The yolk sac of the zebrafish was microinjected with 0.5 g·L^-1 LPS to establish the inflammation model， and then the embryos were soaked with different concentrations of extracts to observe their survival status at 72 h and the aggregation of neutrophils in yolk sac at 12 h after treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to analyze the yolk sac of the zebrafish microinjected with LPS. Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to further investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma. ResultThe toxicity of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma was decreased with the increase of polarity， and the descending order was petroleum ether>ethyl acetate>n-butanol>water. Compared with model group， the extracts from different fractions of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma prolonged the survival time of the zebrafish， and inhibited the recruitment and aggregation of neutrophils and decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the yolk sac， among which the water fraction of LGS and the ethyl acetate fraction of Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma had the most significant effect （P<0.01）. In addition， compared with model group， the water fraction of LGS and the ethyl acetate fraction of Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma down-regulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and suppressed the expression of toll like receptor 4 （TLR4） and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） in LPS-stimulated zebrafish （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe extracts from different fractions of LGS and Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma exerted protective effects in LPS-induced zebrafish by inhibiting the TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover， in zebrafish model， the method of administration by soaking was applicable to the high-throughput screening of anti-inflammatory Chinese medicine， which was suitable for the evaluation of anti-LPS activity of Chinese medicine and the different extracts.