Objective: To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of sodium pyruvate (SP) on RBC storage lesions using an oxidative damage model. Methods: Six units of leukocyte-depleted suspended RBCs (discarded for non-infectious reasons within three days post-collection) were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control (NS), positive control (PS), experimental group 1 (SP1), and experimental group 2 (SP2). Oxidative stress was induced in the PS group by the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H O ), while SP1 and SP2 received SP supplementation at different concentrations (25 mM and 50 mM, respectively) in the presence of H O . After 1 hour of incubation, RBC morphology was assessed microscopically, and biochemical indicators including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), methemoglobin (MetHb), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and Na /K -ATPase activity were measured. Results: RBCs in the PS group exhibited pronounced morphological damage, including cell shrinkage and echinocyte formation, whereas both SP-treated groups showed significantly reduced structural injury. SP treatment led to elevated GSH levels and decreased concentrations of MDA and MetHb, suggesting attenuation of oxidative stress. Additionally, SP enhanced intracellular ATP levels and Na /K -ATPase activity, thereby contributing to membrane stability. Notably, the SP2 group (50 mM) demonstrated superior protective effects compared to SP1 (25 mM). Conclusion: Sodium pyruvate effectively attenuates oxidative storage lesions in RBCs, primarily through its antioxidant properties, energy metabolism supporting ability, and celluar membrane stabilizing function. These findings suggest SP as a promising additive for enhancing the quality and safety of stored RBCs.

ObjectiveTo study the tumor inhibition and T helper cell （Th）1/Th2 balance regulation effect of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription on lung cancer tumor-bearing mice and to elaborate its mechanism. MethodsA mouse model bearing a lung cancer tumor was established by subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung cancer cells into the armpit and was randomly divided into lung cancer model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and positive control group， with 12 mice per group. The low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription were given modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription by dosing at 2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， once a day， respectively. The positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin （2 mg·kg^-1）， once every other day， for a total of 30 days. Serum interferon （IFN）-γ， interleukin （IL）-2， IL-4， IL-6， and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and spleen index， thymus index， and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Tumor microvascular density was determined by immunohistochemistry， and tumor hypoxia inducible-factor （HIF）-1α， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） mRNA were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The protein levels of HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with lung cancer model group， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription groups and positive control group， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. Compared to the low-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the high-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription compared to the medium-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Wenyang Sanjie prescription can significantly inhibit microangiogenesis， regulate Th1/Th2 balance， inhibit tumor growth， and significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer in mice.

ObjectiveTo study the tumor inhibition and T helper cell （Th）1/Th2 balance regulation effect of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription on lung cancer tumor-bearing mice and to elaborate its mechanism. MethodsA mouse model bearing a lung cancer tumor was established by subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung cancer cells into the armpit and was randomly divided into lung cancer model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and positive control group， with 12 mice per group. The low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription were given modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription by dosing at 2.5， 5， 10 g·kg^-1， once a day， respectively. The positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin （2 mg·kg^-1）， once every other day， for a total of 30 days. Serum interferon （IFN）-γ， interleukin （IL）-2， IL-4， IL-6， and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and spleen index， thymus index， and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Tumor microvascular density was determined by immunohistochemistry， and tumor hypoxia inducible-factor （HIF）-1α， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） mRNA were determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The protein levels of HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with lung cancer model group， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription groups and positive control group， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. Compared to the low-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， while IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased in the high-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription compared to the medium-dose group of modified Wenyang Sanjie prescription， and IL-4， IL-6， IL-10， spleen index， thymus index， tumor weight， and tumor microvascular density were decreased， as well as HIF-1α， EGFR， and VEGF mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Wenyang Sanjie prescription can significantly inhibit microangiogenesis， regulate Th1/Th2 balance， inhibit tumor growth， and significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer in mice.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of influenza A and influenza B viruses infections in the children aged between 0 and 14 years old after COVID-19 was downgraded to category B management of infectious diseases.METHODS From Jan.2023 to Feb.2024,a total of 2349 children aged between 0 and 14 years old who were treated in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University due to influenza-like symptoms of infection and received nucleic acid testing for influenza A and influenza B viruses were recruited as the research subjects.The gender and age of the children as well as the seasons were observed by chi-square test.RESULTS Totally 2349 children were included in the study,and the total positive rate of influenza was 49.85％(1171/2349);the positive rate of influenza A virus was 36.36％(854/2349),the positive rate of influenza B virus was 13.92％(327/2349),and the positive rate of the mixed infections of influenza A virus and influenza B virus was 0.43％(10/2349).The positive rate of influenza A of the girls was the highest(44.17％)(x2=8.980,P=0.011)among the children aged less than 5 years old;the positive rate of influenza B of the boys was the highest(17.19％)(x2=8.378,P=0.015)among the children aged between 5 and 10 years old.There was significant difference in the positive rate of influenza A virus among the seasons in 2023 to 2024(x2=268.12,P＜0.001);the prevalence rate was 60.93％in spring,44.40％in autumn,22.01％in winter.There was significant difference in the positive rate of influenza B virus among the seasons in 2023 to 2024(x2=373.16,P＜0.001),and the preva-lence rate was 25.44％in winter.CONCLUSIONS The influenza viruses are prevalent in spring,autumn and winter from 2023 to 2024,and the influenza A is dominant.The positive rate of influenza viruses shows an upward trend among the children aged between 0 and 14 years old after the COVID-19 is downgraded to category B management of infectious diseases,with the peak of prevalence lagging behind.

BACKGROUND:Compensatory changes in sagittal parameters of the cervicothoracic spine after orthopedic surgery in patients with lumbar degenerative scoliosis and their intrinsic relationship,as well as the impact of these changes on quality of life,are still lacking.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the compensatory alignment of cervical and thoracic vertebrae after correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis.METHODS:103 patients who underwent surgical correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis were included in this study.Patients'demographic characteristics and spinal sagittal parameters were assessed,and prediction equations between changes in cervical sagittal parameters and lumbar deformity correction were attempted.Simultaneously,the SRS-22 scale was used to assess the quality of life of patients and to explore the relationship between the compensatory changes of the cervical and thoracic spine after correction and the patients'health-related quality of life.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At 3 months and 2 years after surgery,all indicators of the cervical spine and thoracic spine were significantly improved compared with those before surgery(P＜0.05),but there was no significant change at 3 months after surgery compared with 2 years after surgery(P＞0.05).At 3 months and 2 years after surgery,the lumbar spine parameters including lumbar lordosis,C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis,and pelvic incident-lumbar lordosis had significant changes compared with those before surgery(P＜0.05),but the change was not significant at 3 months after surgery compared with 2 years after surgery(P＞0.05).(2)Correlation analysis showed that the lumbar lordosis was highly correlated with the C3-C7 cervical lordosis,C1-C7 cervical lordosis,C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,thoracic inlet angle,and C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis(|r|≥ 0.5,P＜0.000 1).The lumbar lordosis was correlated with the thoracic kyphosis(r=-0.280).(3)Two prediction formulas were established for compensatory changes in cervical spine:cervical lordosis=0.524x,lumbar lordosis=-6.612,C2-7 sagittal vertical axis=-0.263x,and lumbar lordosis=-5.436(P＜0.05,R2＞0.6).(4)When postoperative C2-7 sagittal vertical axis was between 14.4 and 26.8 mm;cervical lordosis was between 9° and 41°,lumbar lordosis was between 42.7° and 68.7°,and sagittal vertical axis was between-40 and 40 mm,patients had better quality of life recovery.(5)It is indicated that significant compensatory changes in the sagittal plane of the cervical spine can be observed after correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis.We found that each 1° increase in lumbar lordosis was associated with a corresponding increase of about 0.5° in cervical lordosis and a corresponding decrease of about 0.3 mm in the vertical axis of the C2-7 sagittal plane.Patient satisfaction was higher if compensatory changes were closer to normal sagittal plane.

With the rapid advancements in minimally invasive spine surgery and the increasingly sophisti-cated concept of visualization,transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy(TELD)has become a primary treatment for lumbar disc herniation.Among the critical preoperative steps in TELD,foraminalplasty plays a pivotal role,as its quality directly impacts surgical outcomes and postoperative recurrence rates.This article systemati-cally reviews the evolution of foraminalplasty techniques,evaluates the selection and application of plasty sites,examines factors influencing stability after lumbar foraminalplasty,and highlights recent advancements in computer-assisted navigation.The goal is to serve as a comprehensive reference for clinicians.

Organoids,as a three-dimensional structural model that has been rapidly developed and widely concerned in recent years,enable the key functions and microenvironment of internal organs to be simulated in the real world,and closely reflect the physiological and pathological characteristics of the natural occurrence and metastasis of tumors,providing a new platform for disease modeling,drug research and precision medicine.This paper briefly summarizes the limitations and development prospects of organoid models,analyzes the current construction and development of organoid models of lung cancer and its applicability compared with traditional models under the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine and the basic theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment,and discusses the application of organoid technology in the basic research of lung cancer treatment.The advantages in screening anti-tumor Chinese medicine and drug resistance research and precision medicine provide new ideas for realizing innovative breakthroughs in traditional Chinese medicine research combined with modern science and technology.

Objective:To analyze the association between inflammation-related dietary patterns and the risk for cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥65 years in longevity areas in China by using reduced rank regression (RRR) analysis.Methods:This study used cross-sectional data from the 2021 Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, including the information about study participants' demographic characteristics, lifestyles, daily life activities, and disease histories. Dietary intake was obtained by using a simplified food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive impairment was evaluated based on the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale combined with years of education. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to detect inflammatory markers, especially high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). RRR analysis was used to obtain inflammation-related dietary patterns using hs-CRP and PLR as response variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between dietary pattern score and the risk for cognitive impairment. Restricted cubic spline was used to explore the dose response relationship, and mediation analysis was used to quantify the mediating effects of hs-CRP and PLR.Results:Two dietary patterns were identified with RRR. The primary pattern was characterized by higher intakes of flour, red meat, and dairy products, and lower intake of fresh vegetables, explaining 6.84% of the variance in food intake and 0.50% of the variance in inflammatory markers. Compared with the T1 group, the T3 group had significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.242, 95% CI: 1.034-1.491). Each one standard deviation increase in the dietary pattern score was associated with an 8.7% increase in the risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.087, 95% CI: 1.008-1.172), with a significant linear trend (overall-model P<0.001, non-linear P=0.295). Mediation analysis indicated that hs-CRP mediated 6.2% of the association between the dietary pattern and the risk for cognitive impairment. Conclusion:The inflammation- related dietary pattern characterized by higher consumption of flour, red meat, and dairy products and lower consumption of fresh vegetables is associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment in older adults, and hs-CRP partially mediates this association.

Objective:To understand the changes in the prevelance smoking in people aged ≥15 years in Baoji, and provide evidence for the improvement of tobacco control strategies.Methods:Data were from the sampling survey of chronic diseases and their risk factors conducted in Baoji at an interval of five years from 2013 to 2023. The survey used multi-stage cluster random sampling method to select local people aged ≥15 years, and the information about their tobacco use were collected by face-to-face interview. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence of smoking, and χ2 test was used to analyze the change trend. Results:The smoking rate in people aged ≥15 years in Baoji decreased from 2013 to 2023, and the standardized smoking rate decreased by 13.6% in 2023 compared with 2013. The standardized smoking cessation rate increased by 13.4% in 2018 compared with 2013, and the standardized smoking cessation rate decreased by 7.3% in 2023 compared with 2018. The standardized passive smoking rate decreased by 15.1% in 2018 compared with 2013, and the standardized passive smoking rate increased by 8.8% in 2023 compared with 2018. The average daily smoking amount increased by 3.7 cigarettes in 2018 compared with 2013, and the average daily smoking amount decreased by 3.9 cigarettes in 2023 compared with 2018.Conclusion:Progress has been made in tobacco control in Baoji, but problems still exist in tobacco control, to which close attention needs to be paid.

Objective:To investigate the impacts of total salvianolic acid(TSA)on macrophage polarization and mesenchymal macrophage infiltration in liver cancer bearing mice by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Methods:Mice were randomly separated into liver cancer group,TSA low concentra-tion group,TSA medium concentration group,TSA high concentration group,TSA high concentration+TLR4 inhibitor(TAK242)group and control group,with 12 mice in each group.Except for control group,mice in all other groups were injected subcutaneously into the right axilla to construct liver cancer models by intraperitoneal transmission of third-generation H22 cell suspension.After suc-cessful modeling,administration was carried out once a day for 2 weeks.Changes in tumor weight,tumor volume,spleen index and thymus index were detected.Immunofluorescence was applied to detect proportions of CD86 and CD206 positive cells in tumor tissue.ELISA was applied to detect levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-6 and IL-10 in tumor tissues.Flow cytometry was ap-plied to detect proportion of CD11b+F4/80+in tumor tissue.Western blot was applied to detect TLR4,p-NF-κB P65 and MyD88 pro-teins in tumor tissue.The life quality and survival rate of mice were observed.Results:Compared with control group,spleen index,thymus index,proportion of CD86 positive cells in tumor tissue,levels of iNOS and IL-6,and expressions of TLR4,p-NF-κB P65 and MyD88 proteins were reduced in liver cancer group,while proportion of CD206 positive cells and level of IL-10 in tumor tissue were increased(P<0.05).Compared with liver cancer group,tumor weight and volume of mice in TSA low,medium,high concentration groups were decreased,while survival rate,spleen index,thymus index,proportion of CD86 positive cells in tumor tissue,levels of iNOS and IL-6,and expressions of TLR4,p-NF-κB P65 and MyD88 proteins were increased,proportion of CD206 positive cells,level of IL-10,and proportion of CD11b+F4/80+in tumor tissue decreased(P<0.05).TAK242 reversed the effects of high concentration TSA on macrophage polarization and myeloid macrophage infiltration in liver cancer bearing mice.Conclusion:TSA may promote M1 polari-zation of macrophages in liver cancer bearing mice and inhibit myeloid macrophage infiltration by activating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.