The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 3 blood-absorbed components of Xiangshao sanjie oral liquid in rats with hyperplasia of mammary gland （HMG）. METHODS Female SD rats were divided into control group and HMG group according to body weight， with 6 rats in each group. The HMG group was given estrogen+progesterone to construct HMG model. After modeling， two groups were given 1.485 g/kg of Xiangshao sanjie oral liquid （calculated by crude drug） intragastrically， once a day， for 7 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected before the first administration （0 h）， and at 5， 15， 30 minutes and 1， 2， 4， 8， 12， 24 hours after the last administration， respectively. Using chlorzoxazone as the internal standard， the plasma concentrations of ferulic acid， paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid in rats were detected by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters [area under the drug time curve （AUC0－24 h， AUC0－∞）， mean residence time （MRT0－∞）， half-life （t1/2）， peak time （tmax）， peak concentration （cmax）] were calculated by the non-atrioventricular model using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1 software. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the AUC0－24 h， AUC0－∞ and cmax of ferulic acid in the HMG group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the AUC0－24 h， AUC0－∞ ， MRT0－∞ ， t1/2 and cmax of paeoniflorin increased， but there was no significant difference between 2 groups （P＞0.05）； the AUC0－24 h and MRT0-∞ of rosmarinic acid were significantly increased or prolonged （P＜0.05）. C ONCLUSIONS In HMG model rats， the exposure of ferulic acid， paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid in Xiangshao sanjie oral liquid all increase， and the retention time of rosmarinic acid is significantly prolonged.

Objective To explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of cancer treatment in the past decade. Methods The CNKI and Web of Science Core Collection databases were searched for Chinese and English articles related to cancer treatment published over the last 10 years. Bibliometric research methods were employed, including keyword cluster analysis of published literature. Results A total of 45 455 Chinese articles and 866 958 English articles were retrieved. Combining the visualization analysis results and the current research dilemma of tumor treatment revealed that the current research hotspots of tumor treatment domestically and internationally can primarily focus on four key areas. In the realm of targeted therapy, efforts are directed towards the discovery of new drug targets, overcoming resistance to targeted therapy, and the development of monoclonal antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates. In the field of immunotherapy, the emphasis lies in enhancing the response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors, determining the mechanisms behind resistance to immunotherapy, and improving the safety of treatment. The research in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) covers evidence-based evaluation studies on TCM treatment, the identification of populations that can gain the most benefit from TCM, and strategies for improving the quality of life. In the area of novel drug development, cutting-edge technologies, such as organoid-based screening for anticancer drugs, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence, are under investigation. Conclusion New targeted drugs, immune efficacy improvement, multidisciplinary integration, nano-delivery, and TCM innovation are the key research directions in the field of tumor therapy in the future.

ObjectiveBased on response surface methodology combined with principal component analysis（PCA）， the optimal decocting process of Moringa oleifera leaf standard decoction was optimized， and its multi-index quality evaluation system was established， in order to provide scientific basis for the quality control of this standard decoction. MethodResponse surface methodology and PCA were used to optimize the decoction process by taking the relative peak areas of 8 characteristic peaks and dry extract yield as indexes. Based on this， the quality of 15 batches of the standard decoction was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） characteristic chromatogram， determination of major components（neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin， astragalin）， determination of active parts（total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine）， dry extract yield， specific gravity and pH. ResultThe optimal decocting process was to soak M. oleifera leaves（100.00 g） for 30 min and decoct twice with the first decoction of 12 times the amount of water for 30 min and the second decoction of 10 times the amount of water for 20 min. Standard decoction containing 0.2 g·mL^-1 of crude drug was defined by x¯±30%， the specific gravity was 0.722-1.340， pH was 3.86-7.16， dry extract yield was 23.1%-42.9%， and the alcohol-soluble extract content was 8.26%-15.34%. Calculated according to the dried products of the standard decoction， the contents of neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin and astragalin were 1.99-3.69， 1.20-2.22， 1.44-2.67， 0.53-0.99， 2.45-4.55， 1.22-2.26 mg·g^-1， the relative transfer rates relative to the herbs were 34.37%-63.83%， 62.43%-115.94%， 64.65%-120.06%， 56.98%-105.82%， 37.46%-69.57%， 41.81%-77.64%， respectively. The contents of total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine were 10.19-18.92， 11.82-21.96， 94.07-174.71， 42.69-79.27， 9.55-17.73 mg·g^-1， the relative transfer rates for herbs were 25.72%-47.77%， 41.78%-77.59%， 64.90%-120.54%， 42.30%-78.57%， 34.99%-64.99%， respectively. ConclusionThe optimized decocting technology of M. oleifera leaf standard decoction is stable and feasible， and the established multi-indicator quality evaluation system can lay the foundation for the quality control of this standard decoction.

ObjectiveTo reveal the molecular mechanism of Angong Niuhuangwan（AGNH） in improving traumatic brain injury（TBI） based on single cell sequencing. MethodSeventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group， model group， piracetam group（3.6 g·kg^-1）， AGNH low- and high-dose groups（0.09， 0.27 g·kg^-1）， with 15 rats in each group. In addition to the sham group， the other 4 groups used the modified Feeney free-fall impact method to prepare TBI model， and the drugs were administered by gavage immediately after modeling， 24 hours later， the modified neurological deficit score（mNSS） was performed， and brain tissue was isolated to determine the degree of cerebral edema. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the injury degree in the cortex， CA1 region and CA3 region of brain tissue. The expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2）， interferon regulatory factor 1（IRF1）， Janus kinase 2（JAK2） and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3（SOCS3） were observed by immunofluorescence（IF） staining. The levels of interleukin（IL）-6， IL-18， IL-1β， IL-17A， tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， Caspase-1 and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain（NOD）-like receptor heat protein domain associated protein 3（NLRP3） inflammasome were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The regulation of AGNH on each cell population was analyzed by single cell sequencing， and differentially expressed genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， which led to construct microglia differentially expressed gene network to search for the key targets， and validated by ELISA and IF. ResultCompared with the sham group， the mNSS and brain water content were significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， mNSS and brain water content in the low and high dose AGNH groups were decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. HE staining results showed that compared with the sham group， the cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats in the model group were seriously lost， and the cells were arranged loosely（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， AGNH could significantly increase the density of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus， making the arrangement more compact， as well as improved cell morphology（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ELISA and IF staining showed that AGNH could reduce the levels of Caspase-1， IL-17A， TNF-α， NLRP3 and COX-2 in brain tissue of TBI rats（P<0.05， P<0.01）. A total of 13 cell subsets were identified by single cell sequencing， among which microglia played an important role in neuroimmunity. The results of GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in microglia showed that AGNH improved TBI in response to inflammation and TNF-α. KEGG enriched IL-17 signaling pathway， TNF signaling pathway， Toll-like receptor signaling pathway， etc. The results of network analysis showed that the key targets of AGNH in regulating TBI might be IL-6， IL-1β， JAK2， SOCS3， IRF1. IF and ELISA verification results showed that compared with the sham group， SOCS3 expression in microglia was decreased in the model group， and the expressions of IL-6， IL-1β， JAK2 and IRF1 were increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， AGNH could increase the expression of SOCS3， decrease the expression of IL-6， IL-1β， JAK2， IRF1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionAGNH can reduce the degree of brain edema and brain injury， decrease the expression of inflammatory factors， and inhibit the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream Caspase-1 in TBI rats， which may act on the targets of IL-6， IL-1β， JAK2， IRF1 and SOCS3 in microglia.

【Objective】 To explore the diagnosis and management of liver injury caused by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), so as to provide reference for the diagnoise and treatment of similar patients. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 926 patients who underwent PCNL during Oct.2017 and Oct.2022 were searched, and the data of those complicated with liver injury were analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 11 cases were collected, including 6 males and 5 females, average age (55.00±13.25)years.All injuries were confirmed with CT.The average decrease of hemoglobin after operation was (14.00±11.97)g/L.One patient needed blood transfusion due to pyonephrosis and multiple operations, and all patients were cured and discharged after delaying the removal of nephrostomy tube [an average of (6.73±1.27)days] . 【Conclusion】 In the absence of obvious signs of peritonitis and hemodynamic stability, conservative treatment of liver injury caused by PCNL is safe and effective.

【Objective】 To explore the role of ZFP36 in cardiomyocyte injury and autophagy induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) so as to clarify its molecular regulatory mechanism. 【Methods】 H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes were infected with ZFP36 overexpressing lentivirus (OE-ZFP36) or its negative control lentivirus (OE-ZFP36 NC) to construct stable cell lines, respectively. Transfection of ATG4D overexpression plasmid (OE-ATG4D) improved the expression of ATG4D. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced myocardial cell injury. H9C2 cells were mainly divided into control group, H/R group, OE-ZFP36 NC+H/R group, OE-ZFP36+H/R group, OE-ATG4D NC+H/R group, OE-ATG4D+H/R group, OE-ZFP36+OE-ATG4D NC+H/R group, and OE-ZFP36+OE-ATG4D+H/R group. The protein expressions of ATG4D, Beclin1, LC3 and ZFP36 in H9C2 cells were detected by Western blotting. The mRNA levels of ZFP36 and ATG4D in H9C2 cells were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). The viability of H9C2 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The levels of interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in H9C2 cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9C2 cells were detected by DCFH-DA method. SOD detection kit was used to detect the SOD level in H9C2 cells. The apoptosis of H9C2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. LC3 autophagosomes in H9C2 cells were detected by cellular immunofluorescence. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect the binding of ZFP36 and ATG4D mRNA in H9C2 cells. 【Results】 Compared with control group, H/R group showed decreased cell viability, increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels, increased ROS levels and decreased SOD levels, increased cell apoptosis. Up-regulated ATG4D and Beclin1 protein expression, increased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, as well as upregulated ZFP36 expression were found in H/R group (all P<0.05). Compared with OE-ZFP36 NC+H/R group, elevated cell viability, decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels, decreased ROS levels and increased SOD levels, reduced cell apoptosis (P<0.05), and downregulated ATG4D and Beclin1 protein expression, decreased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio were shown in OE-ZFP36+H/R group (all P<0.05). Compared with infection with OE-ZFP36 NC lentivirus, infection with OE-ZFP36 lentivirus decreased the luciferase activity of ATG4D 3′-UTR reporter gene, decreased the stability of ATG4D mRNA, and downregulated the H/R-induced ATG4D mRNA expression (all P<0.05). Compared with OE-ATG4D NC+H/R group, OE-ATG4D+H/R group had upregulated ATG4D mRNA and protein expression, decreased cell viability, increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels, increased ROS levels, decreased SOD levels and elevated cell apoptosis (all P<0.05). Compared with OE-ZFP36+OE-ATG4D NC+H/R group, OE-ZFP36+OE-ATG4D+H/R group had decreased cell viability, increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels, increased ROS levels, decreased SOD levels and elevated cell apoptosis (all P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The expression of ZFP36 is upregulated in H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury. The overexpression of ZFP36 inhibits H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury and autophagy by regulating ATG4D, thus resisting cardiomyocyte H/R injury. It proves that ZFP36 is an important regulatory molecule against MI/RI.

BACKGROUND:In the selection of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty approaches,there is considerable debate about whether direct anterior and posterior approaches differ in postoperative gait,limb balance,and hip motor capacity,and therefore further investigation is warranted. OBJECTIVE:To assess the gait and hip ambulation ability of direct anterior and posterior approaches for primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty with a prospective randomized controlled study. METHODS:A total of 61 patients with unilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were included in the study.There were 40 males and 21 females,at a mean age of(64.83±5.52)years.All the patients were randomly divided into a direct anterior approach group(n=28)and a posterior approach group(n=33),and received initial total hip arthroplasty by direct anterior approach and posterior approach,respectively.Gait analysis(gait time-space parameters such as stride length,stride frequency,single-leg support time,and plantar pressure difference)and hip ambulation ability(standing-walking timing test and 2-minute walking test)were performed before and 1,3 and 6 months after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the extension of postoperative time,gait time-space parameters in both groups were gradually improved.The stride length,stride frequency,single-leg support time,and plantar pressure difference in the direct anterior approach group were significantly better than those in the posterior approach group 1 month after surgery(P<0.01).The stride frequency,single-leg support time,and plantar pressure difference in the direct anterior approach group were significantly better than those in the posterior approach group 3 months after surgery(P<0.05).The plantar pressure difference in the direct anterior approach group was significantly better than that in the posterior approach group 6 months after surgery(P<0.01).(2)With the extension of postoperative time,the results of the standing-walking timing test and 2-minute walking test were gradually improved in both groups.The results of the standing-walking timing test and 2-minute walking test 1 and 3 months after operation in the direct anterior approach group were better than those in the posterior approach group(P<0.05).(3)The results have indicated that the recovery of postoperative gait and hip ambulation ability of the two groups is inconsistent.The direct anterior approach group has some advantages in the improvement of postoperative gait and hip ambulation ability compared with the posterior approach group in the early postoperative period.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， as an invaluable scientific legacy and cultural patrimony of China， encapsulates the cumulative wisdom of millennia from the Chinese civilization. The deeply rooted medical theories and extensive empirical practices of TCM hold an indispensible central role within China's healthcare framework. Facing the challenges of modern medicine and health needs， it is particularly urgent to explore the mechanisms of Chinese medicines. Post-translational modification （PTM）， as a core mechanism to regulate the complex and diverse protein functions， is a bridge between environmental stimuli and physiological responses. Different PTMs can interact with each other to form a complex regulatory network， which is in line with the multi-component and multi-target action of Chinese medicines. In recent years， protein modification omics has emerged as a powerful means to probe into PTMs， and studies have employed protein modification omics to investigate the mechanisms of Chinese medicines. However， the research in this field is still in the initial stage. This article summarizes the basic theory of PTM and the basic research process of protein modification omics， reviews the application status of protein modification omics in the research on the mechanisms of Chinese medicines， and analyzes the existing research limitations. This study aims to explore an innovative research paradigm for analyzing the mechanisms of Chinese medicines from the perspective of PTM and provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for understanding the mechanisms of Chinese medicines in the future.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of miR-125b promoting invasion,metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of gastric cancer cells.Methods The expression of miR-125b in gastric cancer and its adjacent tissues was studied by qRT-PCR.After upregulating or downregulating miR-125b in gastric cancer cells,the protein expressions of DKK3 and SERPINA4 were detected by Western blotting.Dual luciferase reporting assay was used to verify whether miR-125b can target DKK3 and SERPINA4.MKN45 cells were co-transfected with miR-125b inhibitor and target gene siRNA.Migration and invasion experiments were conducted to explore whether miR-125b can regulate the biological function of MKN45 cells through DKK3 and SERPINA4.Then,the regulatory mechanism of SRF on miR-125b was investigated.Finally,by in vivo experiments,the expression of SRF in gastric cancer cells was upregulated or downregulated by lentivirus transfection;the number of lung metastases in nude mice was detected to explore the effect of SRF on gastric cancer cell metastasis.Results In this study,the expression of miR-125b increased in gastric cancer tissues,which was correlated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis.Dual luciferase reporting experiments showed that DKK3 and SERPINA4 were the direct targets of miR-125b in gastric cancer cells,and could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,thereby promoting the transcription process of EMT-related transcription factors Twist1 and Slug,inducing the occurrence of EMT,and promoting the metastasis of gastric cancer.In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that SRF promoted the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by positively regulating the expression of miR-125b.Conclusion Taken together,SRF/miR-125b axis promotes the EMT and metastasis of gastric cancer cells,and these regulators represent new potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers for gastric cancer.