The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 3 blood-absorbed components of Xiangshao sanjie oral liquid in rats with hyperplasia of mammary gland （HMG）. METHODS Female SD rats were divided into control group and HMG group according to body weight， with 6 rats in each group. The HMG group was given estrogen+progesterone to construct HMG model. After modeling， two groups were given 1.485 g/kg of Xiangshao sanjie oral liquid （calculated by crude drug） intragastrically， once a day， for 7 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected before the first administration （0 h）， and at 5， 15， 30 minutes and 1， 2， 4， 8， 12， 24 hours after the last administration， respectively. Using chlorzoxazone as the internal standard， the plasma concentrations of ferulic acid， paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid in rats were detected by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters [area under the drug time curve （AUC0－24 h， AUC0－∞）， mean residence time （MRT0－∞）， half-life （t1/2）， peak time （tmax）， peak concentration （cmax）] were calculated by the non-atrioventricular model using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1 software. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the AUC0－24 h， AUC0－∞ and cmax of ferulic acid in the HMG group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the AUC0－24 h， AUC0－∞ ， MRT0－∞ ， t1/2 and cmax of paeoniflorin increased， but there was no significant difference between 2 groups （P＞0.05）； the AUC0－24 h and MRT0-∞ of rosmarinic acid were significantly increased or prolonged （P＜0.05）. C ONCLUSIONS In HMG model rats， the exposure of ferulic acid， paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid in Xiangshao sanjie oral liquid all increase， and the retention time of rosmarinic acid is significantly prolonged.

Objective To explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of cancer treatment in the past decade. Methods The CNKI and Web of Science Core Collection databases were searched for Chinese and English articles related to cancer treatment published over the last 10 years. Bibliometric research methods were employed, including keyword cluster analysis of published literature. Results A total of 45 455 Chinese articles and 866 958 English articles were retrieved. Combining the visualization analysis results and the current research dilemma of tumor treatment revealed that the current research hotspots of tumor treatment domestically and internationally can primarily focus on four key areas. In the realm of targeted therapy, efforts are directed towards the discovery of new drug targets, overcoming resistance to targeted therapy, and the development of monoclonal antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates. In the field of immunotherapy, the emphasis lies in enhancing the response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors, determining the mechanisms behind resistance to immunotherapy, and improving the safety of treatment. The research in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) covers evidence-based evaluation studies on TCM treatment, the identification of populations that can gain the most benefit from TCM, and strategies for improving the quality of life. In the area of novel drug development, cutting-edge technologies, such as organoid-based screening for anticancer drugs, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence, are under investigation. Conclusion New targeted drugs, immune efficacy improvement, multidisciplinary integration, nano-delivery, and TCM innovation are the key research directions in the field of tumor therapy in the future.

In continuation of research aimed at identifying anti-inflammatory agents from natural sesquiterpenoids, an activity-guided fractionation approach utilizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated RAW264.7 cells was employed to investigate chemical constituents from Inula Britannica (I. britannica). Seven novel sesquiterpenoid dimers inulabritanoids A-G (1-7) and two novel sesquiterpenoid monomers inulabritanoids H (8) and I (9) were isolated from I. britannica together with eighteen known compounds (10-27). The structural elucidation was accomplished through comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, complemented by quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1, 2, 12, 16, 19, and 26 demonstrated inhibitory effects on NO production, with IC₅₀ values of 3.65, 5.48, 3.29, 6.91, 3.12, and 5.67 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that compound 1 inhibited IκB kinase β (IKKβ) phosphorylation, thereby blocking nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, and activated the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, leading to decreased expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-1β, and IL-1α and increased expression of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thus exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. These results indicate that dimeric sesquiterpenoids may serve as promising candidates for anti-inflammatory drug development.
Mice ; Animals ; Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Inula/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Nitric Oxide ; Molecular Structure ; NF-kappa B/immunology* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology* ; I-kappa B Kinase/genetics*

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and associated factors of malocclusion among preschool children in Fengxian District, Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for local medical and public health departments to formulate targeted interventions. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2024. A total of 1 172 children aged 3‒5 years were recruited from 10 kindergartens across 5 townships in Fengxian District, using stratified cluster random sampling method. Clinical examinations were conducted to record occlusal parameters such as the relationship of the second deciduous molars, canine teeth relationship, anterior overbite and overjet, anterior and posterior crossbite, and crowded dentition. A questionnaire survey was performed to the parents to collect information on factors influencing malocclusion, including genetic predisposition, poor oral habits, dietary patterns, and sleep-related breathing conditions. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27 software, with chi-square test for categorical data and binary logistic regression analysis for influencing factors. ResultsThe overall prevalence of malocclusion among 3‒5-year-old children in Fengxian District of Shanghai was 70.73%, with no statistically significant differences between genders (P>0.05). Deep overbite accounted for the highest proportion (49.66%), followed by Angle Class Ⅱ malocclusion of the second deciduous molars (17.83% on the left, 19.11% on the right), midline deviation (13.23%), anterior crossbite (6.74%), and crowding of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth (16.38% for the maxillary dentition, 17.58% for the mandibular dentition). Multivariate analyses showed that habitual mouth breathing during the day (OR=0.509, P=0.009) and morning dry mouth upon waking (OR=1.455, P=0.023) were independent influencing factors for malocclusion. ConclusionThe prevalence of malocclusion is relatively high among preschool children in Fengxian District, Shanghai,with deep overbite being the dominant trait. Sleep-related breathing conditions (such as habitual mouth breathing during the day and morning dry mouth) is an important influencing factor for malocclusion. Public health authorities should strengthen oral health education and promote the correction of bad habits to reduce the prevalence of malocclusion and improve children’s oral health.

BACKGROUND:In the selection of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty approaches,there is considerable debate about whether direct anterior and posterior approaches differ in postoperative gait,limb balance,and hip motor capacity,and therefore further investigation is warranted. OBJECTIVE:To assess the gait and hip ambulation ability of direct anterior and posterior approaches for primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty with a prospective randomized controlled study. METHODS:A total of 61 patients with unilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were included in the study.There were 40 males and 21 females,at a mean age of(64.83±5.52)years.All the patients were randomly divided into a direct anterior approach group(n=28)and a posterior approach group(n=33),and received initial total hip arthroplasty by direct anterior approach and posterior approach,respectively.Gait analysis(gait time-space parameters such as stride length,stride frequency,single-leg support time,and plantar pressure difference)and hip ambulation ability(standing-walking timing test and 2-minute walking test)were performed before and 1,3 and 6 months after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the extension of postoperative time,gait time-space parameters in both groups were gradually improved.The stride length,stride frequency,single-leg support time,and plantar pressure difference in the direct anterior approach group were significantly better than those in the posterior approach group 1 month after surgery(P<0.01).The stride frequency,single-leg support time,and plantar pressure difference in the direct anterior approach group were significantly better than those in the posterior approach group 3 months after surgery(P<0.05).The plantar pressure difference in the direct anterior approach group was significantly better than that in the posterior approach group 6 months after surgery(P<0.01).(2)With the extension of postoperative time,the results of the standing-walking timing test and 2-minute walking test were gradually improved in both groups.The results of the standing-walking timing test and 2-minute walking test 1 and 3 months after operation in the direct anterior approach group were better than those in the posterior approach group(P<0.05).(3)The results have indicated that the recovery of postoperative gait and hip ambulation ability of the two groups is inconsistent.The direct anterior approach group has some advantages in the improvement of postoperative gait and hip ambulation ability compared with the posterior approach group in the early postoperative period.

ObjectiveBased on response surface methodology combined with principal component analysis（PCA）， the optimal decocting process of Moringa oleifera leaf standard decoction was optimized， and its multi-index quality evaluation system was established， in order to provide scientific basis for the quality control of this standard decoction. MethodResponse surface methodology and PCA were used to optimize the decoction process by taking the relative peak areas of 8 characteristic peaks and dry extract yield as indexes. Based on this， the quality of 15 batches of the standard decoction was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） characteristic chromatogram， determination of major components（neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin， astragalin）， determination of active parts（total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine）， dry extract yield， specific gravity and pH. ResultThe optimal decocting process was to soak M. oleifera leaves（100.00 g） for 30 min and decoct twice with the first decoction of 12 times the amount of water for 30 min and the second decoction of 10 times the amount of water for 20 min. Standard decoction containing 0.2 g·mL^-1 of crude drug was defined by x¯±30%， the specific gravity was 0.722-1.340， pH was 3.86-7.16， dry extract yield was 23.1%-42.9%， and the alcohol-soluble extract content was 8.26%-15.34%. Calculated according to the dried products of the standard decoction， the contents of neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin and astragalin were 1.99-3.69， 1.20-2.22， 1.44-2.67， 0.53-0.99， 2.45-4.55， 1.22-2.26 mg·g^-1， the relative transfer rates relative to the herbs were 34.37%-63.83%， 62.43%-115.94%， 64.65%-120.06%， 56.98%-105.82%， 37.46%-69.57%， 41.81%-77.64%， respectively. The contents of total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine were 10.19-18.92， 11.82-21.96， 94.07-174.71， 42.69-79.27， 9.55-17.73 mg·g^-1， the relative transfer rates for herbs were 25.72%-47.77%， 41.78%-77.59%， 64.90%-120.54%， 42.30%-78.57%， 34.99%-64.99%， respectively. ConclusionThe optimized decocting technology of M. oleifera leaf standard decoction is stable and feasible， and the established multi-indicator quality evaluation system can lay the foundation for the quality control of this standard decoction.

ObjectiveTo reveal the molecular mechanism of Angong Niuhuangwan（AGNH） in improving traumatic brain injury（TBI） based on single cell sequencing. MethodSeventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group， model group， piracetam group（3.6 g·kg^-1）， AGNH low- and high-dose groups（0.09， 0.27 g·kg^-1）， with 15 rats in each group. In addition to the sham group， the other 4 groups used the modified Feeney free-fall impact method to prepare TBI model， and the drugs were administered by gavage immediately after modeling， 24 hours later， the modified neurological deficit score（mNSS） was performed， and brain tissue was isolated to determine the degree of cerebral edema. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the injury degree in the cortex， CA1 region and CA3 region of brain tissue. The expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2）， interferon regulatory factor 1（IRF1）， Janus kinase 2（JAK2） and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3（SOCS3） were observed by immunofluorescence（IF） staining. The levels of interleukin（IL）-6， IL-18， IL-1β， IL-17A， tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， Caspase-1 and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain（NOD）-like receptor heat protein domain associated protein 3（NLRP3） inflammasome were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The regulation of AGNH on each cell population was analyzed by single cell sequencing， and differentially expressed genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， which led to construct microglia differentially expressed gene network to search for the key targets， and validated by ELISA and IF. ResultCompared with the sham group， the mNSS and brain water content were significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， mNSS and brain water content in the low and high dose AGNH groups were decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. HE staining results showed that compared with the sham group， the cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats in the model group were seriously lost， and the cells were arranged loosely（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， AGNH could significantly increase the density of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus， making the arrangement more compact， as well as improved cell morphology（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ELISA and IF staining showed that AGNH could reduce the levels of Caspase-1， IL-17A， TNF-α， NLRP3 and COX-2 in brain tissue of TBI rats（P<0.05， P<0.01）. A total of 13 cell subsets were identified by single cell sequencing， among which microglia played an important role in neuroimmunity. The results of GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in microglia showed that AGNH improved TBI in response to inflammation and TNF-α. KEGG enriched IL-17 signaling pathway， TNF signaling pathway， Toll-like receptor signaling pathway， etc. The results of network analysis showed that the key targets of AGNH in regulating TBI might be IL-6， IL-1β， JAK2， SOCS3， IRF1. IF and ELISA verification results showed that compared with the sham group， SOCS3 expression in microglia was decreased in the model group， and the expressions of IL-6， IL-1β， JAK2 and IRF1 were increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， AGNH could increase the expression of SOCS3， decrease the expression of IL-6， IL-1β， JAK2， IRF1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionAGNH can reduce the degree of brain edema and brain injury， decrease the expression of inflammatory factors， and inhibit the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream Caspase-1 in TBI rats， which may act on the targets of IL-6， IL-1β， JAK2， IRF1 and SOCS3 in microglia.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， as an invaluable scientific legacy and cultural patrimony of China， encapsulates the cumulative wisdom of millennia from the Chinese civilization. The deeply rooted medical theories and extensive empirical practices of TCM hold an indispensible central role within China's healthcare framework. Facing the challenges of modern medicine and health needs， it is particularly urgent to explore the mechanisms of Chinese medicines. Post-translational modification （PTM）， as a core mechanism to regulate the complex and diverse protein functions， is a bridge between environmental stimuli and physiological responses. Different PTMs can interact with each other to form a complex regulatory network， which is in line with the multi-component and multi-target action of Chinese medicines. In recent years， protein modification omics has emerged as a powerful means to probe into PTMs， and studies have employed protein modification omics to investigate the mechanisms of Chinese medicines. However， the research in this field is still in the initial stage. This article summarizes the basic theory of PTM and the basic research process of protein modification omics， reviews the application status of protein modification omics in the research on the mechanisms of Chinese medicines， and analyzes the existing research limitations. This study aims to explore an innovative research paradigm for analyzing the mechanisms of Chinese medicines from the perspective of PTM and provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for understanding the mechanisms of Chinese medicines in the future.