ObjectiveTo elucidate the potential mechanism of modified Sinisan （MSNS） in alleviating anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic restraint stress （CRS） in mice at the metabolic level based on serum untargeted metabolomics and identify key metabolites and metabolic pathways regulated by MSNS. MethodsSeventy-two male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into six groups： control， model， high-dose （2.4 g·kg^-1） MSNS， medium-dose （1.2 g·kg^-1） MSNS， low-dose （0.6 g·kg^-1） MSNS， and positive control （fluoxetine， 2.6 mg·kg^-1）. Except the control group， the other groups were subjected to CRS for the modeling of anxiety. Mice were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage 2 h before daily restraint for 14 days. Anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated by the open field test （OFT）， elevated plus maze （EPM） test， and light/dark box （LDB） test. Serum levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone （CRH）， adrenocorticotrophic hormone （ACTH）， and corticosterone （CORT） were measured via ELISA to assess stress levels. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was employed to detect 9 metabolites in the brain tissue and serum metabolites. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） was adopted to identify differential metabolites （VIP>1.0， P<0.05）. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the differential metabolites. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed reductions in the central activity time and central distance in the OFT （P<0.05）， the proportions of open-arm residence time and open-arm residence times in the EPM test （P<0.01）， and the proportions of open box activity time and open box activity distance in the LDB test （P<0.05）， which were increased in the medium- and high-dose MSNS groups compared with the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， the model group showed elevated levels of CRH， ACTH， and CORT in the serum （P<0.01）， and the elevations were diminished in the medium- and high-dose MSNS groups （P<0.05）. UPLC-MS results indicated that compared with the control group， the model group presented declined DA， GABA， 5-HIAA， 5-HT， and 5-HT/Trp levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） and raised Glu， NE， Kyn， and Kyn/Trp levels （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， high-dose MSNS increased the GABA， 5-HIAA， and 5-HT/Trp levels （P<0.05） and lowered the Glu and Kyn/Trp levels （P<0.05）. Untargeted metabolomics identified that 16 CRS-induced metabolic disturbances were reversed by MSNS. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that MSNS primarily modulated eight core pathways including alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism， butyrate metabolism， arginine-proline metabolism， TCA cycle， unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis， and tryptophan metabolism. The mechanisms involved multidimensional biological processes， including neurotransmitter homeostasis regulation， TCA cycle energy metabolism optimization， and inflammatory response suppression. ConclusionMSNS alleviates CRS-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice by mitigating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity， improving hippocampal neurotransmitter and tryptophan metabolic pathways， and regulating alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism， butyrate metabolism， arginine-proline metabolism， and TCA cycle.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the potential mechanism of modified Sinisan （MSNS） in alleviating anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic restraint stress （CRS） in mice at the metabolic level based on serum untargeted metabolomics and identify key metabolites and metabolic pathways regulated by MSNS. MethodsSeventy-two male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into six groups： control， model， high-dose （2.4 g·kg^-1） MSNS， medium-dose （1.2 g·kg^-1） MSNS， low-dose （0.6 g·kg^-1） MSNS， and positive control （fluoxetine， 2.6 mg·kg^-1）. Except the control group， the other groups were subjected to CRS for the modeling of anxiety. Mice were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage 2 h before daily restraint for 14 days. Anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated by the open field test （OFT）， elevated plus maze （EPM） test， and light/dark box （LDB） test. Serum levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone （CRH）， adrenocorticotrophic hormone （ACTH）， and corticosterone （CORT） were measured via ELISA to assess stress levels. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was employed to detect 9 metabolites in the brain tissue and serum metabolites. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） was adopted to identify differential metabolites （VIP>1.0， P<0.05）. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the differential metabolites. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed reductions in the central activity time and central distance in the OFT （P<0.05）， the proportions of open-arm residence time and open-arm residence times in the EPM test （P<0.01）， and the proportions of open box activity time and open box activity distance in the LDB test （P<0.05）， which were increased in the medium- and high-dose MSNS groups compared with the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， the model group showed elevated levels of CRH， ACTH， and CORT in the serum （P<0.01）， and the elevations were diminished in the medium- and high-dose MSNS groups （P<0.05）. UPLC-MS results indicated that compared with the control group， the model group presented declined DA， GABA， 5-HIAA， 5-HT， and 5-HT/Trp levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） and raised Glu， NE， Kyn， and Kyn/Trp levels （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， high-dose MSNS increased the GABA， 5-HIAA， and 5-HT/Trp levels （P<0.05） and lowered the Glu and Kyn/Trp levels （P<0.05）. Untargeted metabolomics identified that 16 CRS-induced metabolic disturbances were reversed by MSNS. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that MSNS primarily modulated eight core pathways including alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism， butyrate metabolism， arginine-proline metabolism， TCA cycle， unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis， and tryptophan metabolism. The mechanisms involved multidimensional biological processes， including neurotransmitter homeostasis regulation， TCA cycle energy metabolism optimization， and inflammatory response suppression. ConclusionMSNS alleviates CRS-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice by mitigating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity， improving hippocampal neurotransmitter and tryptophan metabolic pathways， and regulating alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism， butyrate metabolism， arginine-proline metabolism， and TCA cycle.

Objective:To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of falls among the elderly community population in Beijing.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified multistage random sampling to select urban and rural residents aged 65 years and older in Beijing. Mortality data was collected after the baseline survey for 5 years. The incidence of falls was weighted based on the composition ratios of age and gender from the 2010 Nation-wide Population Census of Beijing. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the impacts of demographic sociology of common chronic diseases on fall occurrence. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the fall and 5-year survival association.Results:A total of 2 968 participants completed the questionnaire, at cross-sectional survey, with an average age of (73.2±6.0) years, and 1 581 (53.8%) participants were female. Three hundred and sixty-one individuals experienced a fall within the past year. Among those who fell, 64 (17.7%) fell twice, and 95 (26.6%) fell three or more times. Of them, 14.4% (52) had post-fall fractures, with the wrist, knee, and hip being the most common fracture sites, accounting for 25.0%, 17.3%, and 15.4%, respectively. The weighted fall incidence was 12.4% (95% CI: 11.2%-13.5%). Aging, being female, and living in rural areas were more likely to fall. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, and urban-rural status, the risk of falls for those living alone ( OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.08-2.04) or living with children/grandchildren ( OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.15-1.97) were significantly higher than those living with their spouse. In addition, the risk of falls was elevated significantly among the elderly with hypertension, diabetes, stroke, dementia, depression status, urinary incontinence, arthritis, insomnia, vision, and hearing loss, dependence on activities of daily living (ADL), general and poor self-rated health (SRH). The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the 5-year risk of death increased by 65% ( HR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.29-2.11) for those who experienced a fall, which increased with fall frequency. This elevated risk persisted after adjusting for chronic conditions, ADL, and SRH. Conclusions:Ageing, female, living in rural regions, having common chronic diseases, dependence on ADL, general and poor SRH, living alone or living with children/grandchildren were associated with the elevated fall risk. The occurrence of fall was seasonal. The most common short-term adverse consequence after a fall was fractures, while the long-term effect was an increased risk of death.

Objective To investigate the effects of glycerol ingestion on pure tone audiometry(PTA),distor-tion products otoacoustic emission(DPOAE),and electrocochleography(ECochG)in patients with Ménière disease(MD).Methods Glycerol test was conducted in 50 patients with MD.PTA was performed in four series:before glycerol intake,1,2 and 3 hours after intake.DPOAE and ECochG were performed before glycerol intake and 2 hours after intake.All results were analyzed to assess the effect of glycerol on cochlear function of patients with MD.Results ① 55％of MD patients tested positive in PTA glycerol test,and the positive rate increased gradually after 1-3 hours of glycerin ingestion(P＜0.05).For the 33 positive ears,the pure tone threshold decreased the most between 1-2 hours and reached the lowest thresholds at 3 hours.Thresholds at 0.5 kHz,1 kHz,2 kHz dropped the most.② The positive rate of DPOAE glycerol test was 56.67％,with 34 positive ears showing a sig-nificant increase in amplitude between 0.75-2 kHz of f2.③ The positive rate of ECochG glycerin test was 13.64％.The decrease of-SP/AP ratio was not statistically significant before and after ingestion of glycerin(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ingestion of glycerin could alter to varying degrees of the results of PTA,DPOAE and ECo-chG,and influence the cochlear function to some extent.

As a commonly used material for removable partial dentures,cobalt-chromium alloy frameworks offer excellent corrosion resistance,processability and stability.However,they also have drawbacks,including a high modulus of elasticity and poor aesthetics.Titanium,known for its lighter weight and superior corrosion resistance,also has disadvantages such as insufficient ductility and higher cost.Thus,exploring materials with improved performance for removable partial dentures has been a hot topic in the field of oral resto-ration.In recent years,poly-ether-ether-ketone(PEEK)has attracted attention for its outstanding mechanical properties,wear resist-ance,and biocompatibility,and has been gradually applied in the oral medicine fields of bone defect repair,implantation,restoration,and orthodontics.This paper provides an overview of the application and research progress of PEEK in the repair of removable partial dentures,and offers a perspective on its future application prospects and development directions in this area.

The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Objective:To construct a VP8-mRNA vaccine using human rotavirus spike protein VP8 domain as the immunogen and analyze its immunogenicity in mice.Methods:The VP8-mRNA sequence was designed, optimized, and synthesized. The VP8 gene of rotavirus G1P[8] type was used to construct the plasmid pUC57-VP8-Kan-SapⅠ, which was then sequenced. The plasmid confirmed by sequencing was subjected to large-scale amplification and extraction, followed by linearization, in vitro transcription, and capping. The purified capped products were encapsulated with lipid nanoparticles using a microfluidic control apparatus. The encapsulated VP8-mRNA vaccine was administered intramuscularly to mice at 10, 15, and 20 μg. Serum samples were collected for antibody detection by ELISA. Cellular immune responses were detected by flow cytometry and ELISPOT. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way or two-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer test. Results:The encapsulated VP8-mRNA vaccine was rounded and spherical, with a particle size of about 100 nm, a polymer dispersion index of 0.088, and an encapsulation rate of 92.3%. Two doses of VP8-mRNA vaccine immunization could induce a good immune response in mice. The level of IgG antibody induced after immunization in the 15 μg group was comparable to that of the 20 μg group, and there was no statistical difference ( P>0.05), but the antibody levels in the two groups were significantly higher than that in the 10 μg group ( P<0.000 1). VP8-mRNA vaccine could induce neutralizing antibodies against rotavirus G1 and G9 types. The highest level of neutralizing antibodies against rotavirus type G1 was observed in the 15 μg group, which was significantly higher than that in the 10 μg group ( P<0.05). All immunization groups exhibited good neutralizing ability against rotavirus G9 type. The results of ELISPOT showed that lymphocytes from mice in each vaccine group were able to secrete IFN-γ when stimulated with VP8 peptide. Flow cytometry showed that the proportions of CD8 + T cell subsets in the vaccine groups were higher than that in the control group. Conclusion:The VP8-mRNA vaccine has good immunogenicity in mice and can induce good humoral and T-cell immune responses.

Epigastric pain, the most common symptom of chronic pancreatitis (CP), seriously affects the quality of life and causes huge social and economic burden. The pathogenesis of pain involves pancreatic duct hypertension, neurogenic mechanisms, and the effects of inflammatory mediators. As a minimally invasive treatment, endoscopic therapy has emerged as a pivotal option for pain treatment in CP, primarily encompassing pancreatic duct decompression techniques and nerve interventions under endoscopy. Endoscopic pancreatic duct decompression, based on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), can effectively reduce pancreatic duct pressure and relieve pain through pancreatic duct stone removal and main pancreatic duct stent implantation. Endoscopic nerve intervention techniques mainly include celiac plexus block/neurolysis and radiofrequency ablation under the guidance of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), which can relieve pain by inhibiting nociceptive transmission or destroying nerve fibers. This article reviewed the mechanism of CP abdominal pain and the progress of endoscopic treatment.

Head and neck tumors are one of the major diseases that threaten human health. Targeted chemotherapy is an important treatment for head and neck tumors. However, many anti-cancer drugs are difficult to reach effective concentrations in tumors and can cause damage to normal tissues. Therefore, the efficient delivery of anti-tumor drugs, improvement of their therapeutic effects, and reduction of their adverse effects on the whole body and locally are urgent issues in targeted drug research. Liposomes have been widely studied due to their unique characteristics, including amphiphilicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. This article outlines the current applications and prospects of liposome drug delivery systems in different treatment modalities for head and neck tumors in recent years, aiming to provide more options for the treatment of head and neck tumors.
Humans ; Liposomes ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage*