Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of moxibustion on the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2) mRNA in median raphe nuclei and the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in serum and cortex in depression model rats and to explore its mechanism.MethodsFemale SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=6),model group(n=7) and moxibustion group(n=7).The rat depression model was induced by giving isolation-housing in combination with chronic unexpected mild stress(CUMS) for 21 days.The hemi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to detect the relative expression of TPH2 mRNA,colorimetry was used to test the activity of MAO.ResultsThe expression of TPH2 mRNA in median raphe nuclei in rats of the moxibustion group was higher than that in the model group( relative dentisty value:(0.3759 ± 0.0272)vs(0.2573 ± 0.0581 ),P ＜ 0.05 ).The activity of MAO in serum and cortex was reduced in rats of the moxibustion group( ( 1.919 ± 1.243 ) U/ml,( 1292.048 ± 90.072 ) U/mg protein,respectively) compared with that in the model group ( (4.117 ± 2.727 ) U/ml,( 1441.345 ± 117.050 ) U/mg protein,respectively).ConclusionMoxibustion has the effects of improving depression,increasing the expression of TPH2 mRNA in median raphe nuclei and reducing the activity of MAO in serum and cortex might be one of its mechanisms.