Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUC-MSC） as a cell-based therapeutic strategy have demonstrated significant application potential in the field of intervention for neurodegenerative disease （NDD） due to their advantages such as self-renewal， multi-directional differentiation， and low immunogenicity. hUC-MSC effectively intervenes in the pathological features and neurological functions of various disease models such as Alzheimer disease， Parkinson’s disease， amyotrophic lateral sclerosis， and multiple sclerosis primarily through multiple mechanisms such as homing and differentiation， mediating paracrine actions and releasing exosomes， as well as immune regulation and anti-inflammation. Some clinical studies have also preliminarily verified their safety and effectiveness. Currently， its research still faces challenges such as immune rejection reactions requiring further observation， long-term safety needing evaluation， mechanisms of action not being fully elucidated， and slow progress in clinical trials. Future research needs to establish pharmaceutical standards for hUC-MSC， deepen their pharmacological mechanisms and clinical trials， ultimately providing new and effective drug treatment options for patients with NDD.

As the core vehicle for preserving and transmitting traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） academic thought and clinical experience， the establishment of a robust quality evaluation system for TCM clinical case reports is a crucial component in the current standardization and modernization of TCM. Based on the practical experience of constructing the China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of critical challenges， including insufficient authenticity and unfocused evaluation criteria. It proposed a three-dimensional evaluation framework grounded in the structure-process-outcome logic， encompassing three dimensions of authenticity and standardization， characteristics and advantages， application and translational impact. This framework integrated 12 key evaluation indicators in a systematic manner. The model preserved the academic characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， while aligning with modern scientific research standards， achieving a balance between individualized TCM experience and standardized evaluation. Concurrently， this study provided theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for evaluating the quality of TCM clinical cases， contributing significantly to the inheritance of TCM knowledge， evidence-based practice， and the reform of talent evaluation mechanisms.

Malignant hyperthermia(MH)is a rare perioperative disease with autosomal dominant inheritance,and its pathogenesis involves specific gene mutations.Its clinical feature is that conventional anesthetics can trigger abnormally high metabolic reactions in skeletal muscles.Although the incidence of this disease is low,the condition is dangerous,progresses rapidly,and has a high mortality rate;Its treatment relies on early diagnosis,timely application of the specific drug Dantrolene Sodium,and rapid and orderly comprehensive symptomatic supportive treatment.MH is a critical perioperative emergency that can occur during surgery.It presents with symptoms such as hyperpyrexia,metabolic acidosis,rhabdomyolysis,and dysfunction of multiple organ systems.If not treated promptly,it can quickly lead to life-threatening arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.This condition serves as an essential teaching example in anesthesia crisis resource management.As an effective teaching method,scenario simulation exercises can comprehensively enhance medical staff's personal technical,non-technical,and teamwork abilities through simulating emergency scenarios,teaching assessments,and retrospective discussions,especially suitable for comprehensive management training of fatal diseases.Many countries internationally have incorporated simulation exercises for MH into their routine teaching and training systems.The effectiveness of teaching and training for anesthesiologists in MH and their ability to handle anesthesia crisis events have been continuously improved through a periodic training model.This article systematically reviews the research progress and practical experience of scenario simulation exercises in emergency training for MH,with a focus on exploring how to establish a scenario simulation exercise plan for emergency application and comprehensive symptomatic support treatment of Dantrolene Sodium based on the actual situation in China,providing reference for improving the teaching and training quality of MH and other clinical crisis events.

Cognitive impairment is a major public health challenge facing global aging societies， and currently lacks effective treatment measures. Herb pair， characterized by their rigorous compatibility and synergistic effects， demonstrate unique advantages in clinical practice. Acorus tatarinowii-Polygala tenuifolia is a classic herbal pair for treating cognitive impairment， widely utilized in various traditional Chinese medicine formulations， such as Kaixin san， Shenghui tang， and Yuanzhi san. This article summarizes the pharmacological mechanisms of A. tatarinowii， P. tenuifolia and their compatible compound prescriptions in ameliorating cognitive impairment. It is found that they can exert effects in ameliorating cognitive impairment through mechanisms such as reducing amyloid β-protein deposition and inhibiting excessive phosphorylation of Tau protein， suppressing inflammatory responses， alleviating oxidative stress， protecting neurons and regulating neurotransmitters， modulating the structure and function of the blood- brain barrier， and regulating autophagy. Subsequently， in-depth analysis can be conducted on the active ingredients of A. tatarinowii- P. tenuifolia herb pair that ameliorate cognitive impairment， along with the addition of relevant clinical trials for verification. This will provide theoretical foundations and research approaches for the treatment of cognitive impairment using traditional Chinese medicine.

This study aims to understand the biological characteristics of Streptococcus dysgalacti-ae of yak origin.Bacterial isolation and identification,drug susceptibility test,virulence gene test and pathogenicity test were carried out on milk samples of yaks from Naqu City to evaluate the bi-ological characteristics of the isolated strains.Meanwhile,molecular biological information such as virulence factors and drug resistance genes were analyzed by whole genome sequencing,and viru-lence genes were verified by PCR.The results showed that a strain of Streptococcus dysgalactiae was isolated from the milk of yak,and its colony morphology was pinpoint size,smooth edge and milky white.This strain is sensitive to many antibiotics(penicillin G,cephalosporin,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline,erythromycin,etc.).Virulence gene test results showed that the strain carries six key virulence genes(cyl,eno,scpB,bca,bac and napr),which may be closely related to its pathoge-nicity.In the pathogenicity test,the mice were listless and less active after infection,but no death occurred during the observation period.The pathological changes of spleen,kidney,liver and lung tissue were found,suggesting that the strain had certain pathogenic potential but not high lethali-ty.Whole genome sequencing data showed that the gene length of this strain was 4 079 280 bp,the GC content was 39.41％,3 964 coding genes were predicted,604 of which were annotated as viru-lence factors,and another 28 gene mutations may enhance its pathogenic ability.Through annota-tion of CARD database,two Pat A resistance genes and two lmrp resistance genes were found,re-vealing their potential resistance mechanism.Through whole genome sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis method,this study revealed the genomic characteristics,drug resistance and pathogenicity mechanism of Streptococcus dysgalactiae of yak origin.The findings provide impor-tant scientific evidence for further exploration of the pathogenicity,drug resistance mechanisms,and molecular evolution of yak-derived Streptococcus agalactiae.

Cognitive impairment(CI)is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in advanced cognitive functions such as memory,thinking,and judgment.Its etiology and pathogenesis are complex,and there is currently a lack of specific drug interventions.Metformin,as a first-line hypoglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes,not only lowers blood glucose levels but also improves CI.This article reviews and summarizes the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of metformin in improving Alzheimer's disease,diabetes cognitive impairment,cognitive impairment after chemotherapy,in order to provide novel insights and approaches for the treatment of CI-related diseases.Studies have shown that the mechanism by which MET intervenes in CI mainly includes regulating β-amyloid protein and tau protein metabolism,reducing insulin resistance,inhibiting neuroinflammation,improving synaptic plasticity,improving mitochondrial dysfunction,regulating gut microbiota and lipid metabolism,etc.Future research needs to be conducted through interdisciplinary collaboration,fully integrating multiple omics data,and combining advanced technologies to further reveal their mechanisms of effect.

This study aims to understand the biological characteristics of Streptococcus dysgalacti-ae of yak origin.Bacterial isolation and identification,drug susceptibility test,virulence gene test and pathogenicity test were carried out on milk samples of yaks from Naqu City to evaluate the bi-ological characteristics of the isolated strains.Meanwhile,molecular biological information such as virulence factors and drug resistance genes were analyzed by whole genome sequencing,and viru-lence genes were verified by PCR.The results showed that a strain of Streptococcus dysgalactiae was isolated from the milk of yak,and its colony morphology was pinpoint size,smooth edge and milky white.This strain is sensitive to many antibiotics(penicillin G,cephalosporin,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline,erythromycin,etc.).Virulence gene test results showed that the strain carries six key virulence genes(cyl,eno,scpB,bca,bac and napr),which may be closely related to its pathoge-nicity.In the pathogenicity test,the mice were listless and less active after infection,but no death occurred during the observation period.The pathological changes of spleen,kidney,liver and lung tissue were found,suggesting that the strain had certain pathogenic potential but not high lethali-ty.Whole genome sequencing data showed that the gene length of this strain was 4 079 280 bp,the GC content was 39.41％,3 964 coding genes were predicted,604 of which were annotated as viru-lence factors,and another 28 gene mutations may enhance its pathogenic ability.Through annota-tion of CARD database,two Pat A resistance genes and two lmrp resistance genes were found,re-vealing their potential resistance mechanism.Through whole genome sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis method,this study revealed the genomic characteristics,drug resistance and pathogenicity mechanism of Streptococcus dysgalactiae of yak origin.The findings provide impor-tant scientific evidence for further exploration of the pathogenicity,drug resistance mechanisms,and molecular evolution of yak-derived Streptococcus agalactiae.

Malignant hyperthermia(MH)is a rare perioperative disease with autosomal dominant inheritance,and its pathogenesis involves specific gene mutations.Its clinical feature is that conventional anesthetics can trigger abnormally high metabolic reactions in skeletal muscles.Although the incidence of this disease is low,the condition is dangerous,progresses rapidly,and has a high mortality rate;Its treatment relies on early diagnosis,timely application of the specific drug Dantrolene Sodium,and rapid and orderly comprehensive symptomatic supportive treatment.MH is a critical perioperative emergency that can occur during surgery.It presents with symptoms such as hyperpyrexia,metabolic acidosis,rhabdomyolysis,and dysfunction of multiple organ systems.If not treated promptly,it can quickly lead to life-threatening arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.This condition serves as an essential teaching example in anesthesia crisis resource management.As an effective teaching method,scenario simulation exercises can comprehensively enhance medical staff's personal technical,non-technical,and teamwork abilities through simulating emergency scenarios,teaching assessments,and retrospective discussions,especially suitable for comprehensive management training of fatal diseases.Many countries internationally have incorporated simulation exercises for MH into their routine teaching and training systems.The effectiveness of teaching and training for anesthesiologists in MH and their ability to handle anesthesia crisis events have been continuously improved through a periodic training model.This article systematically reviews the research progress and practical experience of scenario simulation exercises in emergency training for MH,with a focus on exploring how to establish a scenario simulation exercise plan for emergency application and comprehensive symptomatic support treatment of Dantrolene Sodium based on the actual situation in China,providing reference for improving the teaching and training quality of MH and other clinical crisis events.

In the era of evidence-based medicine, it is necessary to explore the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on standardized technical methods and operating procedures in order to achieve the modernization and internationalization of TCM and benefit all humanity. The proposal of a three-pronged evidence system combining TCM theory, human experience and experimental evidence marks an important progress in the thinking method of the TCM evaluation system. The multi-evidence body integrated through appropriate methods provides a strong support for the clinical guideline recommendations and evidence-based health decision-making in TCM. Based on the current methodological progress of international evidence synthesis and grading, this paper proposes a novel approach for integrating multi-evidence in TCM: the MERGE framework. The aim is to establish a solid foundation for the development of this methodology and provide guidance for the advancement of evidence-based medicine framework in TCM.

Objective To construct a precise model for identifying traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutions,thereby offering optimized guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment plan-ning,and ultimately enhancing medical efficiency and treatment outcomes. Methods First,TCM full-body inspection data acquisition equipment was employed to col-lect full-body standing images of healthy people,from which the constitutions were labelled and defined in accordance with the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ),and a dataset encompassing labelled constitutions was constructed.Second,heat-suppres-sion valve(HSV)color space and improved local binary patterns(LBP)algorithm were lever-aged for the extraction of features such as facial complexion and body shape.In addition,a dual-branch deep network was employed to collect deep features from the full-body standing images.Last,the random forest(RF)algorithm was utilized to learn the extracted multifea-tures,which were subsequently employed to establish a TCM constitution identification mod-el.Accuracy,precision,and F1 score were the three measures selected to assess the perfor-mance of the model. Results It was found that the accuracy,precision,and F1 score of the proposed model based on multifeatures for identifying TCM constitutions were 0.842,0.868,and 0.790,respectively.In comparison with the identification models that encompass a single feature,either a single facial complexion feature,a body shape feature,or deep features,the accuracy of the model that incorporating all the aforementioned features was elevated by 0.105,0.105,and 0.079,the precision increased by 0.164,0.164,and 0.211,and the F1 score rose by 0.071,0.071,and 0.084,respectively. Conclusion The research findings affirmed the viability of the proposed model,which incor-porated multifeatures,including the facial complexion feature,the body shape feature,and the deep feature.In addition,by employing the proposed model,the objectification and intel-ligence of identifying constitutions in TCM practices could be optimized.