Objective:To explore the latent-classes of HIV high risk behaviors among college students, and the association between experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV high risk behaviors, to provide evidence for reducing the HIV high risk behaviors among them.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2019 among university students from six higher education institutions in Zhuhai City, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, with an estimated sample size of 1 318. The study included participants who self-reported being in a romantic relationship and having sexual experience within the past year. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, IPV experiences, and HIV high risk behaviors were collected. Latent-class analysis was performed on HIV high risk behaviors, and chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the associations between IPV experiences and different latent classes of HIV high risk behaviors.Results:The effective response rate for the survey was 95.4% (12 235/12 821). 1 382 college students from Zhuhai were included as participants in the study, with 19.4% (268/1 382) self-reporting having experienced IPV. Latent-class analysis of HIV high risk behaviors classified the participants into three latent groups: low-risk group (78.1%, 1 079/1 382), multiple sexual partners/alcohol use before sex group (15.8%, 219/1 382), and high-risk group (6.1%, 84/1 382). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that students who had experienced psychological violence were more likely to be in the group that had multiple sexual partners/alcohol use before sex (a OR=2.51, 95% CI:1.48-4.27). Those who had experienced IPV (a OR=5.74, 95% CI:3.45-9.55), physical violence (a OR=9.26, 95% CI: 5.24-16.35), sexual violence (a OR=8.46, 95% CI:4.93-14.52), or psychological violence (a OR=15.99, 95% CI:8.64-29.57) were more likely to be in the high-risk group. Students who experienced two (a OR=9.37, 95% CI:3.55-24.71) or three types of IPV (a OR=50.09, 95% CI: 21.06-119.14) were more likely to be in the high-risk group compared to those with no IPV experiences. Conclusions:HIV high risk behaviors among college students in Zhuhai exhibited heterogeneity across different latent groups, and these groups have different associations with IPV experiences. Universities should tailor targeted HIV/AIDS education and prevention strategies based on the characteristics of each latent group to reduce HIV high risk behaviors among college students.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics of 22 common respiratory patho-gens in patients with pneumonia in Yinzhou,Ningbo,from January 1,2015 to December 21,2024.Methods:The test data of 22 common respiratory pathogens in patients diagnosed with pneumonia or lung infection in the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform from January 1,2015 to December 21,2024 were collected.The positive cases,positive rates,and positive proportions were calculated.The epidemiological characteristics were described by the year,sex,age group,season,and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic period.Results:A total of 77 531 pneumonia patients were included,with 492 696 respiratory pathogen tests performed.The number of respiratory pathogen tests and positive cases of pneumonia patients in Yinzhou showed an upward trend.In the study,34.63％of the pneumo-nia patients tested positive for at least one pathogen,and the pathogen non-detection rate decreased from 79.44％in 2015 to 58.38％in 2024.The overall pathogen positive rate was 9.12％,which decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic and had not returned to the historical level after the COVID-19 pande-mic.The positive rate was highest in children aged 6-17 years(13.99％),and lowest in the elderly over 60 years(4.16％).The top 3 highest number of positive cases was Mycoplasma pneumoniae,influenza A virus,and influenza B virus;the top 3 highest positive rates of pathogen tests were Mycoplasma pneu-moniae(25.26％),rhinovirus(12.02％),and Bordetella pertussis(11.66％).The pathogen spectrum proportion in men was similar to that in women,only showing a higher ratio of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a slightly lower ratio of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(P＜0.001).Mycoplasma pneumoniae,respiratory syncytial virus,and rhinovirus infections were more common in children,while influenza virus,Mycobac-terium tuberculosis,and Streptococcus pyogenes infections were more common in adults and the elderly(P＜0.001).Influenza virus and human metapneumovirus infections were more common in winter,rhi-novirus and Bordetella pertussis infections were more common in spring,and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in-fections were relatively more common in fall(P＜0.001).After the COVID-19 pandemic,the propor-tions of rhinovirus,respiratory syncytial virus,and human metapneumovirus infections in the pneumonia patients increased signi-ficantly,reaching 7.53％,4.26％,and 2.25％,respectively,while the propor-tions of influenza B virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections decreased to 4.14％and 2.80％,re-spectively(P＜0.001).Conclusion:In the past decade,the scale of respiratory pathogen infection in the pneumonia population in Yinzhou had expanded significantly,and there were differences in distribu-tion by the year,gender,age group,and season.The respiratory pathogen spectrum in pneumonia pa-tients after the COVID-19 pandemic had a trend of diversification.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control among outpatients in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, and its influencing factors, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening health education on hepatitis C prevention and control. Methods: Based on sentinel surveillance of hepatitis C, the outpatients aged 15 to 65 years at seven hospitals in Yinzhou District, Cixi City and Xiangshan County of Ningbo City were selected using the convenient sampling method from April to June during 2020 and 2022. Demographic information, knowledge and behaviors related to hepatitis C prevention and control were collected through questionnaire surveys. The influencing factors for knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 792 participants were surveyed, including 1 157 males (41.44%) and 1 635 females (58.56%). The awareness rate of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control was 56.23%, and was lower in knowledge about hepatitis C vaccine and treatment. The awareness rates of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control among outpatients from 2020 to 2022 were 47.11%, 53.22% and 70.65%, respectively, showing an upward trend (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 25 to <50 years (OR=1.358, 95%CI: 1.073-1.719), with an educational level of high school or junior college (OR=1.431, 95%CI: 1.134-1.806) or above junior college (OR=3.728, 95%CI: 2.958-4.699), with household monthly income per capita of 3 000 to <5 000 yuan (OR=1.828, 95%CI: 1.344-2.486) or ≥5 000 yuan (OR=1.858, 95%CI: 1.366-2.526), without a history of invasive treatments such as pedicure in public places (OR=1.287, 95%CI: 1.024-1.618), without a history of contact with family members' blood-contaminated items (OR=2.050, 95%CI: 1.552-2.707), and always using condoms during sexual contacts (OR=1.740, 95%CI: 1.273-2.378) had higher awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control. Conclusions The awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C vaccine and treatment among outpatients in Ningbo City needs to be improved. Age, educational level, household monthly income per capita, history of invasive treatments such as pedicure in public places, history of contact with family members' blood-contaminated items and frequency of condom use during sexual contacts are associated with outpatients' awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control.

Objective:To investigate the long-term efficacy and influencing factors of transcatheter adrenal ablation in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA).Methods:This cohort study retrospectively enrolled PA patients who underwent transcatheter adrenal ablation at Daping Hospital, Army Medical University between January 2021 and December 2024. According to PASO criteria, patients were categorized into groups based on clinical outcomes (complete, partial, or no remission), biochemical outcomes (complete, partial, or no remission), and composite outcomes (complete or incomplete remission). All participants underwent 1-year follow-up, with intergroup comparisons of clinical characteristics and surgical approaches. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing long-term efficacy post-transcatheter adrenal ablation in PA patients.Results:A total of 122 PA patients were enrolled, aged (47.7±11.1) years, including 55 males (45.1%). Baseline aldosterone-to-renin ratio was 0.43(0.19,0.86)(pmol·L -1)/(μU·L -1). Bilateral adrenal lesions were present in 33 cases (27.1%), while 70 (57.4%) had nodules or adenomas. Adrenal venous sampling confirmed lateralized hypersecretion in 107 patients (87.7%, left or right dominance). According to PASO criteria, 93.4% (114/122) and 95.1% (116/122) of patients achieved complete or partial remission in biochemical and clinical parameters at 1-year post-ablation, respectively. For biochemical outcomes: 40 complete, 74 partial, and 8 no remission. Patients in the partial-remission group were older than those in the no-remission group ((49.4±11.2) vs. (39.6±9.8) years), while complete-remission group had higher bilateral non-lateralized secretion rates than partial remission group (27.5% vs. 4.1%, both P<0.05). For clinical outcomes: 26 complete, 90 partial, 6 no remission. Compared to complete-remission group, partial-remission group had higher male proportion (51.1% vs. 26.9%), longer hypertension duration (4.0 (0.7, 10.0) years vs. 1.5 (0.1, 5.0) years), but lower office diastolic blood pressure ((88±11) mmHg vs. (94±12 mmHg), 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, all P<0.05). For composite outcomes: 56 complete and 66 incomplete remission. Compared with incomplete remission group, complete remission group had lower prevalence of diabetes (8.9% vs. 22.7%) and higher proportion of bilateral non-lateralized secretion (21.4% vs. 4.6%, both P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified diabetes ( OR=3.635, 95% CI 1.029-12.834, P=0.045) and lateralized secretion ( OR=9.056, 95% CI 2.039-40.212, P=0.004) as independent risk factors for poor composite outcomes after transcatheter adrenal ablation in PA patients, whereas higher office diastolic blood pressure acts as a protective factor ( OR=0.957, 95% CI 0.925-0.992, P=0.015). Conclusion:One year after transcatheter adrenal ablation, the majority of patients achieved complete or partial remission in biochemical and clinical parameters.Patients with non-lateralized adrenal hypersecretion demonstrated a higher likelihood of sustained biochemical remission and superior composite outcomes compared to those with lateralized hypersecretion.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of haploidentical high-dose in vitro non-T-cell-depleted peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HDPSCT) in treating adult patients with Ph + acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) . Method:This retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical efficacy of 25 adult patients with Ph + ALL who underwent haplo-HDPSCT from July 2011 to June 2022 at our hospital. Results:This study included 25 patients with a median age of 27 (16-61) years, consisting of 12 males and 13 females. CR1 and ≥CR2 before transplantation were found in 23 and 2 cases, positive and negative minimal residual lesions were observed in 8 and 17 cases, and myeloablative conditioning and reduced-intensity conditioning were reported in 21 and 4 cases, respectively. Hematopoietic function was restored in all 25 patients after stem cell infusion. Of the 25 patients who underwent transplantation, 16 developed acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). The cumulative incidence rates of Ⅱ-Ⅳ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD were (40.4±11.3) % and (4.8±4.6) %, respectively. Four patients experienced relapse after transplantation, the cumulative relapse rates at 1 and 2 years after transplantation were (4.0±3.9) % and (14.5±7.9) %, respectively. The 2-year overall survival rate after transplantation was (81.3±8.5) % and the disease-free survival rate was (77.1±9.1) %.Conclusion:This study reveals that the unique haplo-HDPSCT protocol achieves good clinical efficacy in Ph + ALL treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of haploidentical high-dose in vitro non-T-cell-depleted peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HDPSCT) in treating adult patients with Ph + acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) . Method:This retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical efficacy of 25 adult patients with Ph + ALL who underwent haplo-HDPSCT from July 2011 to June 2022 at our hospital. Results:This study included 25 patients with a median age of 27 (16-61) years, consisting of 12 males and 13 females. CR1 and ≥CR2 before transplantation were found in 23 and 2 cases, positive and negative minimal residual lesions were observed in 8 and 17 cases, and myeloablative conditioning and reduced-intensity conditioning were reported in 21 and 4 cases, respectively. Hematopoietic function was restored in all 25 patients after stem cell infusion. Of the 25 patients who underwent transplantation, 16 developed acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). The cumulative incidence rates of Ⅱ-Ⅳ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD were (40.4±11.3) % and (4.8±4.6) %, respectively. Four patients experienced relapse after transplantation, the cumulative relapse rates at 1 and 2 years after transplantation were (4.0±3.9) % and (14.5±7.9) %, respectively. The 2-year overall survival rate after transplantation was (81.3±8.5) % and the disease-free survival rate was (77.1±9.1) %.Conclusion:This study reveals that the unique haplo-HDPSCT protocol achieves good clinical efficacy in Ph + ALL treatment.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations in patients with temporomandibular disorder syndrome (TMD), who are sensitive to sudden temperature drop. METHODS: One hundred and nineteen patients with TMD who attended the Department of Stomatology of the First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from December 2022 to December 2023 were included, including 44 males and 75 females, with a mean age of 32.4±13.7 years.The questionnaire was used to determine whether they were sensitive to temperature drop, and the TMD patients were divided into a temperature plunge-sensitive group and a temperature drop insensitive group. The clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations of patients in the two groups were observed. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the gender and age of patients in the temperature plunge-sensitive group (50 patients) and the insensitivity group (69 patients) (P>0.05). The percentage of patients with pain was slightly higher in the temperature plunge-sensitive group [86.0% (43/50)] than in the insensitive group [68.1% (47/69)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=5.031, P=0.025), while the differences in joint murmur and mouth opening limitation between the two groups were not statistically significant. A total of 238 lateral joints were detected in both groups, the percentage of osteoarthropathic imaging changes was significantly higher in the temperature plunge-sensitive group [82.0% (82/100)] than in the insensitive group [53.6% (74/138)] (χ²=20.675, P<0.001). Magnetic imaging showed that the percentage of joint effusion was higher in patients in the temperature plunge-sensitive group [66.0% (33/50)] than in the insensitive group [42.0% (29/69)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=5.602, P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS TMD patients with maxillofacial pain symptoms, joint effusions, and abnormal imaging of osteoarticular structures are more likely to be sensitive to sudden temperature drops.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnosis* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Temperature ; Adolescent

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between clinical symptoms and unilateral chewing habits in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) accompanied by tinnitus. METHODS: A total of 285 patients diagnosed with TMD at the Department of Stomatology of the First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital between December 2020 and May 2024 were included and divided into two groups: tinnitus group and non-tinnitus group. Analysis was conducted on the proportion of patients with unilateral chewing habits in both groups, the correlation between the side of tinnitus and the side of unilateral chewing, and the correlation of tinnitus with TMD clinical symptoms (joint clicking, joint pain, and limited mouth opening) and unilateral chewing habits. The correlation of the type of disc displacement with unilateral chewing and tinnitus was also examined. RESULTS: In the tinnitus group, the proportions of patients with and without unilateral chewing habits were 90.70% (39/43) and 9.30% (4/43), respectively. In the non-tinnitus group, the proportions of patients with and without unilateral chewing habits were 76.03% (184/242) and 23.97% (58/242), respectively. The proportion of patients with unilateral chewing habits in the tinnitus group was significantly higher than in the non-tinnitus group (χ²=4.613, P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between tinnitus and unilateral chewing habits (P<0.05). In the left-sided tinnitus group, the proportion of left-sided unilateral chewers [54.55% (12/22)] was higher than that of right-sided unilateral chewers [45.45% (10/22)]. In the right-sided tinnitus group, the proportion of right-sided unilateral chewers [81.82% (9/11)] was higher than that of left-sided unilateral chewers [18.18% (2/11)]. The difference was statistically significant (χ²=7.282, P<0.05). A positive correlation was also found between the side of tinnitus and the side of unilateral chewing habits (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with pain was significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the non-tinnitus group (P<0.05). No significant difference in the proportion of joint clicking or limited mouth opening and disc displacement (no disc displacement, unilateral disc displacement, bilateral disc displacement, reducible disc displacement, or irreducible disc displacement) was found between the tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS TMD with unilateral chewing habits may be a contributing factor to unexplained tinnitus. Unexplained tinnitus is correlated with joint pain in patients with TMD.
Humans ; Tinnitus/physiopathology* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology* ; Mastication ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Habits