ObjectiveTo investigate the potential mechanism of heat-sensitive moxibustion on chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway. MethodsFifty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into blank group （n=14） and modeling group （n=44）. Rats in the blank group were fed routinely， while the rats in the modeling group received drinking water containing 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG） at a concentration of 140 μg/ml， combined with irregular fasting and feeding for 12 weeks to establish CAG model. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into model group （n=10）， inhibitor group （n=10） and moxibustion group （n=20）. After 40 minutes of suspended moxibustion at "Zhongwan" （CV 12） daily， the rats in the moxibustion group were divided into heat-sensitive moxibustion group （n=10） and non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group （n=9） according to the change of tail temperature during moxibustion. The inhibitor group was bound for 40 minutes daily， and then administered with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor， rapamycin solution， by gavage at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The model group received intragastric administration of 1 ml/kg normal saline after 40 minutes of restraint stress each day. All interventions were administered once daily for 28 consecutive days， while the blank group received no intervention. After the intervention finished， the body weight of rats in each group was compared. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa. The apoptosis-positive rate of gastric mucosal cells was detected by TUNEL assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the protein levels of matric metalloproteinase-7 （MMP7）， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA） and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） in gastric mucosa. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） in gastric mucosal tissues were detected by qPCR. The protein levels of phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt） and phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR） in rat gastric mucosal tissues were measured by Western Blotting. ResultsCompared to the blank group， rats in all other groups exhibited decreased body weight， significantly increased gastric mucosal cell apoptosis-positive rates， elevated protein levels of MMP7， VEGFA and EGFR in gastric mucosa， increased mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt and mTOR， and enhanced protein expression levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Histopathological examination revealed thinning of the gastric mucosa， glandular disorganization and atrophy， accompanied by intestinal metaplasia.Compared to the model group， the heat-sensitive moxibustion group， the non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the inhibitor group all showed significant improvements in the above-mentioned indicators （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the heat-sensitive moxibustion group， the non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the inhibitor group exhibited increased positive rates of gastric mucosal cell apoptosis； the non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group showed increased protein levels of MMP7， VEGFA and EGFR， as well as mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt and mTOR， and protein expressions of p-Akt and p-mTOR； the inhibitor group exhibited elevated protein expression level of EGFR （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Histopathological examination showed that the gastric mucosal glands in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group were arranged more regularly， with an approximately normal structural appearance. ConclusionHeat-sensitive moxibustion can improve the body weight of CAG rats and repair gastric mucosal injury. Its therapeutic effects may be mediated by inhibiting excessive activation of gastric mucosal PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， thereby reducing gastric mucosal cell apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential mechanism of heat-sensitive moxibustion on chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway. MethodsFifty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into blank group （n=14） and modeling group （n=44）. Rats in the blank group were fed routinely， while the rats in the modeling group received drinking water containing 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG） at a concentration of 140 μg/ml， combined with irregular fasting and feeding for 12 weeks to establish CAG model. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into model group （n=10）， inhibitor group （n=10） and moxibustion group （n=20）. After 40 minutes of suspended moxibustion at "Zhongwan" （CV 12） daily， the rats in the moxibustion group were divided into heat-sensitive moxibustion group （n=10） and non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group （n=9） according to the change of tail temperature during moxibustion. The inhibitor group was bound for 40 minutes daily， and then administered with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor， rapamycin solution， by gavage at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The model group received intragastric administration of 1 ml/kg normal saline after 40 minutes of restraint stress each day. All interventions were administered once daily for 28 consecutive days， while the blank group received no intervention. After the intervention finished， the body weight of rats in each group was compared. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa. The apoptosis-positive rate of gastric mucosal cells was detected by TUNEL assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the protein levels of matric metalloproteinase-7 （MMP7）， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA） and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） in gastric mucosa. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） in gastric mucosal tissues were detected by qPCR. The protein levels of phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt） and phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR） in rat gastric mucosal tissues were measured by Western Blotting. ResultsCompared to the blank group， rats in all other groups exhibited decreased body weight， significantly increased gastric mucosal cell apoptosis-positive rates， elevated protein levels of MMP7， VEGFA and EGFR in gastric mucosa， increased mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt and mTOR， and enhanced protein expression levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Histopathological examination revealed thinning of the gastric mucosa， glandular disorganization and atrophy， accompanied by intestinal metaplasia.Compared to the model group， the heat-sensitive moxibustion group， the non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the inhibitor group all showed significant improvements in the above-mentioned indicators （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the heat-sensitive moxibustion group， the non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the inhibitor group exhibited increased positive rates of gastric mucosal cell apoptosis； the non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group showed increased protein levels of MMP7， VEGFA and EGFR， as well as mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt and mTOR， and protein expressions of p-Akt and p-mTOR； the inhibitor group exhibited elevated protein expression level of EGFR （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Histopathological examination showed that the gastric mucosal glands in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group were arranged more regularly， with an approximately normal structural appearance. ConclusionHeat-sensitive moxibustion can improve the body weight of CAG rats and repair gastric mucosal injury. Its therapeutic effects may be mediated by inhibiting excessive activation of gastric mucosal PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， thereby reducing gastric mucosal cell apoptosis.

Animal quarantine is essential for controlling the spread of animal diseases,ensuring the healthy development of the livestock industry,and safeguarding public health and food safety.This paper reviews and organizes the development history,achievements,and current dilemmas of China's animal quarantine.It proposes further policy reflections and suggestions from the aspects of man-agement concepts,system design,and specific implementation to adapt to the requirements of the new era.

Objective:To investigate the current status of fertility concerns among early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) patients with fertility preservation, and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select early-stage EC and AEH patients with fertility preservation at Peking University People's Hospital from January to December 2021 as study subjects. The study subjects were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Chinese version of the Reproductive Concerns after Cancer Scale (RCAC), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Pearson correlation was employed to examine the relationship between fertility concerns and social support in early-stage EC and AEH patients with fertility preservation. Single-factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the factors influencing fertility concerns in early-stage EC and AEH patients with fertility preservation.Results:A total of 170 questionnaires were distributed, and 167 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 98.24% (167/170). The RCAC and SSRS scores of 167 early-stage EC and AEH patients with fertility preservation were (56.58±10.58) and (34.22±8.21), respectively. Educational level, disease type and staging, marital status, and social support were statistically significant factors influencing fertility concerns among early-stage EC and AEH patients undergoing fertility preservation ( P<0.05), explaining 32.80% of the total variance. Conclusions:Early-stage EC and AEH patients with fertility preservation exhibit high levels of fertility concerns. Clinical practice should develop individualized psychological intervention programs for patients with high education level, unmarried status, high pathological grading, and lack of social support to improve their physical and mental health.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of treating complex talar neck fractures with double-column fixation using plates and cannulated screws.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 13 patients with complex talar neck fractures treated with double-column fixation using plates and cannulated screws at Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University from June 2019 to November 2023. There were 9 males and 4 females, with an age of 42.1±17.7 years (range, 15-66 years). There were 5 cases on the left and 8 cases on the right. Four cases were caused by traffic accidents, 8 by falling from a height, and 1 by a heavy object injury. According to the Hawkins classification, there were 12 cases of type II and 1 case of type III talar neck fractures. All the fractures were comminuted, including 12 cases of talar neck combined with talar body, and 3 cases combined with subluxation of subtalar joint. The time from injury to surgery was 3.3±1.6 d (range, 1-6 d). All patients were treated with anteromedial combined anterolateral approach, plate and cannulated screw double-column fixation pattern. The healing time of fractures and the occurrence of complications were recorded. Postoperative anteroposterior and lateral X-ray images were taken to assess the quality of fracture reduction based on the presence or absence of step-offs and angulation after reduction of fractures at the neck or body of the talus. The functional outcome was evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale.Results:All 13 patients were followed up for 33.8±15.2 months (range, 12-53 months). All fractures healed, and the healing time was 17.2±2.8 weeks (range, 13-23 weeks). Postoperative X-ray evaluation showed that 10 cases had anatomical reduction and 3 cases had near-anatomical reduction. After operation, there was no loosening or breakage of implant, loss of fracture reduction, irritation of skin and soft tissue by internal fixation. The AOFAS score was 88.1±13.0 points (range, 48-100 points), with 9 excellent cases, 3 good cases, and 1 poor case. Superficial skin necrosis in one surgical incision healed after dressing exchange. At the 1-year follow-up after surgery, 1 case developed avascular necrosis of the talus without collapse. And at the last follow-up (postoperative 13 to 53 months), 5 cases developed post-traumatic arthritis.Conclusion:Plate and cannulated screw double-column fixation in the treatment of complex talar neck fractures can achieve satisfactory reduction and strong fixation effects, which is beneficial in reducing complications related to poor reduction.

Objective To explore the predictive value of growth differentiation factor 15(GDF-15)for atrial fibrillation(AF)in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A prospective observation cohort of 1261 elderly CHD patients was randomly sampled from the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2015.ELISA was used to detect GDF-15 level in all the subjects,and their baseline data were collected.Until March 2023,93 patients were lost during the follow-up period,and finally 1168 patients completed the follow-up,with a median time of 9.4 years.According to AF occurred or not during the period,the eligible patients were divided into an AF group(197 cases)and a non-AF group(971 cases),and based on their medical history,also assigned into a stable angina pectoris(SAP,n=304)and an acute coronary syndrome group(ACS,n=864).Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether GDF-15 is a risk factor for AF in elderly CHD patients.ROC curve was plotted to assess the predictive value of GDF-15,guideline recommended CHARGE-AF scoring model,and their combination for AF events in the patients.Results The AF group had significantly advanced age,larger proportions of smoking history,type 2 diabetes,hypertension,old myocardial infarction,stroke,ACS and administration of statins,higher ratio of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibi-tor/angiotensin receptor blocker,and elevated levels of GDF-15 and N-terminal pro-B-type natri-uretic peptide,and lower left ventricular ejection fraction,SAP incidence,and low-density lipopro-tein cholesterol,total cholesterol and triglycerides levels when compared with the non-AF group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GDF-15 was not a risk factor for AF in elderly CHD patients(OR=0.92,95％CI:0.74-1.16,P=0.489),but was a risk factor for AF in SAP patients(OR=1.38,95％CI:1.07-2.79,P=0.015),and in ACS patients,still not a risk factor for AF(OR=0.81,95％CI:0.63-1.05,P=0.814).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value of GDF-15 combined with the CHARGE-AF scoring model in predic-ting AF was 0.682 in the elderly CHD patients,0.746 in the SAP patients,and 0.680 in the ACS patients.Conclusion Elevated GDF-15 level is an independent risk factor and predictor of AF in elderly SAP patients.In SAP patients,the combination of GDF-15 and CHARGE-AF scoring model further improves the predictive performance of AF occurrence.

Objective:To evaluate the role of splenic sympathetic nerve-regulated infiltration and polarization of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) macrophages in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) in mice.Methods:Forty-eight specific pathogen-free male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6 weeks, weighing 20-22 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: control group (Con group), DNP group, DNP plus sham operation group (DNP+ Sham group), and diabetes mellitus induced by DNP plus splenic sympathetic denervation group (DNP+ SS group). In DNP+ SS group, the splenic sympathetic denervation procedures were performed using 6-hydroxydopamine solution, while a solvent of 0.2% ascorbic acid saline solution was used as a substitute for 6-hydroxydopamine solution in DNP+ Sham group. After a two-week recovery, the diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 120 mg/kg in mice at 8 weeks of age. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured on day 1 before developing the model and on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after developing the model. After the last behavioral testing, the DRG was taken after anesthesia for determination of the expression of the macrophage marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (by immunofluorescence) and expression of M1 phenotype markers (CD16, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) and M2 phenotype markers (interleukin-10 [IL-10], transforming growth factor-β1 [TGF-β1], and CD206) mRNA (using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Results:Compared with Con group, the MWT was significantly decreased on days 14, 21 and 28 after developing the model, the expression of CGRP and TNF-α in the DRG was up-regulated, the count of Iba1-positive cells was increased, the expression of CD16, TNF-α and iNOS mRNA was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the expression of IL-10, TGF-β1 and CD206 in DNP group ( P>0.05). Compared with DNP group and DNP+ Sham group, the MWT was significantly increased on days 14, 21 and 28 after developing the model, the expression of CGRP and TNF-α in the DRG was down-regulated, the count of Iba1-positive cells was decreased, the expression of CD16, TNF-α and iNOS mRNA was down-regulated, and the expression of IL-10, TGF-β1 and CD206 mRNA was up-regulated in DNP+ SS group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters at each time point in DNP and DNP+ Sham groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Activation of splenic sympathetic nerve can promote the infiltration and polarization of DRG macrophages, thus participating in the process of diabetic neuropathic pain in mice.

Objective:To characterize the epidemiological features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Jixi region, Heilongjiang Province, and to develop an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the incidence trend of HFRS, thus to provide a scientific basis for targeted prevention and control.Methods:HFRS case data and host animals surveillance data from January 2013 to December 2024 in Jixi City were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial, and population distribution characteristics of HFRS, with comparisons made using the chi-square test. ArcGIS10.8.2 software was employed for spatial clustering analysis. Moran I was used to assess the overall spatial trend of HFRS incidence. Getis-Ord Gi * analyses was used to identify the hotspots and coldspots. SaTScan v10.2 software was applied to detect spatiotemporal clusters. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between rodent viral load index and HFRS incidence. ARIMA model was constructed and optimized using Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for short-term prediction of HFRS. Results:From January 2013 to December 2024, a total of 1 045 HFRS cases were reported in Jixi City, with an average annual incidence rate of 5.09/100 000. Three epidemic peaks were observed: 2014 (8.12/100 000), 2019 (7.22/100 000), and 2023 (3.86/100 000). The temporal distribution showed a bimodal pattern, with the autumn-winter peak (October to December) having more cases than the spring-summer peak (May to June). Geographically, cases were mainly concentrated in the central-eastern urban areas of Jixi City. The average annual incidence rate in males (7.89/100 000) was significantly higher than that in females (2.24/100 000), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=322.15, P<0.001). The highest incidence rate was observed in the 50 to 59 age group (6.79/100 000), and farmers accounted for the largest proportion of cases (59.04% (617/1 045)). Spatial analysis revealed clustered distribution (Moran I=0.50, P<0.05), with hotspots in Hulin City and Mishan City. Spatiotemporal analysis identified one significant cluster (radius=89.2 km). No correlation was found between the rodent viral load index and HFRS incidence ( r=0.455, P=0.138). The optimal short-term prediction model was ARIMA (1, 0, 0) (0, 1, 1) (BIC=-3.24), which forecasted 38 HFRS cases in Jixi City in 2025. Conclusions:HFRS incidence in Jixi City exhibits periodicity, seasonality, and spatial clustering. The developed ARIMA model provides a valuable tool for predicting incidence trends, thus to optimize vaccination, rodent control, and surveillance measures in high-risk areas and populations.

MicroRNA(miRNA)serves as a novel regulatory factor in viral and bacterial co-infections,exhibiting dual regulatory roles during pathogen infections.On the one hand,it exerts protective effects by modulating viral replication cycles and host anti-infection immune responses.On the other hand,it can be exploited by pathogens to promote infection progression,including influencing viral replication,antiviral immune responses,and regulating bacterial adhesion and proliferation.Mixed viral and bacterial infections lead to high mortality rates.By binding to specific target gene mRNA,miRNA degrades or inhibits its translation,thereby regulating target gene expres-sion,which may ultimately serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.This paper reviews recent ad-vances in research on the role of miRNA in viral and bacterial infections,particularly its mechanisms in co-infec-tions,aiming to provide theoretical reference for further research on the infection mechanisms.

Objective:To explore the distribution and clearance of 99mTc labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(99mTc-DTPA)in different brain regions of adult rats after administration through brain extracellular space(ECS)pathway.Methods:After the injection of a volume of 2 μL and radioactive activity of about 3.7 MBq(100 μCi)of 99mTc-DTPA into the caudate nucleus and thalamus of SD rats through stereotactic positioning of rat brain,the single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography(SPECT/CT)for small animals was used for imaging at different time points,and the dyna-mic distribution and clearance of the tracer in the whole body were observed continuously.The SD rats were injected with 99mTc-DTPA into thalamus and caudate nucleus respectively for biological distribution in vivo.They were put to death 4 h later.Their blood and urine were collected.The brain,cerebellum,heart,liver,spleen,lung,and kidney were taken and weighed by γ counter to measure its radioactivity.Results:SPECT/CT imaging results showed that after 99mTc-DTPA was administered through brain ECS,the radioactivity was concentrated in the brain,kidney and bladder.The tracer administered to the left caudate nucleus was preferentially drained to the right cerebellum,while the tracer administered to the right caudate nucleus was preferentially drained to the left cerebellum.There was a phenomenon of"con-tralateral cerebellar dominant drainage"in the caudate nucleus.The thalamic area preferentially drained to the ipsilateral cerebellum after administration.Four hours after administration via ECS,high radioac-tive uptake appeared in urine,cerebellum and brain,followed by blood and kidney.The radioactive up-take values of heart,liver,spleen and lung were low,which were mainly excreted through urinary sys-tem.Conclusion:Intracerebral ECS administration is a promising method of administration,but there are significant differences in distribution and clearance in different brain regions.This study further ex-pands the content and significance of"ECS regions",and also provides an important theoretical founda-tion for the treatment of encephalopathy and the research of new drugs through brain ECS in the future.