Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy(FECD)is a progressive dystrophic disease characterized by gradual damage to the corneal endothelium, ultimately leading to endothelial decompensation. The current standard treatment, corneal transplantation, has several limitations. Recent studies have shown that Rho-associated kinase(ROCK)inhibitors can promote cell proliferation by modulating the cyclin D and p27 signaling pathways. Additionally, ROCK inhibitors activate Rac1, which drives the actin-related protein complex(ARPC2)to enhance cell adhesion, and regulate processes such as membrane blebbing, nuclear disintegration, and apoptotic body formation, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of corneal endothelial cells. These findings suggest that ROCK inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic approach for FECD. This review provides an overview of the pharmacological effects, basic research, clinical trials, and potential adverse reactions associated with ROCK inhibitors in the treatment of FECD, with the aim of developing compounds with stable efficacy and minimal side effects for the treatment of FECD in the near future.

Fascioliasis hepatica, caused by Fasciola hepatica, is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease, and F. hepatica mainly infects ruminants and occasionally humans. This article presents the diagnosis and treatment of an acute fascioliasis hepatica case with complaints of “abdominal distension and yellowing of skin and sclera for one day”, so as to provide insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment of fascioliasis hepatica and avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

BackgroundFamily factors are known to play a critical role in the development， progression and prognosis of adolescent patients with depressive disorder. Psychodrama group therapy has the potential for bringing about positive change in individual growth and relationship repair， but there is currently insufficient research evidence for the effectiveness of psychodrama group therapy in promoting the recovery in depressive disorder in adolescents through improving the family parenting skills of their parents. ObjectiveTo explore the influence of psychodrama group therapy based on family parenting intervention on parents of adolescent patients with depressive disorder， so as to provide references for promoting the recovery for adolescent patients with depressive disorder. MethodsPurposive sampling was used to recruit adolescent patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder of the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） and hospitalized in the psychiatric outpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from October 2023 to March 2024， and their parents （either mother or father） were taken as the study subjects. Psychodrama group therapy based on family parenting intervention was performed once a week for 6 consecutive weeks. After intervention， semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents who participated in the group， and the interviews were recorded. Content analysis method was employed to perform qualitative analysis on the interview recordings and verbatim transcripts. ResultsAfter receiving psychodrama group intervention based on family parenting， parents of adolescent patients with depressive disorder demonstrated improvement in emotional state， enhanced reflective ability and altered coping style， which were specifically manifested as reducing negative emotions， increasing positive emotions， reflecting on themselves， empathizing with others， adjusting cognition， changing the way of stress regulation， improving communication styles and actively seeking resources. ConclusionApplication of psychodrama group therapy based on family parenting intervention may improve emotional state， reflective ability and coping style of the parents of adolescent patients with depressive disorder. ［Funded by Chongqing Education Commission Humanities and Social Science Research Project （number， 19SKGH018）； Chongqing Social Science Planning Project （number， 2021WT29）］

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia experience low quality of life， and internalized stigma is considered an important indicator for quality of life， while the mediating role of self-esteem and severity of negative symptoms in the relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life remains underexplored. ObjectiveTo examine the mediating role of self-esteem and severity of negative symptoms in the relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life， so as to provide references for improving their quality of life. MethodsA total of 342 patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized in 6 hospitals in Xiangyang City， Siping City and Changchun City from April to September 2023 were included， and all of whom met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale （ISMI）， Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale （SQLS）， Self-Esteem Scale （SES） and negative symptom subscale of Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS） were administered to all patients. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to determine correlations between the different scales. A structural equation modeling was constructed using Amos 28.0， and Bootstrap method was employed to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem and negative symptom severity in the association between internalized stigma and quality of life. ResultsA total of 309 patients （90.35%） completed questionnaires in this study. The ISMI score of schizophrenia patients was positively correlated with both SQLS score and the PANSS negative symptom subscale score （r=0.612， 0.492， P<0.01）， while was negatively correlated with SES score （r=-0.513， P<0.01）. The SQLS score was negatively associated with the SES score （r=-0.555， P<0.01） and positively associated with PANSS negative symptom subscale score （r=0.672， P<0.01）. The SES score was negatively correlated with PANSS negative symptom subscale score （r=-0.433， P<0.01）.The total effect value of internalized stigma on quality of life was 0.746 （95% CI： 0.680~0.806）. Self-esteem and severity of negative symptoms independently mediated the relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life， and the indirect effect values were 0.151 （95% CI： 0.062~0.254） and 0.126 （95% CI： 0.047~0.205）， accounting for 20.24% and 16.89% of the total effect， respectively. In addition， a chained mediation effect of self-esteem and quality of life was also demonstrated， the indirect effect value was 0.102 （95% CI： 0.049~0.165）， accounting for 13.67% of the total effect）. ConclusionInternalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia patients can not only directly affect the quality of life， but also indirectly affect the quality of life of patients through either separate or chained mediation of self-esteem and the severity of negative symptoms. ［Funded by Hubei Provincial Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project （number， S202410519027）］

ObjectiveA multiplex amplification system was constructed based on the capillary electrophoresis platform for simultaneous detection of saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions using tissue-specific RNA markers. The aim of this study is to identify the tissue origin of suspicious body fluid stains found at crime scenes and determine whether the body fluid stains at the crime scene are one or several types among saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions. MethodsThirty saliva samples, forty semen samples, and forty vaginal secretion samples (half from 2015 and half from 2024) were collected from healthy adult volunteers. Through primer designing, system formulation, and PCR condition optimization, a multiplex fluorescent amplification system was constructed. The specificity, sensitivity, and detection ability for mixed samples of this system were investigated, and it was tested using real crime scene materials. In the primer design stage, to reduce the requirements for RNA template quality, the amplification products were set within 80-300 bp. In the system formulation stage, dominant and subordinate primers were mainly considered. By reducing the concentration of dominant primers and increasing that of subordinate primers, a capillary electrophoresis spectrum with an appropriate peak height ratio was finally obtained. Additionally, gradient experiments were designed to adjust the concentrations of PCR reagents and PCR amplification conditions, and multiple versions of DNA amplification enzymes were optimized to achieve the best experimental results. ResultsThrough statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in the capillary electrophoresis of the 3 types of body fluid samples from the two years (2015 and 2024), demonstrating that the sample preservation method in this study can preserve samples for a relatively long time. The composite amplification system constructed in this study exhibited high specificity for all 3 types of body fluid, with no cross-reactions between the markers of each type of body fluid. The minimum detection thresholds for the 3 types of body fluid reached 0.002 9, 0.001 5, and 0.42 mg/L, respectively. This system also had a high degree of discrimination for mixed samples, especially for semen-saliva mixtures, where each body fluid marker could still be successfully detected when the concentration ratio of semen to saliva was 100:1. Meanwhile, in the two actual cases presented in this article, the application of this composite amplification system performed outstandingly. ConclusionThe composite amplification detection system constructed in this study can achieve the correct screening of saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions, overcoming the problems such as low specificity and sensitivity of marker tests and unbalanced RFU values of each marker in previous studies. The specificity and sensitivity meet the practical work requirements, and the operation is simple. It provides an analytical and identification method for body fluid stains in actual case and is applicable to the identification of the tissue origin of biological evidence at crime scenes involving sexual assault, indecent assault, and other criminal acts. In the future, more types of body fluid markers will be screened to expand the types of body fluids detected by the system, and body fluid-specific cSNP and cInDel genetic markers will be introduced to infer the sources (individuals and types) of mixed and complex stains more accurately.

Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of iruplinalkib for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients who had not previously received ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. METHODS Based on the INSPIRE clinical trial， a three-health state partitioned survival model was developed to simulate the progression of disease， with model cycle of 3 weeks and a life-year time range of 15 years； the discount rate was 5%. For the treatment of ALK-positive advanced NSCLC， total cost， quality-adjusted life year （QALY）， and incremental cost- effectiveness ratio （ICER） were compared between iruplinalkib and crizotinib； using 1-3 times China’s per capita gross domestic product （GDP） （89 358-268 074 yuan） in 2023 as the willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold， the cost-effectiveness of two regimens were compared. The sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis （altering the distribution of survival curves， utility values） were conducted to assess model robustness. RESULTS Compared with the crizotinib regimen， the ICER for the iruplinalkib regimen was 194 412.74 yuan/QALY， which was below the WTP threshold of three times China’s per capita GDP in 2023 yuan）. The results under the scenario of altering the survival curve distribution were consistent with the base case analysis. However， after increasing the utility value of the disease progression state， the ICER exceeded the WTP threshold， and iruplinalkib no longer had a cost-effective advantage. The results of the one-way sensitivity analysis indicated that the cost of iruplinalkib and the utility values of disease progression states had a significant impact on the ICER. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the base case analysis results. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of China’s healthcare system， compared with crizotinib regimen， the therapy with iruplinalkib is cost-effective for ALK-positive NSCLC patients who have not previously received ALK-TKIs.

Objective: To explore the association of health literacy with overweight and obesity among middle school students in Chongqing, so as to provide evidence for obesity prevention and control strategies. Methods: From November to December 2019, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 7 851 middle school students from 8 complete middle schools across 4 districts/counties in Chongqing. Participants completed the Adolescent Health Literacy Questionnaire and underwent nutritional status assessments. Chisquare tests and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents was 12.95%. The overall health literacy rate and rates for functional, interactive, and critical health literacy dimensions were 62.01%, 66.02%, 50.07%, and 72.42%, respectively. Significant differences in overweight and obesity prevalence were observed across districts/counties, urban/rural areas, sex, school stages, and onlychild status (χ2=25.93, 3.86, 80.55, 8.80, 6.43, P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate Logistic regression revealed that middle school students with overall health literacy (OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.75-0.99), interactive health literacy (OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.74-0.97), and critical health literacy (OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.73-0.98) had a lower risk of overweight and obesity (P<0.05). Conclusions Health literacy is inversely associated with overweight and obesity among middle school students. Strengthening health education and improving interactive and critical health literacy may create favorable conditions for adolescent overweight and obesity prevention and control.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between parental psychological control and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) among junior high school students, so as to provide evidence for preventing IGD development in adolescents. Methods: From August 2019 to February 2020, a survey was conducted among 1 169 junior high school students from three middle schools in Xian using stratified cluster sampling. The Parental Psychological Control Scale and IGD Scale were administered to assess parental psychological control and IGD prevalence. Univariate and binary Logistic regression analyses were used to explore IGD risk factors and their correlation with parental psychological control. Results: The detection rate of IGD in middle school students was 19.9%(184/1 169). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that compared to those with lower parental psychological control scores(≤21 points), students with higher parental psychological control scores (>21 points) had a higher risk of IGD (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.21-2.74), a 1.58fold higher risk of selfperceived gaming addiction (95%CI=1.07-2.30), as well as reduced likelihood of seeking external help to reduce gaming time (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.47-0.94) (P<0.05). Conclusions Parental psychological control may elevate the risks of IGD and selfperceived addiction while diminishing proactive helpseeking behaviors to reduce gaming time. Parents should enhance communication with adolescents and provide positive guidance to mitigate potential gamingrelated harms.

Objective: To investigate the trends in disease burden due to childhood asthma in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2035, so as to provide insights into formulation of the control interventions for childhood asthma in China. Methods: The prevalent case, agestandard prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and agestandard DALYs rate of children with asthma at ages of 0 to 14 years and their 95% uncertainty interval (UI) in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The temporal trends in the disease burden of childhood asthma were evaluated with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), and the disease burden due to asthma was projected among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model from 2022 to 2035. Results: There were 9.368 3 million (95%UI=6.410 7 million to 14.026 1 million) prevalent cases of asthma among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China in 2021, contributing to 0.387 9 million (95%UI=0.216 1 million to 0.668 8 million) DALYs loss. The prevalent cases and DALYs of asthma decreased by 37.28% and 52.55% among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China in 2021 compared with 1990, and the agestandardized prevalence [EAPC=-0.70%, 95%CI=-1.26% to -0.13%)] and DALY rates [EAPC=-1.71%, 95%CI=-2.32% to -1.10%)] also appeared a tendency towards a decline. From 1990 to 2021, the prevalent cases, prevalence, DALYs and DALYs rate of asthma were all higher among male children than among female children, and the disease burden of asthma was higher among children at ages of 5 to 9 years than at other age groups. BAPC model predicted a decline in both prevalent cases and DALYs of asthma among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China from 2022 to 2035, with 6.759 6 million prevalent cases and DALYs of 0.228 4 million personyears in 2035, while the prevalence and DALYs rates were projected to rise to 5 143.35/105 and 173.75/105 in 2035. Conclusions Despite a reduction in the disease burden of asthma among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China from 1990 to 2021, the prevalence remained high. The disease burden due to asthma is projected to appear a decline among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China from 2022 to 2035; however, the prevalence and DALYs rates still rise. Intensified control measures and targeted interventions are required to reduce the disease burden of childhood asthma.