In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of groin hernia have become more mature, and personalized treatment plans for different groin hernias have become more standardized. On the basis of the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment on the adult groin hernia (2018 edition), more than 70 experts and scholars in China have discussed the consultation and modified the content of diagnosis and treatment of groin hernia in children and adolescents, diagnosis and treatment of scrotal hernia, management of hernia related complications, and postoperative education and follow-up in this new edition, combined with evidence-based medical evaluation standards. The relevant medical institutions and peers in China are requested to carry out the actual clinical reference.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Hernia, Inguinal/therapy* ; Herniorrhaphy

Incisional hernia is a type of iatrogenic disease, and its clinical treatment is complicated. In recent years, there have been new advances in the diagnosis, surgical methods, and materials science of incisional hernias. On the basis of the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of abdominal wall incisional hernia (2018 edition), more than 70 experts and scholars over the country have discussed the consultation and modified the issues such as complex abdominal wall conditions, loss of domain, principles of incisional hernia treatment, techniques of abdominal wall hernia defects closure, perioperative management, and follow-up in this new edition, combined with evidence-based medical evaluation standards. The relevant medical institutions and peers in China are requested to carry out the actual clinical reference.
Humans ; Abdominal Wall/surgery* ; Incisional Hernia/therapy* ; Herniorrhaphy/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Incisional hernia is a type of iatrogenic disease, and its clinical treatment is complicated. In recent years, there have been new advances in the diagnosis, surgical methods, and materials science of incisional hernias. Based on the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Wall Incisional Hernia (2018 Edition), more than 70 domestic experts have evaluated related publications using standards of evidenced-based medicine. Issues such as complex abdominal wall status, loss of domain, principles of incisional hernia treatment, techniques of abdominal wall hernia defects closure, perioperative management, and follow-up have been modified in the 2025 edition for the reference of clinicians.
Humans ; Incisional Hernia/surgery* ; Abdominal Wall/surgery* ; Hernia, Abdominal/therapy* ; Herniorrhaphy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of inguinal hernia have become mature, and personalized treatment plans for different inguinal hernias have become more standardized. Based on the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment on the Adult Inguinal Hernia (2012 & 2014 Edition), more than 70 domestic experts have evaluated related publications using standards of evidenced-based medicine. Major modifications include diagnosis and treatment of inguinal hernia in children and adolescents, diagnosis and treatment of scrotal hernia, management of hernia related complications, and postoperative education and follow-up in this new edition, for the reference of clinicians.
Humans ; Hernia, Inguinal/surgery* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

The incidence of hiatal hernia is on the rise due to population aging and improved awareness of the disease. Laparoscopic repair is the main treatment modality; however, there remains a lack of consensus on the selection of mesh materials and operative specifications. Based on high-level evidence, this expert consensus has formulated 11 recommendations regarding the indications for mesh application, material selection, and operative methods: For patients with giant hiatal hernias (defect area >10 cm², hiatal diameter ≥ 5 cm, or over 1/3 of the gastric body entering the thoracic cavity), complex hernias, recurrent hernias, or those with weak diaphragmatic crura, mesh-reinforced repair is recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence. Synthetic meshes are suitable for giant/complex hernias; biological meshes help reduce foreign body reactions; and bioabsorbable synthetic meshes combine mechanical strength with safety. The preferred shape of the mesh is U-shaped, and fixation methods (non-absorbable sutures, absorbable staplers, or medical adhesives) are selected based on hernia size and anatomical features. For suturing the diaphragmatic crura, non-absorbable sutures are recommended, with the choice between interrupted or continuous suturing techniques tailored to patient characteristics. The method of fundoplication is determined according to esophageal pH measurement and lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and non-absorbable sutures are recommended for plication.
Humans ; Hernia, Hiatal/surgery* ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Surgical Mesh ; Herniorrhaphy/methods*

Pneumothorax during pediatric laparoscopic surgery is a potentially fatal complication that may not be promptly recognized. It can occur due to congenital anatomical abnormalities, pre-existing pulmonary disease, or operative factors during laparoscopy. Clinical presentation may range from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress, pleuritic chest pain, and even life-threatening circulatory collapse. Here, we report a case of sudden intraoperative pneumothorax accompanied by extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the neck and chest wall during laparoscopic high ligation of the hernial sac in a child. The child presented with a reducible left lower abdominal mass and mild pain 3 days prior but did not seek medical attention. Symptoms worsened 1 day prior to admission, with difficulty reducing the mass. On April 8, 2021, the patient was admitted to the Department of Anesthesiology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, with a diagnosis of "left inguinal hernia." On the second day of hospitalization, laparoscopic high ligation of the left inguinal hernia sac was performed under general anesthesia. During the procedure, the patient developed a sudden increase in airway pressure, marked hemodynamic fluctuations, crepitus in the neck and right anterior chest regions, and significantly diminished breath sounds in the right lung. Emergent bedside chest X-ray confirmed a right-sided pneumothorax. Immediate intervention including thoracic needle decompression, closed thoracic drainage, the lung re-expansion was performed. The patient was discharged on the 7th postoperative day with full recovery. This case highlights the need for clinicians to remain vigilant for iatrogenic pneumothorax during pediatric laparoscopic surgery. Close intraoperative monitoring of vital signs is crucial for early detection, recognition, and timely management of pneumothorax to ensure patient safety during minimally invasive procedures.
Humans ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Pneumothorax/etiology* ; Ligation/methods* ; Hernia, Inguinal/surgery* ; Male ; Intraoperative Complications/etiology* ; Child ; Herniorrhaphy/methods* ; Female ; Subcutaneous Emphysema/etiology*

Hiatal hernia (HH) refers to a common digestive system disorder in which the stomach or other abdominal organs protrude into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus.With changes of people's lifestyles,accelerated aging,and rising rates of obesity and overweight,the incidence of HH in China has been steadily increasing.Early diagnosis and accurate classification of HH are critical for guiding treatment decisions. Conventional diagnostic methods-such as barium swallow X-ray,gastroscopy,computed tomography,and high resolution esophageal manometry-have limitations,including invasiveness,radiation exposure,high costs,or inadequate dynamic assessment.Gastric contrast-enhanced ultrasound,as a novel non-invasive imaging technique,has demonstrated unique advantages in the evaluation of HH in recent years.This article reviews the technical principles,clinical applications,and recent advancements of gastric contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
Humans ; Hernia, Hiatal/therapy* ; Contrast Media ; Ultrasonography ; Stomach/diagnostic imaging*

This is a case of a 35-year-old Gravida 5 Para 5 (5005) who underwent curettage for retained placental fragments after delivering her fifth child. Within 16-month postpartum, the patient had nonspecific occasional abdominal pain and oligomenorrhea. Imaging studies revealed a uterine defect with a bowel segment passing through. A referral to a tertiary-level hospital was made. Hysteroscopy was attempted; however, an obliterated cervical canal was encountered. Laparoscopy revealed a 10 cm ileal segment completely herniating into a 2.5 cm uterine defect at the posterior uterine wall. Laparoscopic enterolysis followed by hysterectomy, extracorporeal resection, and anastomosis of the involved ileal segment was performed. This is an uncommon case of an iatrogenic uterine perforation following curettage after a term pregnancy. Its unique clinical presentation and intraoperative findings resulted in an equally unique array of surgical approach.

Objective: To analyze the short-term clinical effects of robot-assisted and laparoscopic repair of the hiatal hernia. Methods: The clinical data of 56 patients underwent minimally invasive hiatal hernia repair from January 2021 to January 2022 in the Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hernias and Abdominal Wall Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were retrospectively analyzed. There were 32 males and 24 females, aging (59.7±10.7) years (range: 28 to 75 years). All patients were divided into laparoscopy group (n=27) and robot group (n=29) according to surgical procedures. Perioperative conditions, hospital stay, and improvement in symptoms before and after surgery were compared between the two groups by the t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test and χ² test. Results: All surgical procedures were successfully completed, without conversion to laparotomy or change in operation mode. There were no serious complications related to the operation. The intraoperative blood loss of the robot group was less than that of the laparoscopic group (M (IQR)): (20 (110) ml vs. 40 (80) ml, Z=-4.098, P<0.01). The operation time ((111.7±33.6) minutes vs. (120.4±35.0) minutes, t=-0.943, P=0.350) and hospitalization time ((3.9±1.4) days vs. (4.7±1.9) days, t=-1.980, P=0.053) of the robot group and the laparoscopic group were similar. Follow-up for 12 months after the operation showed no postoperative complications and recurrence. The score of the health-related quality of life questionnaire for gastroesophageal reflux disease in the robot group decreased from 10.8±2.8 before the operation to 6.5±0.6 after the operation, and that in the laparoscopic group decreased from 10.6±2.1 before the operation to 6.3±0.6 after the operation. There was no difference in the influence of different surgical methods on the change in score (t=0.030,P=0.976). Conclusion: Compared with laparoscopic repair of the hiatal hernia, robot-assisted hiatal hernia repair has the advantages of less bleeding, rapid postoperative recovery and good short-term effect.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Hernia, Hiatal/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotics ; Herniorrhaphy/methods* ; Quality of Life ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Recurrence ; Fundoplication/methods*

INTRODUCTION: The superiority of laparoscopic repair over open repair of incisional hernias (IHs) in the elective setting is still controversial. Our study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic and open elective IH repair in an Asian population. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in an acute general hospital in Singapore between 2010 and 2015. Inclusion criteria were IH repair in an elective setting, IHs with diameter of 3-15 cm, and location at the ventral abdominal wall. We excluded patients who underwent emergency repair, had recurrent hernias or had loss of abdominal wall domain (i.e. hernia sac containing more than 30% of abdominal contents or any solid organs). Postoperative outcomes within a year such as recurrence, pain, infection, haematoma and seroma formation were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 174 eligible patients. The majority were elderly Chinese women who were overweight. Open repair was performed in 49.4% of patients, while 50.6% underwent laparoscopic repair. The mean operation time for open repair was 116 minutes (116 ± 60.6 minutes) and 139 minutes (136 ± 64.1 minutes) for laparoscopic repair (P = 0.079). Within a year after open repair, postoperative wound infection occurred in 15.1% of the patients in the open repair group compared to 1.1% in the laparoscopic group (P = 0.0007). Postoperative pain, recurrence and haematoma/seroma formation were comparable. CONCLUSION Elective laparoscopic IH repair has comparable outcomes with open repair and may offer the advantage of reduced postoperative wound infection rates.
Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Incisional Hernia/surgery* ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seroma/surgery* ; Herniorrhaphy/adverse effects* ; Surgical Mesh ; Recurrence ; Hernia, Ventral/surgery* ; Laparoscopy/adverse effects* ; Postoperative Complications/surgery*