ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on severe acute pancreatitis induced acute lung injury （SAP-ALI） by regulating formyl peptide receptors （FPRs）/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） inflammatory pathway. MethodsSixty rats were randomly divided into a sham group， a SAP-ALI model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose XBJ groups （4， 8， and 12 mL·kg^-1）， and a positive drug （BOC2， 0.2 mg·kg^-1） group. For the sham group， the pancreas of rats was only gently flipped after laparotomy， and then the abdomen was closed， while for the remaining five groups， SAP-ALI rat models were established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate （Na-Tc） via the biliopancreatic duct. XBJ and BOC2 were administered via intraperitoneal injection once daily for 3 d prior to modeling and 0.5 h after modeling. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta 6 h after the completion of modeling， and the expression of interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The amount of ascites was measured， and the dry-wet weight ratios of pancreatic and lung tissue were determined. Pancreatic and lung tissue was taken for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining to observe pathological changes and then scored. The protein expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue were detected by the immunohistochemical method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the SAP-ALI model group showed significantly decreased dry-wet weight ratio of lung tissue （P<0.01）， serious pathological changes of lung tissue， a significantly increased pathological score （P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue （P<0.01）. After BOC2 intervention， the above detection indicators were significantly reversed （P<0.01）. After treatment with XBJ， the groups of different XBJ doses achieved results consistent with BOC2 intervention. ConclusionXBJ can effectively improve the inflammatory response of the lungs in SAP-ALI rats and reduce damage. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of FPRs and NLRP3 in lung tissue， which thereby reduces IL-1β and simultaneously antagonize the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α.

Linxian County in Henan Province, Northern China is known as the region with the highest incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer worldwide. Since 1959, the Henan medical team has conducted field work on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian. Through three generations of effort exerted by oncologists over 65 years of research on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this area has dropped by nearly 50%, and the 5-year survival rate has increased to 40%, reaching the international leading level. This article aims to summarize the history, present opportunities and new challenges, and explore the experience of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian (referred to as the “Linxian experience”), providing reference and guidance to cancer prevention and treatment research in China.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and on TGF-β1-induced human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL1). METHODS: Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model group, low- and high-dose HP treatment groups (3 and 21 mg/kg, respectively), and 300 mg/kg pirfenidone (positive control) group. The effects of drug treatment for 21 days were assessed by examining respiratory function, lung histopathology, and expression of fibrosis markers in the lung tissues of the mouse models. In TGF-β1-induced HFL1 cell cultures, the effects of treatment with 120, 180 and 240 μg/mL HP or 1.85 μg/mL pirfenidone for 48 h on expression levels of fibrosis markers were evaluated. Transcriptome analysis was carried out using the control cells and cells treated with TGF-β1 and 240 μg/mL HP. RESULTS: HP obviously alleviated BLM-induced lung function damage and fibrotic changes in mice, evidenced by improved respiratory function, lung tissue morphology and structure, inflammatory infiltration, and collagen deposition and reduced expressions of fibrotic proteins. HP at the high dose produced similar effect to PFD. In TGF-β1-induced HFL1 cells, treatment with 240 μg/mL HP significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of α-SMA and FN. Transcriptome analysis revealed that multiple key genes and pathways mediated the protective effect of HP against pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS HP alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in both the mouse model and cell model, possibly as the result of the synergistic effects of its multiple active components.
Animals ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced* ; Bleomycin/adverse effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Mice ; Fibroblasts/drug effects* ; Lung/pathology* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology* ; Myofibroblasts/drug effects* ; Humans ; Pyridones

Schizophrenia (SZ) stands as a severe psychiatric disorder. This study applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in conjunction with graph neural networks to distinguish SZ patients from normal controls (NCs) and showcases the superior performance of a graph neural network integrating combined fractional anisotropy and fiber number brain network features, achieving an accuracy of 73.79% in distinguishing SZ patients from NCs. Beyond mere discrimination, our study delved deeper into the advantages of utilizing white matter brain network features for identifying SZ patients through interpretable model analysis and gene expression analysis. These analyses uncovered intricate interrelationships between brain imaging markers and genetic biomarkers, providing novel insights into the neuropathological basis of SZ. In summary, our findings underscore the potential of graph neural networks applied to multimodal DTI data for enhancing SZ detection through an integrated analysis of neuroimaging and genetic features.
Humans ; Schizophrenia/pathology* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Brain/metabolism* ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; White Matter/pathology* ; Gene Expression ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging* ; Graph Neural Networks

Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor linking obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we used advanced proteomics and metabolomics approaches to investigate the impact of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the serum of OSAHS patients on endothelial function. Our multi-omics analysis identified dysregulated pathways related to fatty acid metabolism, apoptosis regulation, and inflammatory responses, highlighting fatty acid synthase (FASN) as a crucial player in OSAHS-induced endothelial dysfunction. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that FASN-enriched EVs impair endothelial cell viability and disrupt metabolic homeostasis, offering new insights for the development of targeted therapies for cardiovascular complications associated with OSAHS.

Malignant tumors in children are one of the most important diseases that threaten the health and quality of life of children and are the second most common cause of death in children.With the continuous improvement and progress of treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of children with tumor has been significantly improved, but both the disease itself and the treatment can impair the immune function of children, which makes them vulnerable to various infectious diseases and secondary serious complications, and even become a source of infection, endangering the health of others. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. For children with normal immune functions, the benefits of vaccination usually outweigh the disadvantages. However, there is a lack of detailed data on the vaccination situation, efficacy and safety of vaccine use for such immunocompromised tumor survivors, and there are no authoritative and uniform vaccination recommendations. This article reviewed and summarized the literature and consensus of some domestic and foreign scholars on current status of post-treatment vaccination status, efficacy and safety of vaccination for children with tumors after treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for the practice in this field in China.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children in Tianjin, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection in children.Methods:Clinical data of 2 743 children with acute respiratory infections treated at the Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were collected. Multiplex fluorescent PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid fragments of six respiratory pathogens including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus and RSV in the throat swabs of the patients. A retrospective analysis was performed on the epidemiological and clinical data of RSV-RNA positive cases. Results:The positive rate of RSV-RNA in the 2 743 children was 15.09% (414/2 743). The positive rate of RSV-RNA was 9.29% (73/786) in 2022 and 16.53% (302/1 827) in 2023, with a statistically significant difference between the two years (χ 2=23.45, P<0.05). The incidence of RSV infection in winter and spring was significantly different from that in summer and autumn (χ 2=19.46, P<0.05). The highest and the lowest infection rates of RSV were found in winter (19.32%, 193/999) and autumn (9.43%, 45/477), respectively. There was a significant difference in RSV infection rate among different age groups (χ 2=71.38, P<0.05), with the highest infection rate in the age group of 0-2 years (21.18%, 230/1 086), and the lowest infection rate in the age group of 6-8 years (6.29%, 27/429). Among the 414 children with RSV infection, 359 cases (84.97%) were infected with RSV alone, while the other 55 cases (13.29%) were infected with mixed pathogens. Fifty-two cases had co-infection of RSV and one other pathogen. The most common pathogens in co-infection cases were human rhinovirus (4.83%, 20/414) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (6.04%, 25/414). Conclusions:The RSV infection rate among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Tianjin from 2022 to 2024 was 15.09%, with the highest infection rate in spring and the lowest infection rate in autumn. RSV infection can occur in children of all ages, with the highest infection rate in children aged 0-2 years and the lowest infection rate in children aged 6-8 years. RSV infection is often complicated by other respiratory pathogens, and the most common pathogens are human rhinovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Objective To explore the characteristics of myocardial injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated by pleural effusion and its effect on long-term prognosis.Methods It was a prospective single-center study.Patients with AMI who were admitted to hospital within 15 days from symptom onset and performed echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMR)during hospitalization were consecutively enrolled and assigned to the with-pleural effusion group and the without-pleural effusion group according to the echocardiography result.Baseline data,cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial injury index and echocardiography characteristics were compared between the two groups.The occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)was recorded through outpatient follow-up and telephone follow-up,including all-cause death,re-infarction,revascularization,rehospitalization for congestive heart failure and stroke.Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze influencing factors of all-cause death.Results Among 211 patients,31(14.7%)patients had pleural effusion and 180(85.3%)had no pleural effusion.Compared with the group without pleural effusion,the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was larger,and left ventricular ejection fraction assessed by echocardiography was lower in the group with pleural effusion(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in infarct size,left ventricular end-diastolic volume,left ventricular end-systolic volume,left ventricular ejection fraction and the presence of microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial hemorrhage between the two groups in CMR(all P＞0.05).At a median follow-up of 31 months,MACCE occurred in 43(20.4%)patients,and there was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2=3.160,P=0.075).Six cases(2.8%)had all-cause death.The incidence of all-cause death was higher in the group with pleural effusion than that in the group without pleural effusion(9.7%vs.1.7%,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of other adverse events between the two groups(P＞0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that advanced age and presence of pleural effusion were independent risk factors of all-cause death during follow-up.Conclusion Patients with AMI combined with pleural effusion have more severe myocardial injury and higher all-cause mortality.