The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) has garnered increasing attention for its role in regulating both mature behaviors and brain development. It has been established that OXTR mediates a range of effects that are region-specific or period-specific. However, the current studies of OXTR expression patterns in mice only provide limited help due to limitations in resolution. Therefore, our objective was to generate a comprehensive, high-resolution spatiotemporal expression map of Oxtr mRNA across the entire developing mouse brain. We applied RNAscope in situ hybridization to investigate the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Oxtr in the brains of male mice at six distinct postnatal developmental stages (P7, P14, P21, P28, P42, P56). We provide detailed descriptions of Oxtr expression patterns in key brain regions, including the cortex, basal forebrain, hippocampus, and amygdaloid complex, with a focus on the precise localization of Oxtr⁺ cells and the variance of expression between different neurons. Furthermore, we identified some neuronal populations with high Oxtr expression levels that have been little studied, including glutamatergic neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus, Vgat⁺Oxtr⁺ cells in the basal forebrain, and GABAergic neurons in layers 4/5 of the cortex. Our study provides a novel perspective for understanding the distribution of Oxtr and encourages further investigations into its functions.
Animals ; Receptors, Oxytocin/metabolism* ; Male ; Brain/growth & development* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Animals, Newborn

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotypes, diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of atrophic kidney-like lesion (AKLL).Methods:Three cases of AKLL were collected from April 2021 to October 2023 at the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital, Hangzhou and Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, China. The clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical characteristics were analyzed. Relevant literature was also reviewed. A targeted DNA-based next-generation sequencing (a panel of 150 genes) was performed on one of the three cases.Results:There were 1 female and 2 males, aged 30, 57, and 17 years (mean 34.6 years), respectively. The lesions were all incidentally identified during physical or imaging examination. Radiologically, they were all presented as a unilateral renal parenchymal mass. Grossly, the maximum diameters of the lesions were 1.8, 4.0, and 6.5 cm (mean 4.1 cm), respectively. The tumor cut-surfaces were sponge-like, multilocular cystic, and solid, respectively. At low magnification, the lesions were well-circumscribed, while a thick fibromuscular capsule was noted in cases 1 and 3. Cases 1 and 2 were composed of thin-walled cysts or follicular like structures of varying sizes, with the cyst wall lined by flattened and atrophic, or hobnail cells. The luminal spaces contained dense eosinophilic secretion and associated calcifications, while some cysts contained discohesive cells floating in the eosinophilic material. The tissue between the cysts showed predominantly small atrophic tubular structures. Case 3 was almost entirely composed of atrophic and collapsed tubular structures with focal cyst formation, imparting a solid sheets growth pattern under low magnification. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the cyst lining cells and the intracystic floating cells were WT1 positive, PAX8 negative and CK7 negative, while the atrophic renal tubules were WT negative, PAX8 positive and CK7 positive. Targeted next-generation sequencing in case 1 showed no significant genetic abnormalities. All 3 patients underwent partial nephrectomy. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was found with a follow-up of 17 to 36 months.Conclusions:AKLL is a rare and novel benign renal disease. It is easily misdiagnosed as a renal neoplasm grossly and histologically. Careful morphological observation combined with characteristic immunophenotypes can aid in its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To analyze ancient prescriptions for knee osteoarthritis(KOA),and explore their application patterns,for providing clinical reference value.Methods Prescriptions were collected from ancient documents,and a database was created by using Excel 2016 for frequency analysis.Association rules and hidden structures were analyzed by using SPSS Modeler 18.0 and Lantern 5.0.Results A total of 373 prescriptions and 421 herbs were collected,with 3894 times of frequency of medication.Danggui was the most frequently used herb.Herbs primarily tonified deficiencies,relieved exterior symptoms,and expelled wind-dampness,with warm properties and pungent,sweet,or bitter tastes,mainly targeting the spleen and kidney meridians.Thirteen strong association rules were identified,including Chuanxiong+Niuxi-Danggui,and Bixie-Niuxi.Hidden structure analysis revealed 10 variables,leading to 4 clusters and 4 core prescriptions.Common syndromes included wind-damp,wind-cold-damp,wind-damp-heat,and qi-blood deficiency.Conclusion The treatment of KOA in ancient literature focuses on dispelling wind and removing dampness,taking into account both positive deficiency and evil excess,flexible use of tonifying spleen and kidney,clearing dampness-heat,tonifying Qi and blood and other drugs.

Objective To investigate the application effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in treating bone marrow suppression induced by chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 53 pancreatic cancer patients who under-went chemotherapy induced bone marrow suppression at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center be-tween January and August 2024.All patients developed varying degrees of bone marrow suppression during the first to third cycles of conventional chemotherapy.In the fourth cycle of chemotherapy,TCM was added,and the improvement in bone marrow suppression after TCM treatment was ob-served.Results After thefirst cycle of chemotherapy,all patients exhibited different degrees of bone marrow suppression,including leukopenia,thrombocytopenia,neutropenia,and anemia.Compared with combined TCM treatment before,among patients with bone marrow suppression of grade Ⅱ and above,the proportion of those with leukopenia decreased significantly after one month of TCM treat-ment(P=0.019),and the proportion of those with thrombocytopenia also decreased,but the differ-ence was not statistically significant(P=0.066).There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with neutropenia before and after TCM treatment(P=0.231).One month after TCM treatment,the white blood cell count,hemoglobin level,and platelet count of the patien-tsincreased comparedto before combined treatment(P=0.006,P=0.011,P＜0.001).One month after TCM treatment,the average number of use of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stim-ulating factor and recombinant human thrombopoietin were(2.8±1.9)times/cycle and(3.1±1.2)times/cycle,respectively,which were less than those before combined TCM treatment[(4.5±1.7)times/cycle and(4.5±1.3)times/cycle](P=0.002,0.038).Conclusion Combined TCM treatment can improve adverse reactions of bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and increase white blood cell count and hemoglobin level.

Objective To investigate the early diagnostic value of AI-assisted transvaginal ultrasound combined with serum biomarkers for intrauterine and ectopic combined pregnancy(heterotopic pregnancy,HP)after IVF-ET.Methods This retrospective case-control study included 86 patients diagnosed with HP after IVF-ET at Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between January 2022 and December 2024.Control groups consisted of 86 patients with normal intrauterine pregnancies and 86 patients with simple ectopic pregnancy.All patients were diagnosed through clinical diagnosis,imaging examinations,and surgical confirmation.An AI ultrasound image analysis model and serum markers(hCG,PAPP-A,APA,progesterone,PlGF)were used to jointly assess HP diagnostic efficiency.Diagnostic performance was compared by calculating sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value.Results The AI ultrasound image analysis model's AUC was 0.835,significantly superior to traditional ultrasound(AUC=0.696).Serum hCG and PAPP-A levels were(36,210±9,820)IU/L and(0.81±0.25)μg/mL,respectively.The joint diagnostic AUC was 0.909,with a sensitivity of 94.2％,specificity of 88.4％,positive predictive value of 91.6％,and negative predictive value of 92.8％.Conclusion AI-assisted ultrasound combined with serological markers significantly improves the early diagnostic accuracy of HP,outperforming single methods and providing a reliable clinical tool.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features including immunophenotype, molecular characteristics, differential diagnosis and prognosis of SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) without sickle cell trait.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 12 cases of SMARCB1-deficient RMC without sickle cell trait were collected from 7 domestic institutions during the period of 2015 to 2024. Their clinical characteristics, morphological features and immunohistochemical properties were observed and analyzed. High-throughput DNA-targeted next-generation sequencing was performed, and follow-up data were gathered along with relevant literature review.Results:Among the 12 patients, 5 were female and 7 were male. The patients age ranged from 27 to 84 years with a median age of 58.5 (46.0, 71.0) years. None of them had sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies. Eight cases occurred in the left kidney and 4 cases were located in the right kidney. The average maximum diameter of the tumor was 6.1 (4.0,7.5) cm, with a range of 2.0 to 14.9 cm (the median maximum diameter 5.5 cm). Histologically, the tumors showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, arranged in solid and tubular patterns. Papillary structure was noted in 5 cases, cribriform structure in 3 cases, rhabdoid differentiation in 3 cases, and sarcomatoid differentiation in 2 cases. Inflammatory desmoplastic stromal reaction was observed in 8 cases, among which stromal myxoid degeneration was seen in 6 cases. Tumor necrosis was apparent in 6 cases. The tumor cells had abundant eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. The nuclear grading was grade 3 or 4 according to the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells of all 12 cases expressed PAX8 and loss of SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression, and 5 of 10 cases expressed OCT3/4. Seven samples had valid archived paraffin tissues for high-throughput DNA-targeted next-generation sequencing. The results showed that all 7 cases had pathogenic mutations in the SMARCB1 gene. The mutation sites included exon5 c.595A>T (p.K199*), exon2 c.200_207del (p.S67*), exon2 p.G69VfsTer16, exon7 c.986G>T (p.S329I), exon7 c.886A>T (p.K296*), exon6 c.635T>A (p.L212*), exon5 c.577del (p.M193Wfs16), and exon6 c.784del (p.V262Sfs5). Follow-up data were obtained for 6 of 12 patients. Among them, 1 patient had lung and bone metastases, 1 patient had liver and bone metastases and 1 patient had multiple bone metastases at the time of diagnosis; 1 patient had bone metastases 5 months after surgery. One patient died of postoperative complications 10 days after surgery, 4 patients died of tumors (the survival time ranged from 4 to 8 months), and 1 patient had no recurrence or metastasis during the 8-month follow-up after surgery.Conclusions:SMARCB1-deficient RMC without sickle cell trait is a highly aggressive and poorly differentiated renal cell carcinoma. It has similar histomorphology, immunophenotype, molecular characteristics and prognosis to RMC, which further supports that it is a sporadic subtype of RMC related to sickle cell trait.

Objective To analyze ancient prescriptions for knee osteoarthritis(KOA),and explore their application patterns,for providing clinical reference value.Methods Prescriptions were collected from ancient documents,and a database was created by using Excel 2016 for frequency analysis.Association rules and hidden structures were analyzed by using SPSS Modeler 18.0 and Lantern 5.0.Results A total of 373 prescriptions and 421 herbs were collected,with 3894 times of frequency of medication.Danggui was the most frequently used herb.Herbs primarily tonified deficiencies,relieved exterior symptoms,and expelled wind-dampness,with warm properties and pungent,sweet,or bitter tastes,mainly targeting the spleen and kidney meridians.Thirteen strong association rules were identified,including Chuanxiong+Niuxi-Danggui,and Bixie-Niuxi.Hidden structure analysis revealed 10 variables,leading to 4 clusters and 4 core prescriptions.Common syndromes included wind-damp,wind-cold-damp,wind-damp-heat,and qi-blood deficiency.Conclusion The treatment of KOA in ancient literature focuses on dispelling wind and removing dampness,taking into account both positive deficiency and evil excess,flexible use of tonifying spleen and kidney,clearing dampness-heat,tonifying Qi and blood and other drugs.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features including immunophenotype, molecular characteristics, differential diagnosis and prognosis of SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) without sickle cell trait.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 12 cases of SMARCB1-deficient RMC without sickle cell trait were collected from 7 domestic institutions during the period of 2015 to 2024. Their clinical characteristics, morphological features and immunohistochemical properties were observed and analyzed. High-throughput DNA-targeted next-generation sequencing was performed, and follow-up data were gathered along with relevant literature review.Results:Among the 12 patients, 5 were female and 7 were male. The patients age ranged from 27 to 84 years with a median age of 58.5 (46.0, 71.0) years. None of them had sickle cell disease or other hemoglobinopathies. Eight cases occurred in the left kidney and 4 cases were located in the right kidney. The average maximum diameter of the tumor was 6.1 (4.0,7.5) cm, with a range of 2.0 to 14.9 cm (the median maximum diameter 5.5 cm). Histologically, the tumors showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, arranged in solid and tubular patterns. Papillary structure was noted in 5 cases, cribriform structure in 3 cases, rhabdoid differentiation in 3 cases, and sarcomatoid differentiation in 2 cases. Inflammatory desmoplastic stromal reaction was observed in 8 cases, among which stromal myxoid degeneration was seen in 6 cases. Tumor necrosis was apparent in 6 cases. The tumor cells had abundant eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. The nuclear grading was grade 3 or 4 according to the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells of all 12 cases expressed PAX8 and loss of SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression, and 5 of 10 cases expressed OCT3/4. Seven samples had valid archived paraffin tissues for high-throughput DNA-targeted next-generation sequencing. The results showed that all 7 cases had pathogenic mutations in the SMARCB1 gene. The mutation sites included exon5 c.595A>T (p.K199*), exon2 c.200_207del (p.S67*), exon2 p.G69VfsTer16, exon7 c.986G>T (p.S329I), exon7 c.886A>T (p.K296*), exon6 c.635T>A (p.L212*), exon5 c.577del (p.M193Wfs16), and exon6 c.784del (p.V262Sfs5). Follow-up data were obtained for 6 of 12 patients. Among them, 1 patient had lung and bone metastases, 1 patient had liver and bone metastases and 1 patient had multiple bone metastases at the time of diagnosis; 1 patient had bone metastases 5 months after surgery. One patient died of postoperative complications 10 days after surgery, 4 patients died of tumors (the survival time ranged from 4 to 8 months), and 1 patient had no recurrence or metastasis during the 8-month follow-up after surgery.Conclusions:SMARCB1-deficient RMC without sickle cell trait is a highly aggressive and poorly differentiated renal cell carcinoma. It has similar histomorphology, immunophenotype, molecular characteristics and prognosis to RMC, which further supports that it is a sporadic subtype of RMC related to sickle cell trait.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotypes, diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of atrophic kidney-like lesion (AKLL).Methods:Three cases of AKLL were collected from April 2021 to October 2023 at the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital, Hangzhou and Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, China. The clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical characteristics were analyzed. Relevant literature was also reviewed. A targeted DNA-based next-generation sequencing (a panel of 150 genes) was performed on one of the three cases.Results:There were 1 female and 2 males, aged 30, 57, and 17 years (mean 34.6 years), respectively. The lesions were all incidentally identified during physical or imaging examination. Radiologically, they were all presented as a unilateral renal parenchymal mass. Grossly, the maximum diameters of the lesions were 1.8, 4.0, and 6.5 cm (mean 4.1 cm), respectively. The tumor cut-surfaces were sponge-like, multilocular cystic, and solid, respectively. At low magnification, the lesions were well-circumscribed, while a thick fibromuscular capsule was noted in cases 1 and 3. Cases 1 and 2 were composed of thin-walled cysts or follicular like structures of varying sizes, with the cyst wall lined by flattened and atrophic, or hobnail cells. The luminal spaces contained dense eosinophilic secretion and associated calcifications, while some cysts contained discohesive cells floating in the eosinophilic material. The tissue between the cysts showed predominantly small atrophic tubular structures. Case 3 was almost entirely composed of atrophic and collapsed tubular structures with focal cyst formation, imparting a solid sheets growth pattern under low magnification. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the cyst lining cells and the intracystic floating cells were WT1 positive, PAX8 negative and CK7 negative, while the atrophic renal tubules were WT negative, PAX8 positive and CK7 positive. Targeted next-generation sequencing in case 1 showed no significant genetic abnormalities. All 3 patients underwent partial nephrectomy. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was found with a follow-up of 17 to 36 months.Conclusions:AKLL is a rare and novel benign renal disease. It is easily misdiagnosed as a renal neoplasm grossly and histologically. Careful morphological observation combined with characteristic immunophenotypes can aid in its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To construct a key nursing technology system for the treatment of patients exposed to nuclear radiation in hospitals,and provide technical guidance and support for emergency nursing rescue in hospitals of nuclear radiation accidents.Methods A research group was composed of a team with rich experience in nuclear radiation accidents.Based on 4 scenarios of nuclear radiation accidents(including external irradiation,internal irradiation,external contamination,internal contamination),the literature search was conducted to form the first draft of the system.Delphi method was used to complete 2 rounds of expert letter consultation,and the final draft of the key nursing technology system for hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure was constructed according to the revised opinions of experts.Results A total of 16 experts completed 2 rounds of correspondence.The effective recovery rates were 100％and 80％;the recommendation rates were 65％and 50％;the authority coefficients(Cr)were 0.778 and 0.797;the coefficient of variation(CV)of the 2 rounds of expert letter consultation was ≤0.25.Finally,a key nursing technology system for in-hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure was formed,including 5 first-level indicators,26 second-level indicators and 74 third-level indicators.Conclusion The constructed key nursing technology system for hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure is highly practical and scientific,and it is conducive to the formation of standardized nuclear radiation exposure treatment procedures,and provides a theoretical basis for the training and evaluation of nursing staff related to nuclear radiation exposure.