High-altitude headache （HAH） is a type of headache associated with disorder of homoeostasis， and it often appears after ascent to 2 500 m or higher and resolves within 24 hours after descent to below 2 500 m. HAH may occur independently or in association with the onset of acute mountain sickness and chronic mountain sickness. This article describes the clinical features of HAH and discusses the possible pathogenesis， risk factors， preventive measures， treatment， and prognosis of HAH， in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research on HAH.
Headache

BACKGROUND

Polypharmacy in patients with chronic disease such as Migraine Headache poses potential harm in patients such that psychological distress may come in. In relation to psychological distress, Migraine Headache patients with multiple drug use are at increased risk of anxiety and depression.

The main objective of the study is to determine the association between anxiety and depression to polypharmacy in migraine headache patients by using the data in the PNA One Headache Database.

We utilized the data obtained from the Philippine Neurological Association One (PNA-1) Headache Database from 2021 to 2024 and determine the association between Anxiety and Depression to Polypharmacy in patients with Migraine.

The number of medications taken by patients does not significantly differ across depression and anxiety levels, indicating that polypharmacy has no impact on patient’s depression and anxiety. However, the study found that patients with anxiety have more tendency to report more severe headache.

The study highlights that participants, primarily middle-aged women, experience chronic headaches with high pain severity, often lasting for hours. Educational attainment may influence headache management compliance with a large proportion having only elementary education. Headache onset typically begins in early adulthood, and medication effectiveness often diminishes over time suggesting potential tolerance issues. Anxiety is associated with reporting of increased headache severity while depression does not significantly impact headache characteristics or polypharmacy. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and revised treatment strategies to improve headache management outcomes.

This article reports the medical records of a patient with spontaneous internal jugular vein thrombosis manifesting as cough-induced headache who were diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography （DSA） in The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. The patient was a male individual aged 33 years and had the main clinical manifestation of bilateral frontal pain after severe coughing， with no headache during the interictal period. DSA showed occlusion of the left internal jugular vein， which suggested thrombosis； cranial MRI， cerebrospinal fluid examination， and D-dimer test showed no abnormalities； initial lumbar puncture showed an intracranial pressure of 330 mm H2O. Headache was improved after anticoagulant therapy and symptomatic treatment. This case report suggests that for patients presenting with cough-induced headache accompanied by high intracranial pressure， the possibility of jugular vein thrombosis should be considered in addition to the causes such as posterior fossa lesions， obstructive hydrocephalus， subdural hematoma， and jugular valve insufficiency， and jugular vein ultrasound should be performed to assist in diagnosis and facilitate timely anticoagulant therapy.
Headache ; Cough

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and burden of headache disorders in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, the number of prevalent cases, prevalence rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized DALY rates were analyzed by sex, age group, and province for headache disorders and their subtypes (migraine and tension-type headache [TTH]) between 1990 and 2021. Percentage changes during this period were also estimated. RESULTS: In 2021, approximately 426 million individuals in China were affected by headache disorders, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 27,582.61/100,000. The age-standardized DALY rate for all headache disorders was 487.15/100,000. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of prevalent cases increased by 37.78%, while the prevalence of all headache disorders, migraine, and TTH increased by 6.92%, 7.57%, and 7.86%, respectively. The highest prevalence was observed in the 30-34 age group (39,520.60/100,000). Migraine accounted for a larger proportion of DALYs attributable to headache disorders, whereas TTH has a greater impact on its prevalence. In 2021, the highest age-standardized DALY rates for headache disorders were observed in Heilongjiang (617.85/100,000) and Shanghai (542.86/100,000). CONCLUSION The prevalence of headache disorders is increasing in China. Effective health education, improve diagnosis and treatment are essential, particularly for middle-aged working populations and women of childbearing age.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Child ; Headache Disorders/epidemiology* ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Child, Preschool ; Cost of Illness ; Infant ; Aged, 80 and over

Reversible splenial lesion syndrome （RESLES） is an imaging syndrome involving splenial lesion due to various etiologies including infection， metabolic disorder， and seizure. Lyme neuroborreliosis mainly manifests as painful sensory radiculitis， lymphocytic meningitis， and cranial neuritis （especially facial neuritis）， and uncommon manifestations include encephalitis， myelitis， and cerebral vasculitis， with an extremely rare manifestation of reversible splenial lesion caused by Lyme disease. This article reports a patient with Lyme disease manifesting as RESLES who were admitted to The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang， in order to raise the awareness about the disease.
Headache

Headaches are among the top reasons for consultation in primary care clinics and can be classified either as primary or secondary. Primary headaches are unrelated to any medical condition and usually benign in nature. Secondary headaches are caused by an underlying pathology or condition. The mnemonic “HEADACHES” may be used to remember the red flags and it includes: Headache of sudden onset, Elderly onset, Altered mental status or neurologic deficits, Different or new pattern, Associated systemic symptoms, Cancer or immunocompromised state, Headache with exertion or position change, Eye findings and Secondary risk factors. Patients presenting with red flags are suggested to have underlying causes or secondary headaches and presence of which warrants diagnostic investigation or referral to specialists. Diagnostic imaging is not routinely recommended for patients with headache unless presenting with red flags or with suspected underlying pathology.

Humans ; Post-Traumatic Headache/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery*

The articles involving Xiangju Capsules were retrieved, and qualitative research and quantitative research methods were combined to evaluate the evidence of the safety, effectiveness, economy, innovation, suitability, accessibility, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine( "6+1" dimensions) of this drug. Multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA) model and CSC v2.0 software were used to comprehensively evaluate the clinical value of Xiangju Capsules in the treatment of rhinosinusitis and clarify the precise clinical positioning. The dimensions are graded A, B, C, or D. Multi-source safety evidence showed that the main adverse reactions were gastrointestinal reactions, rash, itching, dizziness, and headache. Based on the available studies, the risk is controllable and the safety is grade A. Meta-analysis showed that Xiangju Capsules + conventional western medicine could recover the Lund-Kennedy score, Lund-Mackay score, and CT score, relieve headache, nasal congestion, olfactory disturbance, and facial pain, with the effectiveness is grade B. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Xiangju Capsules + conventional western medicine compared with conventional western medicine alone in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis was 263.71 yuan, about 0.82% of the per capita disposable income. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the research results were relatively robust. Based on the assumption that the per capita disposable income in 2020 will be the threshold of patients' willingness to pay, it is more economical to use Xiangju Capsules + conventional western medicine. The drug belongs to grade A of the national medical insurance, with an average daily cost of 3.06 yuan, and the economy is grade B. This formula is modified from classic formulas and characteristic empirical formulas, be capable of improving immunity and preventing repeated attacks. It can be used for acute and chronic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis. It had a wide range of applicability, especially for the patients with head and face tenderness. Service innovation was reflected in the measures to guarantee supply, capacity, scalability, and coverage of grass-roots sales channels. The industrial innovation was improved through the management of medicinal resources, pharmaceutical industry, production technology, quality control, scientific research and development, and this formula won three national invention patents. Comprehensively, the innovation of Xiangju Capsules is grade B. According to the survey of 188 medical practitioners and 196 patients in 20 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China, the drug was characterized by easy preparation and administration, individualized medication, simple technology and management, convenient use, storage, and transport, and controllable adverse reactions, with the suitability is grade B. Xiangju Capsules showed the cost of 45.9 and 275.4 yuan for treatment of acute and chronic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis, respectively, being well affordable. It was sold in 35 000 medical institutions in China. The dosage form was suitable for transportation, storage, and grass-root application. With rich, sustainable, and available medicinal resources, the accessibility of Xiangju Capsules is grade A. This drug can be used for both acute and chronic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis, clearing heat and expelling pus, and strengthening the exterior to prevent relapse. After this drug was available on the market, over 4 000 cases were studied, with rich experience in human use accumulated, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine is grade B. Overall, the clinical value of Xiangju Capsules is class B. It is suggested that Xiangju Capsules should be used in accordance with the relevant policies of basic clinical drug administration to play its role.
Humans ; Rhinitis/drug therapy* ; Sinusitis/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Headache ; China ; Capsules

Headache is a common clinical complication of ischemic stroke. As a precursor of stroke, headache occurs repeatedly in the convalescent period of ischemic stroke, leading to secondary stroke and seriously hindering patients' rehabilitation. Currently, it is believed that the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke-related headache is associated with the abnormal release of vasoactive substances, high platelet aggregation, and stimulation of intracranial pain-sensitive structures. The active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) with the effects of activating blood to resolve stasis and clearing heat to release exterior can protect brain tissue and relieve headache by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines, alleviating antioxidant stress, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and so on. This paper introduces the research progress in the potential mechanism and TCM treatment of ischemic stroke-related headache, aiming to provide reference for further research and drug development of this complication.
Humans ; Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy* ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Stroke/drug therapy* ; Headache/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and to explore the risk factors affecting the occurrence of NPSLE. Methods A total of 63 NPSLE patients and 61 non-NPSLE patients were enrolled. The clinical manifestations and laboratory examination data of the two groups were collected, and the disease characteristics of NPSLE were summarized to analyze the risk factors affecting the occurrence of NPSLE by multivariate Logistic regression. Results The most common clinical manifestations of NPSLE patients were headache (39.7%), affective disorder (33.3%) and cognitive impairment (30.2%), with cranial magnetic resonance abnormalities (63.5%) and a high cerebrospinal fluid protein positive rate (52.4%). Compared with non-NPSLE patients, there were significantly increased levels of Raynaud's phenomenon, renal involvement, anti-RNP antibody, anti-ribosomal P protein, hypocomplementemia, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in NPSLE patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that renal involvement, Raynaud's phenomenon, positive anti-ribosomal P protein antibody, and elevated LMR and NLR were independent risk factors for NPSLE. Conclusion Headache is the most common symptom in patients with NPSLE, and abnormal cranial MRI and cerebrospinal fluid examination are more common. SLE patients who present with renal involvement, Raynaud's phenomenon, positive anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies, and elevated levels of LMR and NLR are more susceptible to developing NPSLE.
Humans ; Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System ; Risk Factors ; Headache ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Cognitive Dysfunction