The invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) is a method that involves implanting microelectrodes into brain tissue to collect neural electrical signals. The signals obtained through this method are often of high precision and relatively stable. However, the chronic fibrotic reaction resulting from long-term implantation can significantly impair the quality of the collected brain electrical signals. Therefore, ensuring the long-term stability of signal acquisition is a major challenge in the development of invasive BCI. This paper systematically reviews the formation mechanisms of fibrosis at the electrode interface, elaborating on the progression from acute inflammatory responses to the development of chronic glial scars and the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It introduces the roles, advantages, and disadvantages of three anti-fibrosis strategies: material and surface optimization, drug and biological factor intervention, and integration of immune regulation and tissue engineering. This paper also evaluates their practical effects and limitations in animal and human clinical applications. Finally, it highlights the importance of establishment of standardized follow-up recording mechanisms in ensuring the long-term reliability and stability of invasive BCIs, providing references and insights for future in-depth interface optimization and clinical translation.

As the core vehicle for preserving and transmitting traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） academic thought and clinical experience， the establishment of a robust quality evaluation system for TCM clinical case reports is a crucial component in the current standardization and modernization of TCM. Based on the practical experience of constructing the China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of critical challenges， including insufficient authenticity and unfocused evaluation criteria. It proposed a three-dimensional evaluation framework grounded in the structure-process-outcome logic， encompassing three dimensions of authenticity and standardization， characteristics and advantages， application and translational impact. This framework integrated 12 key evaluation indicators in a systematic manner. The model preserved the academic characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， while aligning with modern scientific research standards， achieving a balance between individualized TCM experience and standardized evaluation. Concurrently， this study provided theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for evaluating the quality of TCM clinical cases， contributing significantly to the inheritance of TCM knowledge， evidence-based practice， and the reform of talent evaluation mechanisms.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with different numbers of ports in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of CNKI, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, Wanfang Data, and the Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database for clinical controlled trials on VATS with different port numbers for spontaneous pneumothorax, from their inception to March 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature and assessed its quality.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the methodological quality of cohort and case-control studies, and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCT). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software. Results A total of 107 studies were included, comprising 35 RCT, 2 cohort studies, and 70 case-control studies. All cohort and case-control studies included in the analysis had NOS scores≥7. The meta-analysis revealed that compared to two-port VATS (2P-VATS) and three-port VATS (3P-VATS), single-port thoracoscopic surgery (SPTS) was associated with less intraoperative blood loss (SMD=–1.58, 95%CI: –1.93 to –1.22, P<0.001; and SMD=–1.59, 95%CI: –2.03 to –1.14, P<0.001, respectively), shorter postoperative hospital stay (SMD=–1.05, 95%CI: –1.29 to –0.82, P<0.001; and SMD=–1.08, 95%CI: –1.39 to –0.77, P<0.001), shorter duration of postoperative chest tube drainage (SMD=–0.75, 95%CI: –1.00 to –0.50, P<0.001; and SMD=–1.23, 95%CI: –1.72 to –0.75, P<0.001), fewer postoperative complications (OR=0.34, 95%CI: 0.26 to 0.45, P<0.001; and OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.33 to 0.68, P<0.001), and lower pain scores at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery (P<0.05). The operative time for SPTS was shorter than that for 2P-VATS (SMD=–0.53, 95%CI: –0.90 to –0.16, P=0.005) but showed no significant difference compared to 3P-VATS (P=0.21). When comparing 2P-VATS with 3P-VATS, 2P-VATS demonstrated less intraoperative blood loss (SMD=–1.02, 95%CI: –1.81 to –0.22, P=0.01), shorter postoperative hospital stay (SMD=–0.59, 95%CI: –1.11 to –0.06, P=0.03), shorter duration of chest tube drainage (SMD=–0.46, 95%CI: –0.85 to –0.08, P=0.02), fewer postoperative complications (OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.22 to 0.59, P<0.001), and lower pain scores at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery (P≤0.05). Conclusion Both SPTS and 2P-VATS are effective and safe surgical options for spontaneous pneumothorax, deserving further promotion and application in clinical practice. However, due to limitations in the quantity and quality of the included studies, more large-sample, high-quality research is needed to validate these findings.

ObjectiveTo observe the pharmacodynamic efficacy of phlorizin in improving hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetic mellitus （T2DM） rats and to explore its mechanism of action based on the insulin receptor substrate-1 （IRS-1）/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway. MethodsA high-fat diet and streptozotocin （STZ） were used to establish T2DM rat models. The rats were randomly assigned into six groups： the blank control group， model group， metformin group （300 mg·kg^-1）， and phlorizin high-dose （100 mg·kg^-1） and low-dose groups （25 mg·kg^-1）. The rats were given intragastric administration for 6 weeks. The changes in body weight and fasting blood glucose （FBG） were observed， and the oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was carried out. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， glycated serum protein （GSP）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） in serum were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of fasting insulin （FINS）， interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumour necrosis factor （TNF）-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected by the biochemical assays. The pancreas index， liver index， and insulin resistance index were calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes in liver and pancreatic tissues. The immunofluorescence method was used to detect the changes in insulin and glucagon in pancreatic tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins in the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway of liver tissue and its downstream glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β） and forkhead box transcription factor O1 （FoxO1） proteins. ResultsCompared with the blank control group， the body weight of rats in the model group continued to decrease， while the FBG level increased significantly. The area under the OGTT blood glucose curve （AUC）， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， MDA， pancreatic index and liver index increased significantly， while the levels of HDL-C， SOD， and FINS decreased significantly （P0.05， P0.01）. Histological results showed that the pancreatic islets of rats in the model group exhibited atrophy and severe structural abnormalities. The insulin-positive β-cells decreased significantly （P0.01）， while the glucagon-positive α-cells increased significantly （P0.01）. Inflammatory cell infiltration and partial necrosis were observed in the liver tissues of the model group rats. The expressions of p-IRS-1/IRS-1， p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β， and p-FoxO1/FoxO1 proteins in the liver of the model group increased significantly （P0.01）， while the expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt proteins decreased significantly （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， the diabetic symptoms of rats in all administration groups were improved. The changes in body weight and FBG were close to those of the blank control group. The levels of OGTT-AUC， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， MDA， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α and the pancreatic index， liver index were obviously reduced （P0.05， P0.01）， while the levels of HDL-C， SOD， and FINS obviously increased （P0.05， P0.01）. The pathological changes of the pancreas and liver in rats in all treatment groups were effectively improved. The insulin-positive β-cells in the pancreas increased significantly （P0.01）， while the glucagon-positive α-cells decreased significantly （P0.01）. The protein expressions of p-IRS-1/IRS-1， p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β， and p-FoxO1/FoxO1 in the liver were significantly reduced （P0.01）， while the protein expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt significantly increased （P0.01）. ConclusionPhlorizin reversed the weight loss and abnormal increase of FBG in T2DM rats， improved blood lipid profiles， oxidative stress， and inflammatory levels， alleviated insulin resistance， and had certain protective effects on the liver and pancreas. The hypoglycemic mechanism may involve regulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to inhibit the activities of GSK-3β and FoxO1， thereby promoting liver glycogen synthesis and suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis， ultimately improving glycolipid metabolism disorders.

ObjectiveTo observe the pharmacodynamic efficacy of phlorizin in improving hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetic mellitus （T2DM） rats and to explore its mechanism of action based on the insulin receptor substrate-1 （IRS-1）/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway. MethodsA high-fat diet and streptozotocin （STZ） were used to establish T2DM rat models. The rats were randomly assigned into six groups： the blank control group， model group， metformin group （300 mg·kg^-1）， and phlorizin high-dose （100 mg·kg^-1） and low-dose groups （25 mg·kg^-1）. The rats were given intragastric administration for 6 weeks. The changes in body weight and fasting blood glucose （FBG） were observed， and the oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was carried out. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， glycated serum protein （GSP）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） in serum were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of fasting insulin （FINS）， interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumour necrosis factor （TNF）-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected by the biochemical assays. The pancreas index， liver index， and insulin resistance index were calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes in liver and pancreatic tissues. The immunofluorescence method was used to detect the changes in insulin and glucagon in pancreatic tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins in the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway of liver tissue and its downstream glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β） and forkhead box transcription factor O1 （FoxO1） proteins. ResultsCompared with the blank control group， the body weight of rats in the model group continued to decrease， while the FBG level increased significantly. The area under the OGTT blood glucose curve （AUC）， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， MDA， pancreatic index and liver index increased significantly， while the levels of HDL-C， SOD， and FINS decreased significantly （P0.05， P0.01）. Histological results showed that the pancreatic islets of rats in the model group exhibited atrophy and severe structural abnormalities. The insulin-positive β-cells decreased significantly （P0.01）， while the glucagon-positive α-cells increased significantly （P0.01）. Inflammatory cell infiltration and partial necrosis were observed in the liver tissues of the model group rats. The expressions of p-IRS-1/IRS-1， p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β， and p-FoxO1/FoxO1 proteins in the liver of the model group increased significantly （P0.01）， while the expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt proteins decreased significantly （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， the diabetic symptoms of rats in all administration groups were improved. The changes in body weight and FBG were close to those of the blank control group. The levels of OGTT-AUC， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， MDA， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α and the pancreatic index， liver index were obviously reduced （P0.05， P0.01）， while the levels of HDL-C， SOD， and FINS obviously increased （P0.05， P0.01）. The pathological changes of the pancreas and liver in rats in all treatment groups were effectively improved. The insulin-positive β-cells in the pancreas increased significantly （P0.01）， while the glucagon-positive α-cells decreased significantly （P0.01）. The protein expressions of p-IRS-1/IRS-1， p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β， and p-FoxO1/FoxO1 in the liver were significantly reduced （P0.01）， while the protein expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt significantly increased （P0.01）. ConclusionPhlorizin reversed the weight loss and abnormal increase of FBG in T2DM rats， improved blood lipid profiles， oxidative stress， and inflammatory levels， alleviated insulin resistance， and had certain protective effects on the liver and pancreas. The hypoglycemic mechanism may involve regulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to inhibit the activities of GSK-3β and FoxO1， thereby promoting liver glycogen synthesis and suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis， ultimately improving glycolipid metabolism disorders.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Zuoguiwan on the development of skin barrier in the neonatal rat model of congenital kidney deficiency and unveil the underlying mechanism. MethodsSixty rats were paired in a female-to-male ratio of 2∶1， and the pregnant rats were assigned into control， congenital kidney deficiency， and low- and high-dose （2 and 8 g·kg^-1， respectively） Zuoguiwan groups. The pregnant rats in other groups except the control group were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for the modeling of congenital kidney deficiency. The rats in the control group and congenital kidney deficiency group were administrated with normal saline by gavage， and those in Zuoguiwan groups with Zuoguiwan suspension by gavage from day 1 of pregnancy. The serum level of interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the neonatal rats on the day of birth was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The full-thickness skin of neonatal rats on the day of birth was removed from the same position on the back and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for observation of histopathological changes， measurement of skin thickness， and counting of hair follicles. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling was used to detect the apoptosis of skin tissue cells. The expression of interleukin-6 receptor （IL-6R） and interleukin-17A （IL-17A） in the skin tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot， and the expression of occludin， connexin 43 （Cx43）， and zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） in the skin tissue was assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. ResultsCompared with those in the control group， the neonatal rats in the congenital kidney deficiency group showed a rise in the serum IL-6 level （P<0.01）， decreases in stratum corneum thickness， skin thickness， and number of hair follicles （P<0.01）， increases in the expression of IL-6R and IL-17A in the skin tissue （P<0.01） and the number of apoptotic cells （P<0.01）， and decreases in the expression of occludin， Cx43， ZO-1 （P<0.05）. Compared with the congenital kidney deficiency group， the low- and high-dose Zuoguiwan groups showed declines in serum IL-6 level （P<0.05）. The low-dose group showed increased number of hair follicles （P<0.05）， and the high-dose group presented thickened stratum corneum （P<0.01）， increased number of hair follicles （P<0.01）， and down-regulated expression of IL-6R and IL-17A in the skin tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Both Zuoguiwan groups showcased decreased number of apoptotic cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the high-dose group showed up-regulated expression of occludin， Cx43， and ZO-1 in the skin tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionZuoguiwan can reduce the levels of IL-6 in the serum and IL-6R and IL-17A in the skin tissue and improve the expression of intercellular junction proteins， thereby ameliorating the abnormal development of the skin barrier in the neonatal rat model of congenital kidney deficiency.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum （PRP） on lung tissue， gut microbiota， and short-chain fatty acid （SCFA） metabolism in a model of mice with cold fluid retention in the lung and explore its mechanism of action in resolving dampness and phlegm based on the interconnection between the lung and large intestine. MethodsFifty female ICR mice were randomly divided into a normal group， model group， positive control group （Xiaoqinglong granules， 6.5 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose and low-dose PRP decoction groups （3.0， 1.5 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. A model of mice with cold fluid retention in the lung was established using ovalbumin （OVA） sensitization combined with cold-water immersion. Drug interventions were conducted from day 18 to day 33 for 15 consecutive days. The airway resistance value of the mice was measured using a non-invasive pulmonary function analyzer. Phlegm-resolving effects were evaluated via a microplate reader. Eosinophil and neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. Serum levels of total immunoglobulin E （IgE）， interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， and BALF levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-8 （IL-8） were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Lung histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to detect mucin 5AC （MUC5AC） and aquaporin 5 （AQP5） protein expression in lung tissue. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via agarose gel electrophoresis， and fecal SCFA levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited significantly increased airway resistance value （RI） （P<0.05）， elevated eosinophil and neutrophil counts and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in BALF （P<0.05）， increased serum IgE and IL-4 levels （P<0.05）， with reduced IFN-γ levels （P<0.05）. It also showed thickened bronchial walls， widened alveolar septa， narrowed lumens， and mucus plugs in lung tissue， upregulated MUC5AC protein expression and downregulated AQP5 protein expression （P<0.05）， decreased relative abundance of beneficial gut microbiota （Firmicutes， Clostridia， Clostridiales， Lactobacillaceae， and Lactobacillus）， and increased abundance of harmful microbiota （Bacteroidetes， Bacteroidia， Bacteroidales， Muribaculaceae， and Muribaculum）. In addition， the model group presented reduced fecal SCFA levels （acetate， propionate， and butyrate） （P<0.05）. After the intervention of PRP decoction， compared to the model group， all drug administration groups showed decreased RI （P<0.05）， increased phenol red excretion， declined eosinophil and neutrophil counts and IL-6， IL-8， IgE， and IL-4 levels （P<0.05）， and improved IFN-γ levels （P<0.05） and lung pathology improved. The MUC5AC protein expression decreased （P<0.05）， and the AQP5 protein expression increased （P<0.05）. The disorder of gut microbiota was improved， and the diversity of gut microbiota was restored， with a significantly increased relative abundance ratio of beneficial microbiota （P<0.05） and a significantly reduced relative abundance ratio of harmful microbiota （P<0.05）. The SCFA levels （acetate， propionate， and butyrate） increased （P<0.05）. The efficacy indicators of serum inflammatory factors （IgE， IL-4， and IFN-γ）， phlegm-resolving effect， airway resistance， total pathological score， and the protein expression of MUC5AC and AQP5 were correlated with gut microbiota and SCFAs. ConclusionPRP decoction alleviates cold-phlegm syndrome by modulating the gut-lung axis， promoting beneficial gut microbiota， enhancing SCFA production， restoring the balance of gut microbiota， and suppressing respiratory inflammation. This study provides novel insights into the TCM theory of interconnection between the lung and large intestine.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Zuoguiwan on the development of skin barrier in the neonatal rat model of congenital kidney deficiency and unveil the underlying mechanism. MethodsSixty rats were paired in a female-to-male ratio of 2∶1， and the pregnant rats were assigned into control， congenital kidney deficiency， and low- and high-dose （2 and 8 g·kg^-1， respectively） Zuoguiwan groups. The pregnant rats in other groups except the control group were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for the modeling of congenital kidney deficiency. The rats in the control group and congenital kidney deficiency group were administrated with normal saline by gavage， and those in Zuoguiwan groups with Zuoguiwan suspension by gavage from day 1 of pregnancy. The serum level of interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the neonatal rats on the day of birth was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The full-thickness skin of neonatal rats on the day of birth was removed from the same position on the back and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for observation of histopathological changes， measurement of skin thickness， and counting of hair follicles. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling was used to detect the apoptosis of skin tissue cells. The expression of interleukin-6 receptor （IL-6R） and interleukin-17A （IL-17A） in the skin tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot， and the expression of occludin， connexin 43 （Cx43）， and zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） in the skin tissue was assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. ResultsCompared with those in the control group， the neonatal rats in the congenital kidney deficiency group showed a rise in the serum IL-6 level （P<0.01）， decreases in stratum corneum thickness， skin thickness， and number of hair follicles （P<0.01）， increases in the expression of IL-6R and IL-17A in the skin tissue （P<0.01） and the number of apoptotic cells （P<0.01）， and decreases in the expression of occludin， Cx43， ZO-1 （P<0.05）. Compared with the congenital kidney deficiency group， the low- and high-dose Zuoguiwan groups showed declines in serum IL-6 level （P<0.05）. The low-dose group showed increased number of hair follicles （P<0.05）， and the high-dose group presented thickened stratum corneum （P<0.01）， increased number of hair follicles （P<0.01）， and down-regulated expression of IL-6R and IL-17A in the skin tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Both Zuoguiwan groups showcased decreased number of apoptotic cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the high-dose group showed up-regulated expression of occludin， Cx43， and ZO-1 in the skin tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionZuoguiwan can reduce the levels of IL-6 in the serum and IL-6R and IL-17A in the skin tissue and improve the expression of intercellular junction proteins， thereby ameliorating the abnormal development of the skin barrier in the neonatal rat model of congenital kidney deficiency.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum （PRP） on lung tissue， gut microbiota， and short-chain fatty acid （SCFA） metabolism in a model of mice with cold fluid retention in the lung and explore its mechanism of action in resolving dampness and phlegm based on the interconnection between the lung and large intestine. MethodsFifty female ICR mice were randomly divided into a normal group， model group， positive control group （Xiaoqinglong granules， 6.5 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose and low-dose PRP decoction groups （3.0， 1.5 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. A model of mice with cold fluid retention in the lung was established using ovalbumin （OVA） sensitization combined with cold-water immersion. Drug interventions were conducted from day 18 to day 33 for 15 consecutive days. The airway resistance value of the mice was measured using a non-invasive pulmonary function analyzer. Phlegm-resolving effects were evaluated via a microplate reader. Eosinophil and neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. Serum levels of total immunoglobulin E （IgE）， interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， and BALF levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-8 （IL-8） were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Lung histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to detect mucin 5AC （MUC5AC） and aquaporin 5 （AQP5） protein expression in lung tissue. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via agarose gel electrophoresis， and fecal SCFA levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited significantly increased airway resistance value （RI） （P<0.05）， elevated eosinophil and neutrophil counts and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in BALF （P<0.05）， increased serum IgE and IL-4 levels （P<0.05）， with reduced IFN-γ levels （P<0.05）. It also showed thickened bronchial walls， widened alveolar septa， narrowed lumens， and mucus plugs in lung tissue， upregulated MUC5AC protein expression and downregulated AQP5 protein expression （P<0.05）， decreased relative abundance of beneficial gut microbiota （Firmicutes， Clostridia， Clostridiales， Lactobacillaceae， and Lactobacillus）， and increased abundance of harmful microbiota （Bacteroidetes， Bacteroidia， Bacteroidales， Muribaculaceae， and Muribaculum）. In addition， the model group presented reduced fecal SCFA levels （acetate， propionate， and butyrate） （P<0.05）. After the intervention of PRP decoction， compared to the model group， all drug administration groups showed decreased RI （P<0.05）， increased phenol red excretion， declined eosinophil and neutrophil counts and IL-6， IL-8， IgE， and IL-4 levels （P<0.05）， and improved IFN-γ levels （P<0.05） and lung pathology improved. The MUC5AC protein expression decreased （P<0.05）， and the AQP5 protein expression increased （P<0.05）. The disorder of gut microbiota was improved， and the diversity of gut microbiota was restored， with a significantly increased relative abundance ratio of beneficial microbiota （P<0.05） and a significantly reduced relative abundance ratio of harmful microbiota （P<0.05）. The SCFA levels （acetate， propionate， and butyrate） increased （P<0.05）. The efficacy indicators of serum inflammatory factors （IgE， IL-4， and IFN-γ）， phlegm-resolving effect， airway resistance， total pathological score， and the protein expression of MUC5AC and AQP5 were correlated with gut microbiota and SCFAs. ConclusionPRP decoction alleviates cold-phlegm syndrome by modulating the gut-lung axis， promoting beneficial gut microbiota， enhancing SCFA production， restoring the balance of gut microbiota， and suppressing respiratory inflammation. This study provides novel insights into the TCM theory of interconnection between the lung and large intestine.

The intensive care unit (ICU) is a highly equipment-intensive area with a wide variety of medical devices, and the accuracy and timeliness of medical equipment data collection are highly demanded. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into ICU medical devices is of great significance for enhancing the quality of medical care and nursing, as well as for the advancement of digital and intelligent ICUs. This study focuses on the construction of the IOT for ICU medical devices and proposes innovative solutions, including the overall architecture design, devices connection, data collection, data standardization, platform construction and application implementation. The overall architecture was designed according to the perception layer, network layer, platform layer and application layer; three modes of device connection and data acquisition were proposed; data standardization based on Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise-Patient Care Device (IHE-PCD) was proposed. This study was practically verified in the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, a total of 122 devices in four ICU wards were connected to the IoT, storing 21.76 billion data items, with a data volume of 12.5 TB, which solved the problem of difficult systematic medical equipment data collection and data integration in ICUs. The remarkable results achieved proved the feasibility and reliability of this study. The research results of this paper provide a solution reference for the construction of hospital ICU IoT, offer more abundant data for medical big data analysis research, which can support the improvement of ICU medical services and promote the development of ICU to digitalization and intelligence.
Intensive Care Units ; Internet of Things ; Humans ; Internet ; Data Collection