Background: Orthognathic surgery has become increasingly accurate with the integration of computerized technologies. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of custom-made plates in transferring the three-dimensional virtual plan to intraoperative maxillary repositioning. Methods: This study included 10 patients. A digital surgical simulation technique was used for preoperative planning. The surgical components— osteotomy/plates, locating guides, and customized titanium plates—were fabricated using computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques, replacing the need for a surgical splint. Postoperative outcomes were assessed using unaltered anatomical landmarks from the preoperative virtual plan. Absolute discrepancies in translational and rotational movements between the planned and actual postoperative positions were measured through superimposition analysis. This evaluation assessed the precision of custom-made plates in transferring the virtual surgical plan, identifying deviations in the cephalocaudal, mediolateral, and anteroposterior directions that could influence functional and esthetic outcomes. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed for any landmarks across the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The greatest variability was noted at the posterior nasal spine landmark in the axial plane (1.7 mm), compared with the coronal (0.9 mm) and sagittal (0.5 mm) planes. Conclusion Customized titanium plates effectively transferred the virtual surgical plan for maxillary repositioning without the need for an occlusal splint. However, potential posterior interference should be considered during surgical execution.

BACKGROUND: Burn injuries are characterized by extensive and prolonged inflammatory responses that impair wound healing, especially in deep burns. Understanding the post-burn fibroblast dynamics in wound healing is critical to improve recovery and minimize scarring. This study aimed to develop a 3D reconstructed human skin (RhS) burn model to mimic superficial, partial-thickness, and deep burn injuries and assess fibroblast behavior over one week. METHODS: RhS consisted of a reconstructed epidermis on a fibroblast populated collagen hydrogel dermis. Papillary (fibroblast activation protein; FAP ?) and reticular (FAP-) fibroblasts located themselves in the upper and lower regions respectively within the dermal compartment in line with native skin. Burns of increasing temperatures (70 °C, 110 °C, and 140 °C) were introduced and RhS was analyzed up to one-week post-burn. RESULTS: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) staining for metabolic active cells in tissue sections enabled distinct histological zones to be observed in RhS with partial (110 °C) and deep burns (140 °C): including a viable fibroblast zone (zone V), a mixed dead and viable fibroblast zone (zone M), and a necrotic zone (zone N). Fibroblast migration from the wound edge (M) into the viable area (V) and changes in fibroblast phenotype, particularly an increase in papillary fibroblast markers (FAP ?), were observed, with a marked increased expression of Ki67 in fibroblasts at the burn wound edge (M).Additionally, burn temperature influenced the protein secretion of inflammatory and tissue remodeling mediators SAA, NGAL, MRP8/13, ICAM-1, CCL20, and MMP-9. CONCLUSION The RhS burn model enables complex fibroblast dynamics post-burn to be investigated in an organotypic model, providing a platform for studying burn pathophysiology which can be used for evaluating potential therapeutic strategies for enhancing burn wound healing and minimizing scarring in the future.

Objective: This study aims at spotlighting different lines of management of aggressive vertebral hemangioma (VH) through a retrospective analysis of single center experience. Methods: Patients diagnosed with aggressive VHs in a tertiary referral center were reviewed from 2014 through 2024. Data of patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Patients of all ages, both sexes, and all varieties of clinical presentation were included, only patients who underwent at least one intervention were included. Results: The study included nine patients, comprising six females and three males, with a mean age of 29.3 years (ranging from 14 to 46). Six patients underwent Trans-arterial embolization (TAE), of whom five underwent further surgical procedures, while one patient found TAE to be sufficient as a stand-alone management technique. Eight patients underwent surgical management, five of whom were pre-operatively embolized. Conclusions Aggressive VHs are rare, and their management is challenging. Most cases require a multi-modal management, especially when presented with neurological deficit. Pre-operative embolization and/or vertebroplasty are safe and useful tools to decrease intra-operative bleeding of such a vascular pathology in cases undergoing open surgical procedures.

Objective: This study aims at spotlighting different lines of management of aggressive vertebral hemangioma (VH) through a retrospective analysis of single center experience. Methods: Patients diagnosed with aggressive VHs in a tertiary referral center were reviewed from 2014 through 2024. Data of patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Patients of all ages, both sexes, and all varieties of clinical presentation were included, only patients who underwent at least one intervention were included. Results: The study included nine patients, comprising six females and three males, with a mean age of 29.3 years (ranging from 14 to 46). Six patients underwent Trans-arterial embolization (TAE), of whom five underwent further surgical procedures, while one patient found TAE to be sufficient as a stand-alone management technique. Eight patients underwent surgical management, five of whom were pre-operatively embolized. Conclusions Aggressive VHs are rare, and their management is challenging. Most cases require a multi-modal management, especially when presented with neurological deficit. Pre-operative embolization and/or vertebroplasty are safe and useful tools to decrease intra-operative bleeding of such a vascular pathology in cases undergoing open surgical procedures.

Objective: This study aims at spotlighting different lines of management of aggressive vertebral hemangioma (VH) through a retrospective analysis of single center experience. Methods: Patients diagnosed with aggressive VHs in a tertiary referral center were reviewed from 2014 through 2024. Data of patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Patients of all ages, both sexes, and all varieties of clinical presentation were included, only patients who underwent at least one intervention were included. Results: The study included nine patients, comprising six females and three males, with a mean age of 29.3 years (ranging from 14 to 46). Six patients underwent Trans-arterial embolization (TAE), of whom five underwent further surgical procedures, while one patient found TAE to be sufficient as a stand-alone management technique. Eight patients underwent surgical management, five of whom were pre-operatively embolized. Conclusions Aggressive VHs are rare, and their management is challenging. Most cases require a multi-modal management, especially when presented with neurological deficit. Pre-operative embolization and/or vertebroplasty are safe and useful tools to decrease intra-operative bleeding of such a vascular pathology in cases undergoing open surgical procedures.

Blue light in the visible spectrum naturally fights bacteria and effectively deactivates various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi using photodynamic processes. It works against drug-resistant strains within these species and is gentler on mammalian cells than ultraviolet rays or chemicals. This study evaluated blue light as an affordable way to sanitize surfaces in poultry settings, such as eggs and litter. The study used an light-emitting diode array to remove harmful Esche¬richia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from these items and observed how blue light affected their survival rates. Blue light (455 nm) at 30 mW/cm2 for one hour decreased the survival of S. aureus and E. coli on solid agar plates to 29.88% and 21.04%, respectively, compared to non-irradiated cultures. Similarly, on untreated surfaces (such as plastic used for feeding and drinking), the survival rates dropped to 25.8% and 15.6%, respectively. The survival percentages on treated eggs were 50% (S. aureus) and 48.2% (E. coli) and 59% (S. aureus) and 36.46% (E. coli) on treated litter. Hence, blue light technology offers a promising alternative to traditional antimicrobial methods by leveraging specific wavelengths to target microbial cells. This approach can significantly reduce the microbial load in poultry environments, enhancing food safety and animal health. This paper reports the first use of blue light as an antibacterial within poultry research in Iraq, offering a fresh approach to disinfection in this field.

Background: and Purpose Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the cerebellar hemisphere represents a new option in treating essential tremor (ET) patients. We aimed to determine the efficacy of cerebellar rTMS in treating ET using different protocols regarding the number of sessions, exposure duration, and follow-up duration. Methods: A randomized sham-controlled trial was conducted, in which 45 recruit patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups. The first (active group) comprised 23 patients who were exposed to 12 sessions of active rTMS with 900 pulses of 1-Hz rTMS at 90% of the resting motor threshold daily on each side of the cerebellar hemispheres over 4 weeks. The second group (sham group) comprised 22 patients who were exposed to 12 sessions of sham rTMS. Both groups were reassessed at baseline and after 1 day, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor-rating scale (FTM). Results: Demographic characteristics did no differ between the two groups. There were significant reductions both in FTM subscores A and B and in the FTM total score in the active-rTMS group during the period of assessment and after 3 months (p=0.031 and 0.011, respectively).However, subscore C did not change significantly from baseline when assessed at 2 and 3 months (p=0.073 and 0.236, respectively). Furthermore, the global assessment score was significantly higher in the active-rTMS group (p>0.001). Conclusions Low-frequency rTMS over the cerebellar cortex for 1 month showed relative safety and long-lasting efficacy in patients with ET. Further large-sample clinical trials are needed that include different sites of stimulation and longer follow-ups.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has gained a lot of momentum in the last decades and has been applied to various fields of medicine. Advances in computer science, medical informatics, robotics, and the need for personalized medicine have facilitated the role of AI in modern healthcare. Similarly, as in other fields, AI applications, such as machine learning, artificial neural networks, and deep learning, have shown great potential in andrology and reproductive medicine. AI-based tools are poised to become valuable assets with abilities to support and aid in diagnosing and treating male infertility, and in improving the accuracy of patient care. These automated, AI-based predictions may offer consistency and efficiency in terms of time and cost in infertility research and clinical management. In andrology and reproductive medicine, AI has been used for objective sperm, oocyte, and embryo selection, prediction of surgical outcomes, cost-effective assessment, development of robotic surgery, and clinical decision-making systems. In the future, better integration and implementation of AI into medicine will undoubtedly lead to pioneering evidence-based breakthroughs and the reshaping of andrology and reproductive medicine.

BACKGROUND: In this study an approach was made to efficaciously synthesize gold enhanced titania nanorods by electrospinning. This study aims to address effects of gold enhanced titania nanorods on muscle precursor cells. Additionally, implant related microbial infections are prime cause of various disastrous diseases. So, there is predictable demand for synthesis of novel materials with multifunctional adaptability. METHODS: Herein, gold nanoparticles were attached on titania nanorods and described using many sophisticated procedures such as XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM. Antimicrobial studies were probed against Gram-negative Escherichia coli. C2C12 cell lines were exposed to various doses of as-prepared gold enhanced titania nanorods in order to test in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation. Cell sustainability was assessed through Cell Counting Kit–8 assay at regular intervals. A phase-contrast microscope was used to examine morphology of exposed C2C12 cells and confocal laser scanning microscope was used to quantify cell viability. RESULTS: The findings indicate that titania nanorods enhanced with gold exhibit superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to pure titania. Furthermore, newly synthesized gold-enhanced titania nanorods illustrate that cell viability follows a time and concentration dependent pattern. CONCLUSION Consequently, our study provides optimistic findings indicating that titania nanorods adorned with gold hold significant potential as foundational resource for developing forthcoming antimicrobial materials, suitable for applications both in medical and biomedical fields. This work also demonstrates that in addition to being extremely biocompatible, titania nanorods with gold embellishments may be used in a range of tissue engineering applications in very near future.

Blue light in the visible spectrum naturally fights bacteria and effectively deactivates various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi using photodynamic processes. It works against drug-resistant strains within these species and is gentler on mammalian cells than ultraviolet rays or chemicals. This study evaluated blue light as an affordable way to sanitize surfaces in poultry settings, such as eggs and litter. The study used an light-emitting diode array to remove harmful Esche¬richia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from these items and observed how blue light affected their survival rates. Blue light (455 nm) at 30 mW/cm2 for one hour decreased the survival of S. aureus and E. coli on solid agar plates to 29.88% and 21.04%, respectively, compared to non-irradiated cultures. Similarly, on untreated surfaces (such as plastic used for feeding and drinking), the survival rates dropped to 25.8% and 15.6%, respectively. The survival percentages on treated eggs were 50% (S. aureus) and 48.2% (E. coli) and 59% (S. aureus) and 36.46% (E. coli) on treated litter. Hence, blue light technology offers a promising alternative to traditional antimicrobial methods by leveraging specific wavelengths to target microbial cells. This approach can significantly reduce the microbial load in poultry environments, enhancing food safety and animal health. This paper reports the first use of blue light as an antibacterial within poultry research in Iraq, offering a fresh approach to disinfection in this field.