Supercooling preservation technology, as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of organ preservation, significantly reduces the metabolic rate of cells and inhibits ice crystal formation by placing organs in a low-temperature environment near or below the freezing point. This technology extends the preservation time of organs and maintains their biological activity. Compared with the traditional low-temperature preservation at 4 °C, supercooling preservation effectively avoids cell damage and the accumulation of metabolic products, demonstrating significant advantages in the preservation of cells, tissues and organs. In recent years, important progress has been made in the optimization of cryoprotectants, the application of antifreeze proteins, the improvement of vitrification technology, and the development of nanotechnology-based rewarming techniques. These advancements provide new pathways to address the challenges of toxicity, ice crystal formation and uneven rewarming rates during supercooling preservation. This review summarizes the basic principles of supercooling preservation, the application of key technologies, and their practical effects in organ transplantation. It also analyzes the challenges of toxicity and rewarming efficiency, aiming to provide theoretical support and research directions for the future optimization of organ low-temperature preservation technology and its clinical application.

Objective To integrate and analyze the disease burden of esophageal cancer caused by alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019, along with the differences between genders, and predict the trends in disease burden changes from 2020 to 2029 to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The disease burden of esophageal cancer caused by alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019 was extracted and integrated from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, and the corresponding trend was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model with Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software. The gray prediction model [GM (1, 1) ] was used to forecast the disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China from 2020 to 2029. Results In 2019, the leading causes of esophageal cancer in China were tobacco, alcohol, high body mass index, and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, accounting for the first to fifth positions in esophageal cancer deaths. From a gender perspective, in 2019, the death number and standardized mortality rate for males were 18.97 times and 20.00 times higher than for females, respectively. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and standardized DALYs rate for males were 33.08 times and 24.78 times higher than those for females, respectively, indicating a heavier disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer among Chinese males. From 1990 to 2019, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in deaths and DALYs due to alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China was 2.08% and 1.63%, respectively, showing a continuous upward trend with statistical significance (P<0.05). The AAPC values for standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2019 were –0.92% and –1.23%, respectively, showing a continuous downward trend with statistical significance (P<0.05). The population aged ≥55 years was the main group bearing the disease burden among all age groups from 1990 to 2019. The gray prediction model predicted that by 2029, the overall standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate would decrease to 2.94/100 000and 67.94/100 000, with a greater decline in females than in males. Conclusion Over the past 30 years, the disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China has slightly decreased. However, the reduction in disease burden is still lower compared to the overall decline in esophageal cancer burden, and the disease burden for males is significantly higher than for females. Focusing on prevention and treatment for males and the elderly population remains a major issue in addressing alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084 , 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23 %, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14 % and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk ( OR =1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P <0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations ( OR =0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

Zi goose is a small local variety with high fecundity,good meat quality,roughage resist-ance,strong adaptability and excellent down quality.It is an excellent female parent for cross breeding among varieties.With the rapid development of goose industry,the variety of Zi goose has not been well protected,the variety is hybrid and degraded seriously,and the number of pure Zi goose is decreasing day by day.This paper reviewed the research progress on the breeding distribu-tion and preservation status of Zi goose and the variety characteristics of Zi goose,in order to pro-vide reference for the research,protection and utilization of germplasm resources of Zi goose and the stable development of goose industry.

Objectives:To analyze the disease burden and changing trends of non-rheumatic valvular heart disease(NRVHD)from 1990 to 2019 in China. Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database,we collected data related to NRVHD in China from 1990 to 2019,analyzed the crude incidence rate,crude prevalence rate,crude disability-adjusted life year(DALY),and age-scaled rate of NRVHD during this period,and analyzed the corresponding trends.The grey prediction model GM(1,1)was used to predict the disease burden of NRVHD in China from 2020 to 2029. Results:The crude incidence,crude prevalence,and crude DALY rates of NRVHD increased in China from 7.87/100 000,123.21/100 000,and 9.83/100 000 in 1990 to 22.85/100 000,374.16/100 000,and 11.95/100 000 in 2019;the age-standardized incidence rate and the age-standardized prevalence rate increased from 9.22/100 000 and 169.04/100 000 in 1990 to 15.30/100000 and 262.85/100 000 in 2019 respectively,with females being higher than males;the age-standardized DALY rate declined from 13.43/100 000 in 1990 to 9.07/100 000 in 2019,with females being higher than males.Joinpoint regression model analysis showed an increasing trend in the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized prevalence rate,and a decreasing trend in the age-standardized DALY rate(annual average percentage change[AAPC]values of 1.86%,1.72%and-1.66%,respectively),trend of change was statistically significant(all P<0.05).The burden of disease for all age groups from 1990 to 2019 showed an overall increasing trend,and the crude incidence rate,crude prevalence rate and crude DALY rate all increased with age,and the elderly group over 60 years old was the main group of disease burden.The results of the grey prediction model showed that by 2029,the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized prevalence rate would increase to 18.51/100 000 and 303.26/100 000,respectively,and the age-standardized DALY rate would decrease to 7.42/100 000. Conclusions:From 1990 to 2019,the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized prevalence rate of NRVHD in China showed an increasing trend,and the age-standardized DALY rate all showed a decreasing trend.The disease burden of NRVHD in China remains high.Women and the senior population are the main target groups needing special attention in China,and more targeted prevention and treatment strategies are needed for high-risk population.

Port-wine stains (PWS) are one of the common congenital vascular malformations in dermatology, clinically manifesting as pink or red irregular patches occurring on the skin or mucosa at birth or shortly thereafter, which are often not elevated above the skin surface. In a minority of patients, vascular malformations not only affect the skin, but also involve the eyes, brain, limbs and viscera. These patients are at risk for glaucoma, epilepsy, limb pain, and other clinical conditions. In general, these conditions are referred to as PWS-associated syndromes. These syndromes are rare diseases, can affect multiple systems and exhibit a variety of clinical manifestations, which pose challenges in their diagnosis and treatment. This review focuses on the clinical manifestations, diagnoses, pathogenesis and treatment of PWS-associated syndromes.

Port-wine stains (PWS) are vascular malformations characterized by dilated capillaries and postcapillary venules in the skin. Clinically, they mainly manifest as pink or red irregular patches, most of which may become thickened, darkened in color, or even develop into nodules over age, making treatment more challenging. The mechanisms underlying the development and progression of PWS are not very clear, and may be related to heredity, gene mutations, abnormal ratios of blood vessels to nerves, etc. This review summarizes research progress in the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of PWS, so as to provide a theoretical basis for their treatment.

Objective To explore the value of tissue Doppler imaging(TDI)corrected diaphragm ultrasonic parameters for evaluating diaphragmatic function in dyspnea patients who underwent non-invasive mechanical ventilation.Methods Thirty-one acute dyspnea patients who underwent non-invasive mechanical ventilation less than 1 h(non-invasive ventilation group)and 31 healthy subjects(control group)were prospectively enrolled,and ultrasound of diaphragm was performed.Routine diaphragmatic parameters,including diaphragm displacement(DD),diaphragm thickness of end-expiratory(DTee),diaphragm thickness of end-inspiratory(DTei)and diaphragm thickening fraction(DTF)were measured and calculated,while peak systolic velocity of diaphragm(DPSV)and peak diastolic velocity of diaphragm(DPDV)were measured using TDI mode.Based on DD and DTF after rapid shallow breathing index(RSBI),DD-RSBI and DTF-RSBI were corrected,DPSV-RSBI and DPDV-RSBI were obtained by calculating product of DPSV and DPDV with respiratory rate,respectively.The index of compensatory work of diaphragm during systole(DD/DPSV and DTF/DPSV)and diastole(DD/DPDV and DTF/DPDV)were obtained by corrected DD and DTF with DPSV and DPDV,respectively.The ultrasonic parameters of diaphragm were compared between groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonic parameters of diaphragm for assessing diaphragmatic function in dyspnea patients who underwent non-invasive mechanical ventilation.Results DPSV,DPDV,DD-RSBI,DTF-RSBI,DPSV-RSBI and DPDV-RSBI in non-invasive ventilation group were all higher,while DD/DPSV,DD/DPDV,DTF/DPSV and DTF/DPDV were all lower than those in control group(all P＜0.05).No significant difference of DD,DTee,DTei nor DTF was found between groups(all P＞0.05).DPSV-RSBI and DPDV-RSBI had excellent efficacy for assessing diaphragmatic function in dyspnea patients after non-invasive mechanical ventilation(AUC=0.974,0.919),DPSV,DD-RSBI,DTF-RSBI,DD/DPSV and DTF/DPSV had good efficacy(AUC 0.760-0.881),while DD,DPDV,DTee,DTei,DTF,DD/DPDV and DTF/DPDV had bad or general efficacy(AUC 0.467-0.698).Conclusion TDI corrected diaphragm ultrasonic parameters could effectively evaluate diaphragmatic function in dyspnea patients who underwent non-invasive mechanical ventilation.

Purpose To explore the cardioprotective effect of cang-ai volatile oil(CAVO)on rats with cardiac function impairment model under low-pressure and low-oxygen environment in Tibet Plateau based on 7.0T cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)imaging.Materials and Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group,the high altitude model group,the CAVO-treated group and the rhodiola rosea-treated group,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the normal group,the rats in other groups were transferred from the plain(500 m above sea level)to the Tibet Plateau(4 250 m above sea level)for two months,and then administered with the corresponding drugs by gavage for 14 d.The left ventricle function was measured by using a 7.0T high-field strength CMR and myocardial strain was analysed by using tissue tracing technique.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of cardiomyocytes,Masson staining to observe interstitial fibrosis,wheat germ agglutinin staining to observe cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,and transmission electron microscopy to observe the morphological changes of mitochondria in each group.Serum levels of creatine kinase,creatine kinase isoenzyme,lactate dehydrogenase,cardiac troponin T,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase were detected.Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were detected using flow cytometry.Results The left ventricular ejection fraction of rats in the CAVO-treated group was higher than that of the high altitude model group[(66.61±1.38)％vs.(60.94±3.21)％;t=3.969,P=0.032];meanwhile,the global circumferential strain of the left ventricle in the CAVO-treated group was higher than that of the high altitude model group(-25.68±1.30 vs.-22.84±1.17;t=3.967,P=0.003).HE,Masson and wheat germ agglutinin staining showed hypertrophy and necrosis as well as interstitial fibrosis and ultrastructural disruption of cardiomyocytes in the high altitude model group,which improved after CAVO treatment.The level of cardiac troponin T in the serum of rats with CAVO treatment group was significantly decreased compared with that of the high altitude model group[(314.03±20.05)pg/ml vs.(518.30±18.13)pg/ml;1=13.090,P=0.001].Conclusion CAVO treatment can reduce cardiac injury caused by low-pressure hypoxia in high altitude,and its effect can be detected dynamically and non-invasively by 7.0T high-field strength CMR.

Objective:To analyze the bubble dynamic characteristics of shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming(SWEEPS)technique in free water region under different temporay delays.Methods:The Er∶YAG laser tip was activated in free water model with SWEEPS mode at 150-600 μs pulse delay.The bubble dynamic process during irrigation was recorded by a high-speed camera(200 000 Hz).Matlab was used to analyze the interaction between bubble made by the dual pulses frame by frame.The distance between bubble remnants and laser tip was measured before the bubble disappeared.The experimental data were statisti-cally analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results:In free water region,different temporal delays caused different interaction between the bub-bles activated by the SWEEPS technique with a dual pulse modality.The interactions include bubble fusion,bubble collision and bubble separation.When the temporal delay between 360-440 μs,bubble collision was the most violent,and the farthest distance between bubble remnants and laser tip was reached.Conclusion:In free water region,the dual pulse of SWEEPS technique can lead to bubble interaction which may enhance the cavitation effect of Er∶YAG laser irrigation,and improve the debridement in clinic ap-plication.