ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanism of Wei's Huoxue Tongluo Formula （韦氏活血通络方，WHTF） in treating atrophic-stage non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy （NAION） with qi deficiency and blood stasis. MethodsA total of 82 atrophic-stage NAION patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group， with 41 cases in each group. The treatment group was given oral administration of WHTF twice a day plus acupoint injection of distilled water 2 ml at Taiyang （EX-HN5） once daily， while the control group received injection of compound anisodine injection 2 ml at Taiyang （EX-HN5） once daily and oral administration of WHTF placebo twice a day. Both groups received treatment for a course of 14 days. The best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA）， optic disc perfusion density （PD）， flux index （FI）， macular superficial PD， vascular density （VD）， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores were compared between groups before treatment and on day 7 and day 14 of treatment. Additionally， mean defect （MD） and mean sensitivity （MS） of visual fields were measured before treatment and on day 14， along with safety evaluation. ResultsAfter treatment， both groups showed significant improvement in BCVA， visual field MD and MS， and TCM syndrome scores （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. On day 14 of treatment， the TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant improvement in optic disc PD and FI， and macular superficial PD and VD after treatment in either group （P＞0.05） except that on day 7 the macular superficial foveal PD in the control group was significantly better than that in the treatment group （P＜0.05）. During the treatment period， no serious adverse events occurred in either group. ConclusionWHTF can improve the visual function indicators including visual acuity and visual field， as well as TCM syndrome scores in atrophic-stage NAION patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis. It shows clinical safety， although it does not appear to have a significant effect on optic disc or macular blood flow.

Objective To analyze the disease burden and trends of bladder cancer in China and globally from 1992 to 2021.  Methods Using the GBD 2021 database, the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of bladder cancer in China and globally from 1992–2021 were analyzed. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated using Joinpoint regression. Subgroup analyses by sex and age were conducted, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict trends in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for the next 15 years.  Results In 2021, China reported 106 000 new cases (ASIR: 5.14/100 000), 571 000 prevalent cases (age-standardized prevalence rate, ASPR: 26.61/100 000), 43 000 deaths (ASMR: 2.34/100 000), and a DALY rate of 45.31/100 000. From 1992–2021, China showed upward trends in ASIR and ASPR but declines in ASMR and DALYs, while global ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs decreased overall with slow ASPR growth. The peak cases in China and globally were both concentrated in the 65-79 age group, with a significantly higher burden on males than females. In China, smoking-related ASMR and ASDR exceeded global averages and rose, whereas high glucose-related indexes were lower and declined. Projections for 2021–2036 indicated that the global incidence and mortality rates would be rising, but ASIR/ASPR would be declining, while in China, the incidence rate would continue to rise, and the mortality rate will stabilize, with a significant increase in ASIR and a gradual decrease in ASPR.  Conclusion From 1992 to 2021, the incidence of bladder cancer in China has shown a continuous upward trend and is projected to persist in the future, with significant gender and age differences. Particular attention should be given to elderly males aged 85-89. The disease burden of bladder cancer attributable to smoking continues to rise, highlighting the urgent need to strengthen tobacco control policies.

Objective To explore the relationship between intestinal flora imbalance and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to analyze the related influencing factors. Methods A total of 310 patients with COPD who were admitted to Air Force Military Medical University Tangdu Hospital from June 2022 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on intestinal flora status, the enrolled patients were classified into imbalance group (n=83) and non-imbalance group (n=227). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the independent related factors of intestinal flora imbalance in COPD patients. Based on the above factors, a prediction model was constructed, and ROC curve analysis model was applied to analyze the predictive value of the model on intestinal flora imbalance. Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, IL-6, albumin, pulmonary function, long-term bed rest and long-term use of antibiotics were related to intestinal flora imbalance in COPD patients (all P<0.05). ROC results of the Logistic prediction model showed that the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and 95%CI were 0.961, 0.880, 0.996 and 0.932-0.989 respectively. Conclusion The intestinal flora imbalance in patients with COPD is closely related to lung function, age, inflammatory status, nutritional indicators, activity ability and antibiotic use.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Shenmai injection in improving cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） based on the endoplasmic reticulum stress through protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）/activated transcription factor 4 （ATF4）/C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） signaling pathway. MethodsBALB/c nude mice bearing cisplatin-resistant human lung cancer cell line （A549/cisplatin） were randomly divided into four groups： Blank control group （0.9% sodium chloride）， cisplatin group （5 µg·g^-1cisplatin）， Shenmai injection group （5.2 mg·g^-1 Shenmai injection）， and combination therapy group （5.2 mg·g^-1 Shenmai injection +5 µg·g^-1cisplatin）. The drug intervention lasted for 4 weeks， and the changes in body weight and tumor volume were monitored. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe tumor tissue pathology. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was used to assess the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum. Immunohistochemical assay was conducted to measure the positive expressions of PERK， ATF4， and CHOP in tumor tissues. Western blot quantified the protein expression of immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein （BIP）， PERK， phosphorylated PERK （p-PERK）， eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α （eIF2α）， phosphorylated eIF2α （p-eIF2α）， ATF4， CHOP， B-cell lymphoma -2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2 Associated X protein （Bax）. A549/cis cells were divided into blank group： Blank control group （normal culture medium）， cisplatin group （23.3 µmol·L^-1 cisplatin）， Shenmai Injection group （20 g·L^-1 Shenmai injection）， and combination therapy group （20 g·L^-1 Shenmai injection+23.3 µmol·L^-1 cisplatin）. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to detect cell viability， TEM was used to observe the morphology of endoplasmic reticulum， and Western blot was used to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis-related proteins. ResultsCompared with the cisplatin group， the combination therapy group showed increased body weight （P<0.05）， decreased tumor volume （P<0.05）， and expanded endoplasmic reticulum in tumor cells. The positive expressions of PERK， ATF4， and CHOP increased （P<0.05）. Western blot revealed elevated protein expression levels of BIP， p-PERK/PERK， p-eIF2α/eIF2α， ATF4， CHOP， and Bax （P<0.05）， while Bcl-2 expression decreased （P<0.05）. As shown in the in vitro experiment， compared with the cisplatin group， the combination therapy group exhibited a reduced cell survival rate （P<0.05）. TEM revealed increased endoplasmic reticulum dilation and vesicular degeneration. Western blotting showed increased protein levels of BIP， p-PERK/PERK， p-eIF2α/eIF2α， ATF4， CHOP and Bax （P<0.05）， with decreased Bcl-2 expression （P<0.05）. ConclusionShenmai injection combined with cisplatin has a synergistic antitumor effect in NSCLC， which may be attributed to the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response mediated by the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in Yichang City from 2015 to 2023 and evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in infectious disease prevention and control, and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze annual incidence rates. SARIMA and SARIMA intervention models were constructed to predict the incidence rates of infectious diseases. Interrupted time series analysis (ITS) was applied to assess the control effectiveness. Results The average annual incidence rate from 2015 to 2023 was 787.47/100 000, with the top five diseases being influenza, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases. The average incidence rate from 2015 to 2019 (654.31/100 000) was significantly higher than that from 2020 to 2022 (489.01/100 000) (χ²= 3 499.6, P < 0.05). The total incidence rate in 2023 (2 396.51/100 000) was significantly higher than the average annual incidence rates from 2015-2019 (χ²= 108 186.1, P < 0.05) and 2020-2022 (χ²= 112 869.4, P < 0.05). SARIMA model results indicated that the actual incidence rate from 2020 to 2022 decreased by 73.49% compared to the predicted rate without intervention, with the highest decline observed in respiratory infectious diseases (79.57%). The SARIMA-intervention model showed a 55.48% relative decrease in the total incidence rate for 2023, with the largest reduction in respiratory infectious diseases (63.28%) and a slight increase in intestinal infectious diseases (5.48%). Conclusion NPIs effectively reduce the incidence of statutory infectious diseases in the short term, especially for acute respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. However, long-term effectiveness faces challenges, necessitating the development of differentiated prevention and control strategies.

AIM:To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of sesamin(SES)on fatty liver disease in rats with hypertension combined with dyslipidemia,and to explore the potential mecha-nisms based on mRNA-seq.METHODS:Spontane-ously hypertensive rats(SHRs)were fed a high-fat,high-cholesterol diet to establish a rat model of hy-pertension combined with dyslipidemia,and then treated with SES for 16 weeks continuously.The ex-periment was divided into four groups:WKY,SHR,Model,and Model+SES(160 mg·kg-1·d-1).Blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method.Body weight was monitored,and body mass index was calculated.Liver morphology was detected by ultrasound,and liver thickness was measured.Liver wet weight was weighed,and liver index was calcu-lated.Liver volume was detected by the water dis-placement method.Serum triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate amino-transferase(AST),and total bile acids(TBA)were de-tected by ELISA.Liver sequencing analysis was per-formed using mRNA-seq.Liver histomorphological changes were observed by HE staining.The degree of hepatic steatosis was observed by Oil Red O stain-ing,and the degree of hepatic fibrosis was observed by MASSON staining.The mRNA expression of Al-dh1a7,Nnmt,Irs2,Pltp,and Scd was detected by q-PCR.The protein expression of Scd,Nnmt,AMPK,p-AMPK,PPARα,and PPARγ was detected by Western blotting.RESULTS:After 16 weeks of continuous SES administration to rats with hypertension combined with dyslipidemia,blood pressure was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and body weight was decreased.Serum TG,TC,and LDL-C levels were decreased,while HDL-C levels were increased.Serum ALT and AST levels were decreased.Liver weight,organ in-dex,liver thickness,and liver volume were de-creased.The degree of hepatic steatosis and hepat-ic fibrosis was improved.A total of 545 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the livers of rats in each group,of which 278 were upregulated and 267 were downregulated.Among the 27 com-monly differentially expressed mRNAs,five mRNAs related to lipid metabolism were screened,namely Aldh1a7,Nnmt,Irs2,Pltp,and Scd.KEGG enrich-ment analysis showed that the enriched pathways were AMPK and PPAR.Further validation revealed that in the SES-treated group,the mRNA expression of Scd in the liver was decreased,while the mRNA expression of Nnmt was increased.The protein ex-pression of Scd was decreased,while the protein ex-pression of Nnmt,AMPK,p-AMPK,PPARα,and PPARγ was increased.CONCLUSION:SES has preven-tive and therapeutic effects on fatty liver disease in rats with hypertension combined with dyslipidemia,and its mechanism of action may be related to the reduction of Scd expression levels in the liver and the increase in the expression of Nnmt,AMPK,p-AMPK,PPARα,and PPARγ.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the hemoglobin glycation index(HGI)and the severity of intraplaque neovascularization(IPN)in patients with mild-to-moderate carotid artery stenosis.Methods This study retrospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with mild-to-moderate carotid artery stenosis(＜70%narrowing)hospitalized in the Department of Neurology at the Hefei Second People's Hospital between June,2020 and June,2024.Demographic data(age,gender),personal history(smoking,drinking),cerebrovascular risk factors(hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia),body mass index,and laboratory indicators from fasting venous blood collected on the second morning of hospital admission(neutrophils,lymphocytes,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet count,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),homocysteine,blood glucose,and glycated hemoglobin[HbA1c])were collected and compared.A univariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels measured on the second day after admission,yielding the prediction formula:predicted HbA1c(%)=0.571×fasting blood glucose(mmol/L)+3.125.Subsequently,HGI was calculated through:HGI=actual HbA1c-predicted HbA1c.Carotid ultrasound was used to measure patients'carotid intima-media thickness,and,plaque location,thickness(maximum plaque diameter),length,echogenicity,and resistance index.For patients with multiple plaques,the thickest plaque was selected as the target plaque.Using the AngioPLUS mode of carotid ultrasound,dynamically observe for presence of IPN at the filling defect of the carotid artery plaque.The IPN condition of the target plaque was then assessed,including the number,location,morphology(e.g.,punctate,short linear,etc.),and spectral Doppler characteristics of the new blood vessels.The IPN signals were counted and scored according to the following criteria:absence of high-echogenicity blood flow signals in the target carotid artery plaque indicating no neovascularization,was scored as 0 point;the presence of fewer than 4 punctate or short linear hyperechoic blood flow signals within the target plaque was scored as 1 point;the presence of diffusely distributed(≥4)short linear or strip-like hyperechoic blood flow signals within the plaque was scored as 2 points.A higher IPN score indicates a more severe degree of IPN.Patients with an IPN score of 0-1 were categorized as the low IPN score group,while those with an IPN score of 2 were classified as the high IPN score group.Indicators with statistically significant differences between the two groups in the univariate analysis and exhibited no multicollinearity were included in the multivariate binary Logistic regression model to analyze the relationship between HGI and the severity of carotid IPN.Results A total of 387 patients(222 males and 165 females,with a mean age of[70±10]years)with mild-to-moderate carotid artery stenosis were included in this study.Among the 387 patients enrolled,97 were in the low IPN score group,while 290 were in the high IPN score group.(1)The high IPN score group exhibited significantly higher average age([71±10]years vs.[67±10]years),higher prevalence of hypertension(79.7%[231/290]vs.67.0%[65/97]),higher prevalence of diabetes(37.6%[109/290]vs.14.4%[14/97]),greater plaque thickness(2.40[2.00,3.10]mm vs.2.30[1.80,2.70]mm),higher HbA1c levels(6.25%[5.70%,7.20%]vs.5.80%[5.50%,6.40%]),and higher HGI values(-0.05%[-0.39%,0.46%]vs.-0.29%[-0.56%,-0.10%])in comparison to the low IPN score group(all P＜0.05).Additionally,the high IPN score group had significantly lower lymphocyte ratios([27.75±9.19]%vs.[30.17±9.04]%)and lower LDL-C levels([2.19±0.81]mmol/L vs.[2.43±0.91]mmol/L;both P＜0.05).(2)The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age(OR,1.031,95%CI 1.004-1.060,P=0.027),HGI(OR,1.782,95%CI 1.066-2.979,P=0.028),and plaque thickness(OR,1.750,95%CI 1.229-2.490,P=0.002)were independent influencing factors associated with the severity of IPN in the mild-to-moderate carotid artery stenosis.Conclusions High HGI may serve as an independent risk factor for the severe IPN in patients with mild-to-moderate carotid artery stenosis.However,the findings of this study require further validation through multi-center,large-scale,prospective clinical trials.

Objective:To observe and explore the therapeutic effect of ankle brain computer interface therapy based on motor imagination on the rehabilitation of lower limb motor function and balance ability in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Method:Total 40 patients with hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method,with 20 people in each group.Both groups received con-ventional clinical medicine and conventional rehabilitation treatment.The control group was given additional an-kle stretching robot training,once a day,30min/times,for 2 weeks.The experimental group was given addition-al foot and ankle brain-computer interface treatment based on movement imagination,once a day,30min/time,for 2 weeks,before treatment.After 2 weeks of treatment(after treatment),the Hoggan Micro FET3 tester was used to measure the back flexion muscle strength and active joint range of motion(AROM);Clinical evaluation was conducted using the modified Ashworth muscle tension scale(MAS),Fugl-Meyer lower limb movement score(FMA-LE),Berg balance scale(BBS),functional walking scale(FAC),and 6-minute walk test(6MWT).Result:Three patients in the control group and three patients in the experimental group dropped off.After 2 weeks of treatments,significant improvements were observed on the dorsiflexion muscle strength,dorsiflexion AROM,FMA-LE,BBS,FAC,and 6MWT(P<0.05)in the two groups.The MAS of the experimental group improved significantly(P<0.05)compared with that before treatment.After treatment,there were significant differ-ences in AROM,FMA-LE,and BBS between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Motor imagery-foot and ankle brain-computer interface therapy can effectively improve lower limb motor function and balance in stroke hemiplegic patients.

Objective:To establish a rapid method for determination of iodine in water by sodium persulfate oxidation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Methods:A 100 μl of 30% sodium persulfate solution was added to 10 ml of water sample, followed by reaction at room temperature for 30 min. A 50 μg/L mixed solution containing indium and 8 other elements was used as the internal standard solution. The flow ratio of the internal standard solution to the test solution was 1∶7. The iodine in water was determined by ICP-MS. The linear range, detection limit, accuracy, precision, and anti-interference ability of the method were evaluated.Results:Iodine in water could be determined and had a good linear relationship within the range of 0 - 100 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient ( r) of ≥0.999 9. The detection limits of potassium iodate and potassium iodide were 0.07 and 0.08 μg/L, respectively, and the quantitation limits were 0.24 and 0.26 μg/L, respectively. The low, medium, and high concentration spiked recovery rates of six substrate water samples (source water, treated water, end-use water, packaged drinking water, packaged mineral water, and natural mineral water) ranged from 94.0% to 104.0%, with a relative standard deviations ( RSD) ranged from 0.5% to 2.8%. Interference test confirmed that 29 elements (at 1.00 mg/L) did not affect the determination of iodine at 6.00 μg/L. The determination results of the standard substance (GBW09114K) for iodine content in water were all within the standard range (56.0 - 68.0 μg/L), with an RSD of 0.6%. Conclusions:A method for rapid determination of iodine in water by the sodium persulfate oxidation ICP-MS method is successfully established. This method is easy to operate, has high sensitivity and good accuracy, and is suitable for batch analysis of iodine in drinking water and mineral water.

Aim To investigate the impact of G pro-tein-coupled estrogen receptor 1(GPER1),also known as GPR30 playing a significant role in the nerv-ous system,on neuronal damage and cognitive dysfunc-tion following epileptic seizures.Methods The pro-tein expression levels of GPER1 and the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX in epileptic rats were assessed using Western blot.The hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy models were evaluated using Nissl and TUNEL staining techniques,compared with GPER1 knockdown(GPER1-KD)rats with wild-type(WT)controls.The behavioral activi-ties,including memory and spatial learning,were mo-nitored during the chronic phase of epilepsy using the IntelliCage system.Results Compared to the control group,GPER1 protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus significantly increased 24 hours post-epilepsy onset.In the GPER1-KD+EP group,hipp-ocampal neuronal damage was more severe,with a sig-nificant increase in apoptotic neurons compared to the WT+EP group.The IntelliCage data revealed that during free exploration,nose contact,position learn-ing,and reverse position learning stages in the GPER1-KD+EP group exhibited fewer visits and a higher error rate than in the WT+EP group.Conclu-sions Deficiency in GPER1 impairs memory and spa-tial learning abilities following epilepsy,potentially due to exacerbated neuronal injury,apoptosis,and inflam-mation.GPER1 represents a promising therapeutic tar-get for mitigating post-epileptic nerve damage and cog-nitive impairment.