Objective To analyze the relationship of protein intake level with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its influence on prognosis. Methods A total of 325 patients with DKD admitted from June 2021 to June 2024 were included and classified into a low protein group and a high protein group. The levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were compared between the two groups of patients before follow-up and after 1 year of follow-up. The correlation was analyzed by linear mixed model. The incidence of endpoint events during follow-up and disease progression-free survival time were compared between the two groups. Results The inflammatory indicators exhibited no statistical differences between the two groups before follow-up (P>0.05). After 1 year of follow-up, the levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the two groups were higher than those before follow-up, and the levels in the high protein group were higher than those in the low protein group (P<0.05). Linear mixed model analysis suggested that the protein intake level, time, and the interaction term of protein intake level × time were correlated with the changes of hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels (P<0.05). The incidence rate of endpoint events in the high-protein group during follow-up was 24.84% (40/161), which was significantly higher than 12.80% (21/164) in the low-protein group (χ²=7.724, P=0.005). The disease progression-free survival time was longer in the low-protein group than that in the high-protein group (Log Rank χ²=9.007, P=0.003). Conclusion The level of protein intake in patients with diabetic kidney disease is closely related to inflammatory response and prognosis.

Objective Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 504 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who were treated in a hospital from April 2021 to April 2024. The occurrence of liver cancer was counted. The risk factors of liver cancer in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 504 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, 101 patients developed liver cancer and 403 patients did not develop liver cancer, which were included in the liver cancer group (n=101) and the non-liver cancer group (n=403).. Among hepatitis B cirrhosis, the incidence rate of liver cancer was 20.04%. Compared with the non-liver cancer group, the proportion of patients with long-term drinking history, family history of liver cancer, history of diabetes mellitus, antiviral therapy, and HBV-DNA load>104 were higher in the liver cancer group (P<0.05). logistic regression analysis found that long-term drinking history (OR=3.077, 95%CI: 1.130-8.378, P=0.028), history of diabetes mellitus (OR=3.747, 95%CI: 1.765-7.954, P=0.001), no antiviral therapy (OR=3.466, 95%CI: 1.337-8.985, P=0.011) and HBV-DNA load>104 (OR=3.149, 95%CI: 1.353-7.328, P=0.008) could independently affect the occurrence of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. Conclusion According to logistic regression analysis, long-term drinking history, history of diabetes mellitus, no antiviral therapy, and HBV-DNA load>104 are risk factors for liver cancer in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis.

Objective To explore the occurrence and development trajectories of symptoms at different time points in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), and to analyze the influencing factors and preventive measures of development trajectories of AP symptom clusters. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select AP who were admitted from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected and included in the study. The symptoms at different time points were recorded. The severities of symptom clusters in AP patients were explored, and the development trajectories of main symptom clusters were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of development trajectories of symptom clusters in AP patients. Results The incidence rates of abdominal pain, dry mouth, abdominal distension and lack of energy were higher in AP patients during hospitalization. The incidence rates of lack of energy, anxiety, abdominal pain and sleep disturbance were higher on the 1^st month after discharge. The incidence rates of abdominal distension, abdominal pain, sleep disturbance and anxiety were higher on the 3^rd month after discharge. The incidence rates of anxiety, abdominal pain and irritability were higher on the 6^th month after discharge. The fatigue symptom cluster, psychological symptom cluster and gastrointestinal symptom cluster were extracted during hospitalization and on the 1^st month and the 3^rd month after discharge, and the psychological symptom cluster and gastrointestinal symptom cluster were extracted on the 6^th month. The severity scores of symptom clusters at each time point were statistically different (P<0.05). The development of gastrointestinal symptom cluster in AP patients was mainly low decline. The development of psychological symptom cluster was mainly high decline. Drinking history and diabetes mellitus were the influencing factors of development trajectory of gastrointestinal symptom cluster in AP patients (P<0.05). High disease severity, drinking history and biliary tract disease were the influencing factors of development trajectory of psychological symptom cluster in AP patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The symptom clusters of AP patients changes over time, with digestive, fatigue, and psychological symptoms being the main groups in the early stage, and psychological and digestive symptoms persisting in the later stage. Early identification and intervention are crucial for improving the prognosis of AP patients.

Objective:To evaluate the role of uncoupling protein 2 in dexmedetomidine-induced alleviation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic mice.Methods:SPF C57BL/6 male mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, in which the model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was established by high-fat feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, were used in this study. Ninety diabetic mice were divided into 5 groups ( n=18 each) by a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), myocardial I/R group, myocardial I/R+ UCP2 inhibitor genipin group (I/R+ G group), myocardial I/R+ dexmedetomidine group (I/R+ D group) and myocardial I/R+ dexmedetomidine+ UCP2 inhibitor genipin group (I/R+ DG group). Myocardial I/R injury model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of diabetic mice for 60 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 20 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 5 min prior to reperfusion in I/R+ D group. Genipin 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 14 h prior to ischemia, and dexmedetomidine 20 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 5 min prior to reperfusion in I/R+ D+ G group. The concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 120 min of reperfusion. The myocardial tissue was obtained for determination of the myocardial infarct size, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (by flow cytometry), and the expression of UCP2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitory protein α (IκBα), phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) (by Western blot) and for observation of the morphological structure of the myocardial tissue. The cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography at 24 h of reperfusion. Results:Compared with group S, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and level of ROS were significantly increased, the concentrations of cTnI, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were increased, the expression of UCP2 was up-regulated, the p-IκBα/IκBα ratio and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratio were increased, the stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) were decreased ( P<0.05), and the myocardial structure was severely damaged in group I/R. Compared with group I/R, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and level of ROS were significantly decreased, the concentrations of cTnI, TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased, the concentration of IL-10 was increased, the expression of UCP2 was up-regulated, the p-IκBα/IκBα ratio and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratio were decreased, the SV, EF and FS were increased ( P<0.05), and the pathological damage was significantly attenuated in group I/R+ D. Compared with group I/R+ D, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and level of ROS were significantly increased, the concentrations of cTnI, TNF-α and IL-6 were increased, the concentration of IL-10 was decreased, the expression of UCP2 was down-regulated, the p-IκBα/IκBα ratio and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratio were increased, the SV, EF and FS were decreased ( P<0.05), and the pathological damage was aggravated in group I/R+ D+ G. Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine may ameliorate myocardial I/R injury by up-regulating UCP2 expression in the myocardium and inhibiting mitochondrial ROS-mediated inflammatory responses in diabetic mice.

This article systematically reviews and verifies the medicinal materials of Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma（DHR）， Dioscoreae Spongiosae Rhizoma（DSR）， Smilacis Chinae Rhizoma（SCR） and Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma（SGR） from the aspects of name， origin， producing area， quality， harvesting， processing and efficacy by consulting historical literature， in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing the four medicinal materials. DHR， DSR， SCR and SGR have a long history of application as medicinal materials. However， due to their similar growth environment and medicinal properties， as well as their functions of promoting dampness， dispelling wind and removing numbness， there have been instances of homonymous foreign objects and homonymous synonyms throughout history， resulting in confusion of the origin. Therefore， it is necessary to conduct comparative analysis and systematic research for clarifying the historical development and changes of the four， in order to provide a basis for safe and effective medication. According to research， Bixie was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing and has been historically known as Baizhi， Chijie， Zhumu， and other aliases. From ancient times to the mid-20th century， there has always been a situation where the rhizomes of Dioscorea plants and Smilax plants， and even the rhizomes of Heterosmilax plants， were mixed together to be used as medicinal herbs for Bixie. However， since the Tang dynasty， it has been clearly advocated that the rhizomes of Dioscorea plants have excellent quality and have been the mainstream throughout history. The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia categorized it into two types of medicinal herbs（DHR and DSR）. Among them， the origin of DHR is the dry rhizomes of Dioscorea hypoglauca， and the origins of DSR are the dry rhizomes of D. spongiosa and D. futschauensis. In ancient times， due to different types， the corresponding production areas of DHR and DSR were also different. Nowadays， They are mainly produced in the southern region of the Yangtze River. Since the Tang dynasty， the quality of Bixie has been characterized by its white color and soft nature. In modern times， it has been summarized that those with white color， large and thin pieces， powdery texture， tough and elastic texture， and neat and unbreakable are the best. The harvesting times of DHR and DSR are in spring or autumn， with the best quality harvested in autumn. The mainstream processing methods of them are slicing and then using the raw products or wine-processed products. SCR was first recorded in Mingyi Bielu and has been known as Jinganggen， Tielingjiao， Tieshuazi， and other aliases in history. The mainstream source is the dry rhizomes of Smilax china in the past dynasties， with the best quality being those that are tough and rich in powder. The harvesting time is from the late autumn to the following spring， and the main processing method throughout history has been slicing for raw use. SGR was first recorded under the item of Yuyuliang in Variorum of Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica. It was listed as an independent medicinal material from Bencao Gangmu. In history， there were such aliases as Cao Yuyuliang， Lengfantuan， Xianyiliang， Tubixie， etc. The main source of the past dynasties was dry rhizomes of S. glabra. In history， there have also been instances of multiple plants belonging to the same genus， and even cases of mixing the rhizomes of plants in the genus Heterosmilax. It is mainly produced in Guangdong， Hunan， Hubei， Zhejiang， Sichuan， Anhui and other regions， its quality has been summarized as large in size， powdery in texture， with few veins， and light brown in cross-section since modern times. The harvesting time is in spring or autumn， and the main processing method throughout history has been slicing for raw use. DHR， DSR， SCR and SGR all have the effects of promoting dampness， dispelling wind， relieving rheumatism and detoxifying. However， their detoxification abilities are ranked as follows：SGR>SCR>Bixie（DHR and DSR）. Especially for the treatment of limb spasms， arthralgia and myalgia， scrofula， and scabies caused by syphilis and mercury poisoning， SGR has a unique effect. Based on the research results， DHR is recommended to develop the famous classical formulas containing Bixie as the first choice for medicinal herbs. It should be harvested in autumn， sliced thinly while fresh， and processed according to the requirements of the famous classical formulas， without any requirements for raw use. Selecting the rhizomes of S. china， harvested in late autumn， and thinly sliced while fresh. If there are no special processing requirements in the formulas， use it raw. Selecting the rhizomes of S. glabra， it is harvested in autumn and thinly sliced while fresh. If there are no special processing requirements in the formulas， raw products can be used.

Objective This study aims to investigate and analyze the distribution of MN blood type among ethnic minorities in China. Methods Through a systematic retrieval of the 981 literature related to MN blood group distribution, 120 literature, meeting the criteria of this study, with complete data were selected. The literature covers 49 ethnic minorities. SPSS 26 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results The results showed that among the 49 ethnic minorities in China, the phenotype distribution of MN blood type was MN>MM>NN, with proportions of 42.54%, 41.86%, and 15.06% respectively. The gene frequency for MN blood type exhibited a trend of m>n, with a gene frequency of m being 0.6313 and n being 0.3687. Cluster analysis divided the Chinese ethnic minorities into three groups based on the gene frequency for m, showing the characteristics of Group I>Group II>Group III. Conclusion The MN blood type characteristics in Chinese ethnic minorities show a higher frequency of the M gene compared to the N gene. The frequency of the M gene is higher in southern ethnic minorities than in northern ones. There are significant differences between southwestern ethnic minorities and the Han nationality, but no differences with long-term mixed/settled Han populations.
Humans ; China/ethnology* ; Minority Groups ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Asian People/genetics* ; Blood Group Antigens/genetics*

Objective:To evaluate the role of uncoupling protein 2 in dexmedetomidine-induced alleviation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic mice.Methods:SPF C57BL/6 male mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, in which the model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was established by high-fat feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, were used in this study. Ninety diabetic mice were divided into 5 groups ( n=18 each) by a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), myocardial I/R group, myocardial I/R+ UCP2 inhibitor genipin group (I/R+ G group), myocardial I/R+ dexmedetomidine group (I/R+ D group) and myocardial I/R+ dexmedetomidine+ UCP2 inhibitor genipin group (I/R+ DG group). Myocardial I/R injury model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of diabetic mice for 60 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 20 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 5 min prior to reperfusion in I/R+ D group. Genipin 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 14 h prior to ischemia, and dexmedetomidine 20 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 5 min prior to reperfusion in I/R+ D+ G group. The concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 120 min of reperfusion. The myocardial tissue was obtained for determination of the myocardial infarct size, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (by flow cytometry), and the expression of UCP2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitory protein α (IκBα), phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) (by Western blot) and for observation of the morphological structure of the myocardial tissue. The cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography at 24 h of reperfusion. Results:Compared with group S, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and level of ROS were significantly increased, the concentrations of cTnI, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were increased, the expression of UCP2 was up-regulated, the p-IκBα/IκBα ratio and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratio were increased, the stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) were decreased ( P<0.05), and the myocardial structure was severely damaged in group I/R. Compared with group I/R, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and level of ROS were significantly decreased, the concentrations of cTnI, TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased, the concentration of IL-10 was increased, the expression of UCP2 was up-regulated, the p-IκBα/IκBα ratio and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratio were decreased, the SV, EF and FS were increased ( P<0.05), and the pathological damage was significantly attenuated in group I/R+ D. Compared with group I/R+ D, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and level of ROS were significantly increased, the concentrations of cTnI, TNF-α and IL-6 were increased, the concentration of IL-10 was decreased, the expression of UCP2 was down-regulated, the p-IκBα/IκBα ratio and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratio were increased, the SV, EF and FS were decreased ( P<0.05), and the pathological damage was aggravated in group I/R+ D+ G. Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine may ameliorate myocardial I/R injury by up-regulating UCP2 expression in the myocardium and inhibiting mitochondrial ROS-mediated inflammatory responses in diabetic mice.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of LINC00657 on oxidative glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury in mouse hippocampal neurons. Methods Mouse hippocampal neuron cell line HT22 was given OGD treatment to establish an injury model, with normally cultured HT22 cells as controls. The si-NC, si-LINC00657, microRNA(miR)-NC, and miR-224-3p mimics were transfected into HT22 cells, followed by OGD treatment. Co-transfection of si-LINC00657 and anti-miR-NC, or co-transfection of si-LINC00657 and anti-miR-224-3p, was performed in HT22 cells before OGD treatment. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression levels of LINC00657 and miR-224-3p. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis rate, respectively. Kits were used to detect the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect the effect of miR-224-3p overexpression on the luciferase activity of wild-type LINC00657 vector (WT-LINC00657) and mutant LINC00657 vector (MUT-LINC00657). Results Compared with controls, the expression of LINC00657 was upregulated and the expression of miR-224-3p was downregulated in OGD-induced HT22 cells (P < 0.05). Compared with transfection of si-NC or miR-NC, transfection of si-LINC00657 or miR-224-3p mimics resulted in increased cell viability, SOD activity, and GSH-Px activity, as well as decreased apoptosis rate, LDH activity, and MDA level(P < 0.05). Overexpression of miR-224-3p reduced the luciferase activity of WT-LINC00657 (P < 0.05). Compared with cells co-transfected with si-LINC00657 and anti-miR-NC, cells co-transfected with si-LINC00657 and anti-miR-224-3p showed decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis rate, increased LDH activity and MDA level, and decreased SOD and GSH-Px activities (P < 0.05). Conclusion Interference with LINC00657 can promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and oxidative stress response by upregulating miR-224-3p, thereby alleviating OGD-induced injury in mouse hippocampal neurons.

Objective To explore the viral pathogen spectrum characteristics of acute intestinal infection in Hanzhong from 2019 to 2022. Methods Fecal samples from patients with acute intestinal infection in the outpatient clinic of 3201 Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected. Common enteroviruses such as enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus 16 (CV-A16), CV-A10, CV-A6, CV-A2, CV-A4, and CV-B3 were detected and analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results A total of 5 194 fecal samples were collected, and the positive rate of nucleic acid detection was 23.95%. In terms of the enteroviruses, the highest detection rate was 9.82% for EV-A71, followed by 4.58% for CV-A16 and 3.37% for CV-A6. The positive detection rate of common enteroviruses showed statistical difference among different age groups (P<0.05), with the highest detection rate of 41.49% in 0-4 years old group. There was no significant difference in the positive virus detection rate between different genders (P>0.05). EV-A71 infection showed no seasonal characteristics, whereas the detection of CV-A16 and CV-A6 infections was concentrated in summer and autumn. There were 106 cases of mixed infection, and the prevalence rate was 2.04%, with EV-A71 and CV-A6 mixed infections accounting for the majority of cases. Conclusion The main pathogens of acute intestinal infections in the Hanzhong area from 2019 to 2022 are EV-A71, CV-A16, and CV-A6. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of acute intestinal infections in children aged 4 years and below.

Objective To study the status of diabetic foot and its related factors in Hanzhong area in recent years, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and management of diabetic foot complicated by type 2 diabetes. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to select 528 patients with type 2 diabetes among permanent residents in Hanzhong from April 2016 to April 2022. Relevant medical history and laboratory examination data were collected, and the incidence of diabetic foot was calculated. The influence of related factors on the risk of diabetic foot was analyzed by regression model. Results Among 528 subjects in this study, the disease course and body type of T2DM showed that male patients had significantly longer disease, and the proportion of overweight and obesity was higher, P<0.05. The incidence of diabetic foot was 16.29% (86 cases). The proportion of male patients and female patients was 24.66% and 5.93%（χ²=27.516，P<0.05）. The proportion of male patients complicated with diabetic foot was higher than that of female patients (P<0.05). At the same time, the incidence of Wagner Grade I was higher in males than in females (P<0.05). The effects of potential factors on the risk of diabetic foot were discussed by gender. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors of diabetic foot in male T2DM patients included: Increased course of disease, increased age, poor blood glucose control, increased total cholesterol level, increased BMI level and increased platelet to lymphocyte ratio . Potential risk factors in women include increased course of disease, age, poor blood sugar control (increased glycosylated hemoglobin levels) and increased platelet to lymphocyte ratios in all cases（P<0.05）. Conclusion The current prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes patients complicated with diabetes foot in Hanzhong area is 16.29%, which is still high , and the prevalence rate of men is significantly higher than that of women. Older age, long duration of T2DM, poor blood glucose control, increased total cholesterol level, increased blood uric acid level, decreased urine pH value, and increased platelet lymphocyte ratio are potential risk factors for diabetes foot. Male patients should also pay attention to the occurrence of overweight and obesity tendency to reduce the risk of diabetes foot.