Objective: To investigate the trend in disease burden of asthma attributable to tobacco in China from 1990 to 2021, so as to provide the basis for improving intervention measures of asthma. Methods: Data on asthma-related mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) attributable to tobacco among adults aged ≥30 years in China from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Age-standardized mortality and age-standardized DALY rate were calculated using the GBD world standard population structure to analyze the tobacco-attributable asthma burden. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was employed to evaluate temporal trends in the age-standardized mortality and DALY rate from 1990 to 2021. Results: In China, the age-standardized mortality and age-standardized DALY rate of asthma attributable to tobacco decreased from 0.73/100 000 and 22.20/100 000 in 1990 to 0.17/100 000 and 6.64/100 000 in 2021, showing downward trends (AAPC=-4.603% and -3.888%, both P<0.05). Among males, the tobacco-attributable age-standardized mortality and age-standardized DALY rate declined from 1.44/100 000 and 41.05/100 000 in 1990 to 0.36/100 000 and 12.79/100 000 in 2021 (AAPC=-4.369% and -3.810%, both P<0.05). Among females, the corresponding rates decreased from 0.21/105 and 5.37/105 to 0.03/105 and 1.08/105 (AAPC=-6.074% and -5.074%, both P<0.05). In 2021, males had higher tobacco-attributable age-standardized mortality and age-standardized DALY rate for asthma than females. Both the mortality and DALY rate of asthma attributable to tobacco increased with age, peaking in the age group ≥80 years at 7.84/100 000 and 112.07/100 000, respectively. Conclusion From 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of asthma attributable to tobacco showed a declining trend in China, with males and elderly population aged ≥80 years bearing a relatively heavier disease burden.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spiral CT in thyroid microcarcinoma (TMC), in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy of TMC. Methods The preoperative imaging manifestations of MRI and spiral CT in 68 TMC patients who were confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed, and the diagnostic accordance rates were compared between the independent and the combined diagnosis. Results The diagnostic accordance rates of MRI and spiral CT in TMC were 73.53%(50/68) and 66.18%(45/68). The diagnostic accordance of combined MRI and spiral CT in TMC was 88.24%(60/68). The diagnostic accordance rate of combined MRI and spiral CT was significantly higher than that of independent examine, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). The lesion detection rate of MRI was significantly higher than that of spiral CT:95.59% (65/68) vs. 83.82% (57/68), but the calcification lesion detection rate of spiral CT was significantly higher than that of MRI: 85.42% (41/48) vs. 4.17% (2/48), and there were statistical differences (P<0.05 or <0.01). There were no statistical differences in the detection rates of irregular shape lesions, boundary indistinct/coarse lesion, signal/uneven density lesions and cervical lymph node metastasis between MRI and spiral CT (P>0.05). Conclusions Spiral CT is superior to MRI in the micro-calcification detection, and MRI, with a high resolution of soft tissue, can display the lesions of surrounding tissue organs and neck lymph node metastasis better. The combined examine can increase the diagnostic accuracy of TMC.

Drug reservation wag investigated in 2077 community residents.We found that most drugs were obtained from the hospitals(83.78%),kept at a relatively lower place(69.23%),packed in box(75.25%),and did not meet the storage requirement(72.60%).Half of the overdue drugs(median time,12 months)were used for internal treatment.This study suggests that there might be unsafe drug storage in communities.