Although immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)enhance the immune system's capacity to destroy tumor cells,they can also induce a range of toxic responses that lead to cardiovascular damage.Among these adverse effects,ICI-associated myocarditis(ICI-M)has the highest morbidity and mortality rates,presenting a significant challenge in clinical practice.Cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)is re-garded as the"gold standard"for noninvasive assessment of cardiac structure,function,and tissue characteristics.While this imaging tech-nique has advanced rapidly in recent years,with both domestic and international guidelines recognizing it as a crucial tool for evaluating ICI-M.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathological mechanisms underlying ICI-M,its diagnostic criteria,and the latest re-search developments in CMR and its clinical applications;it also discusses the most recent domestic and international guidelines and re-search findings.

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)enhance the immune system's capacity to destroy tumor cells,they can also induce a range of toxic responses that lead to cardiovascular damage.Among these adverse effects,ICI-associated myocarditis(ICI-M)has the highest morbidity and mortality rates,presenting a significant challenge in clinical practice.Cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)is re-garded as the"gold standard"for noninvasive assessment of cardiac structure,function,and tissue characteristics.While this imaging tech-nique has advanced rapidly in recent years,with both domestic and international guidelines recognizing it as a crucial tool for evaluating ICI-M.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathological mechanisms underlying ICI-M,its diagnostic criteria,and the latest re-search developments in CMR and its clinical applications;it also discusses the most recent domestic and international guidelines and re-search findings.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for determining the content of glucosamine hydrochloride and its prepara-tions. Methods:A Phenomenex Luna NH2 column was used, and the mobile phase was ammonium phosphate buffer (dissolving 3. 5 g dipotassium phosphate and 0. 25 ml ammonium hydroxide into 1 000 ml water, adjusting pH to 7. 5 with phosphoric acid) – acetoni-trile (25 ∶75). The flow rate was 1. 5 ml·min-1 and detection wavelength was 195 nm. The column temperature was 35℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results:The linear range of glucosamine hydrochloride was 1. 6-16. 0 mg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9). The av-erage recovery of glucosamine hydrochloride tablets and capsules was 99. 3% and 99. 5%, respectively, and RSDs were 0. 3% ( n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reliable, and suitable for the quality control of glucosamine hydrochloride and its preparations.

Objective:To observe the effect of hemp seed oil on the blood lipid and its hepatoprotective efficacy in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods:High fat diet was used to make the hyperlipidemia model in SD rats,and the rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:the normal control group,high fat model group,high dose group(1. 5 g·kg-1 ),medium dose group(1. 0 g·kg-1 ),low dose group (0. 5 g·kg-1 )and Xuezhikang group(0. 5 g·kg-1 ). After 35-day treatment,serum TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,SOD,MDA,ALT, AST and liver SOD were detected. Results:Compared with the model group,hemp seed oil at different dosages could significantly de-crease the contents of serum TC,TG,ALT and the atherogenic index(AI)( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01),and significantly increase the SOD activity in serum and liver(P<0. 01). The contents of serum MDA and AST in the medium and high dose groups were signifi-cantly decreased(P<0. 01),and the content of LDL-C in serum and the content of MDA in liver in the high dose group were signifi-cantly reduced(P<0. 01). Conclusion:Hemp seed oil shows promising blood lipid reducing ability and liver protective effect in hy-perlipidemic rats,and the mechanism may be related with liver lipid metabolism improvement and antioxidant function enhancement.

AIM: To observe the influence of thyroid function on metabol is m of diazepam and nordiazepam in rats. METHODS: HPLC method was used to determine the blood concentrations of diazepam and nordiazepam from rats with different thyroid function. RESULTS: Diazepam was metaboli zed rapidly in the rats with hyperthyroidism, the Cmax and AUC were decreased, a nd the T 1/2 was cut short, but it showed an opposite resul ts in the rats with hypothyroidism. While pharmacokinetic parameters of diazepam were opposite in comparison with nordiazepam. CONCLUSION: Metab olism of diazepam increases in rats with hyperthyroidism.