Tumor-targeted therapy is a vital approach in precision medicine,selection of target molecule is a key element in tumor-targeted therapy.B7-H3(CD276),as an immune checkpoint molecule selectively highly expressed on tumor cells,is a crucial molecule involved in regulation of tumor immunity.Numerous recent studies have found that B7-H3,in addition to its immune check-point function,also participates in regulation of malignant biological behaviors of tumor cells and is considered to have great potential as a pan-cancer universal drug target.Current immunotherapeutic strategies targeting B7-H3 primarily include development of block-ing monoclonal antibodies(Blocking mAb),antibody-drug conjugate(ADC),chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T/NK cell therapies,monoclonal antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)drugs,radionuclide drug conjugates(RDC),bispecific/trispecific anti-body(BsAb/TriAb),and antibody cytokine drug combinations,among others.These strategies aim to enhance body's immune re-sponse to cancer through various mechanisms,thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown that immunotherapy targeting B7-H3 has potential therapeutic value.Therefore,this article mainly reviews the latest status of development of tumor immunotherapy drugs targeting B7-H3 molecule.

Objective:To evaluate the protective effectiveness (VE) of the acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years.Methods:A test-negative case-control study was conducted among children aged 2 months to 6 years who sought medical care for cough and underwent pertussis nucleic acid testing at sentinel surveillance hospitals in Zhejiang Province in 2024. Cases were defined as those with positive pertussis nucleic acid test results, while controls were test-negative individuals matched 1∶1 based on propensity scores using the caliper matching method. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios ( ORs) and VEs. Results:Among the 658 participants, 31.76% (209 cases) tested positive for pertussis. After propensity score matching, 203 cases and 203 controls were included in the analysis. The VE of 1-2, 3, and 4 doses of aPV against pertussis was 52.46% (95% CI:-39.82%-83.84%), 65.22% (95% CI: 6.86%-87.02%), and 72.21% (95% CI: 34.33%-88.24%), respectively. For pertussis-related hospitalization, the VE of 1-3 and 4 doses was 80.95% (95% CI:31.38%-94.71%) and 86.79% (95% CI: 51.89%-96.37%). The VE for those who completed 4 doses of vaccination and had intervals of less than 2 years, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years or more after vaccination were 91.15% (95% CI: 67.61%-97.58%), 84.70% (95% CI: 43.71%-95.84%),56.23% (95% CI:-47.58%-87.02%), and 49.92% (95% CI:-83.74%-86.35%), respectively. Conclusion:The VE of aPV against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years increases with the number of doses administered, and it is more effective in preventing hospitalization due to pertussis. The VE declines rapidly over time after the last dose. It is recommended to follow the new pertussis immunization program for timely and full vaccination.

The morbidity and mortality associated with diphtheria have been effectively managed through mass immunization strategies. Nevertheless, recent outbreaks of diphtheria have been reported in various regions of Africa and Asia. In addition to infections among children, there has been a notable increase in cases among middle-aged and elderly individuals, underscoring the necessity of continued vigilance in the control of diphtheria. This paper reviewed the epidemiology of diphtheria, the current application of vaccines, and immunization strategies, with the aim of providing evidence for the prevention and control of this disease.

Objective To explore the value of Turbo-Flash mode CT scanning for displaying calcification of ligamentum arteriousum(CLA)in infants and young children.Methods Chest CT data obtained with Turbo-Flash mode scanning of 1 762 infants and young children(aged 1 to 36 months)with suspected lung,trachea or bronchi lesions were retrospectively analyzed.Children were divided into group A to L according to age at 3-month intervals.CLA was evaluated and its CT manifestations were analyzed.The incidence of CLA in each group was counted,the density of CLA was measured,and their correlations with age were observed.Results Among 1 762 children,912 was found with CLA(912/1 762,51.76%).The incidence of CLA in group A—L was 34.29%(12/35)—59.35%(92/155),respectively.All CLA located in the arterial ligaments between the left side of pulmonary trunk and the origin level of left subclavian artery of the aorta and shaped differently.The density of CLA in group A—L was(183.36±50.16)—(295.80±105.91)HU,respectively.The incidence of CLA in group A—F was positively(r=0.945,P=0.002),while in group F—L was negatively correlated with age(r=-0.765,P=0.045).Meanwhile,the density of CLA in group A—F was positively correlated with age(r=0.775,P=0.020),but no significant correlation between CLA density and age was found in G—L group(P=0.593).Conclusion Turbo-Flash mode CT scanning had high clinical application value for displaying CLA in infants and young children.

The morbidity and mortality associated with diphtheria have been effectively managed through mass immunization strategies. Nevertheless, recent outbreaks of diphtheria have been reported in various regions of Africa and Asia. In addition to infections among children, there has been a notable increase in cases among middle-aged and elderly individuals, underscoring the necessity of continued vigilance in the control of diphtheria. This paper reviewed the epidemiology of diphtheria, the current application of vaccines, and immunization strategies, with the aim of providing evidence for the prevention and control of this disease.

Objective To explore the value of Turbo-Flash mode CT scanning for displaying calcification of ligamentum arteriousum(CLA)in infants and young children.Methods Chest CT data obtained with Turbo-Flash mode scanning of 1 762 infants and young children(aged 1 to 36 months)with suspected lung,trachea or bronchi lesions were retrospectively analyzed.Children were divided into group A to L according to age at 3-month intervals.CLA was evaluated and its CT manifestations were analyzed.The incidence of CLA in each group was counted,the density of CLA was measured,and their correlations with age were observed.Results Among 1 762 children,912 was found with CLA(912/1 762,51.76%).The incidence of CLA in group A—L was 34.29%(12/35)—59.35%(92/155),respectively.All CLA located in the arterial ligaments between the left side of pulmonary trunk and the origin level of left subclavian artery of the aorta and shaped differently.The density of CLA in group A—L was(183.36±50.16)—(295.80±105.91)HU,respectively.The incidence of CLA in group A—F was positively(r=0.945,P=0.002),while in group F—L was negatively correlated with age(r=-0.765,P=0.045).Meanwhile,the density of CLA in group A—F was positively correlated with age(r=0.775,P=0.020),but no significant correlation between CLA density and age was found in G—L group(P=0.593).Conclusion Turbo-Flash mode CT scanning had high clinical application value for displaying CLA in infants and young children.

Tumor-targeted therapy is a vital approach in precision medicine,selection of target molecule is a key element in tumor-targeted therapy.B7-H3(CD276),as an immune checkpoint molecule selectively highly expressed on tumor cells,is a crucial molecule involved in regulation of tumor immunity.Numerous recent studies have found that B7-H3,in addition to its immune check-point function,also participates in regulation of malignant biological behaviors of tumor cells and is considered to have great potential as a pan-cancer universal drug target.Current immunotherapeutic strategies targeting B7-H3 primarily include development of block-ing monoclonal antibodies(Blocking mAb),antibody-drug conjugate(ADC),chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T/NK cell therapies,monoclonal antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)drugs,radionuclide drug conjugates(RDC),bispecific/trispecific anti-body(BsAb/TriAb),and antibody cytokine drug combinations,among others.These strategies aim to enhance body's immune re-sponse to cancer through various mechanisms,thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown that immunotherapy targeting B7-H3 has potential therapeutic value.Therefore,this article mainly reviews the latest status of development of tumor immunotherapy drugs targeting B7-H3 molecule.

Objective:To evaluate the protective effectiveness (VE) of the acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years.Methods:A test-negative case-control study was conducted among children aged 2 months to 6 years who sought medical care for cough and underwent pertussis nucleic acid testing at sentinel surveillance hospitals in Zhejiang Province in 2024. Cases were defined as those with positive pertussis nucleic acid test results, while controls were test-negative individuals matched 1∶1 based on propensity scores using the caliper matching method. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios ( ORs) and VEs. Results:Among the 658 participants, 31.76% (209 cases) tested positive for pertussis. After propensity score matching, 203 cases and 203 controls were included in the analysis. The VE of 1-2, 3, and 4 doses of aPV against pertussis was 52.46% (95% CI:-39.82%-83.84%), 65.22% (95% CI: 6.86%-87.02%), and 72.21% (95% CI: 34.33%-88.24%), respectively. For pertussis-related hospitalization, the VE of 1-3 and 4 doses was 80.95% (95% CI:31.38%-94.71%) and 86.79% (95% CI: 51.89%-96.37%). The VE for those who completed 4 doses of vaccination and had intervals of less than 2 years, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years or more after vaccination were 91.15% (95% CI: 67.61%-97.58%), 84.70% (95% CI: 43.71%-95.84%),56.23% (95% CI:-47.58%-87.02%), and 49.92% (95% CI:-83.74%-86.35%), respectively. Conclusion:The VE of aPV against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years increases with the number of doses administered, and it is more effective in preventing hospitalization due to pertussis. The VE declines rapidly over time after the last dose. It is recommended to follow the new pertussis immunization program for timely and full vaccination.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide(LIN) combined with polyethylene glycol(PEG) for bowel preparation in patients with functional constipation (FC).Methods:From August 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023, a total of 300 patients with FC (FC group) and 300 subjects with non-functional constipation (NFC, NFC group) undergoing colonoscopy at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were selected. According to simple random sampling method, both FC group and NFC group were divided into 3 L PEG subgroup, 3 L PEG+ LIN subgroup, and 2 L PEG+ LIN subgroup, respectively, with 100 cases in each group and a total of 6 subgroups. All subjects were enrolled based on a random number table and received the corresponding bowel preparation protocols. The Ottawa bowel preparation score (OBPS) and the rate of adequate bowel preparation were calculated. Ordered logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of OBPS. The incidence of adverse events (such as bloating) and the repetition rate of regimen intention were analyzed. One-way ANOVA, least significant difference analysis, and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Results:The OBPS of the 3 L PEG subgroup, 3 L PEG+ LIN subgroup, and 2 L PEG+ LIN subgroup in the FC group were 6.06±1.67, 3.86±2.20, and 4.06±2.03, respectively, while the OBPS of the 3 corresponding subgroups in the NFC group were 5.08±1.92, 3.42±2.04, and 3.63±1.93, respectively. The OBPS scores of the 2 L PEG+ LIN and 3 L PEG+ LIN subgroups in FC and NFC group were lower than those of the 3 L PEG subgroup within the respective group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=7.16, 7.55, 4.59, and 6.06; all P<0.001). The rates of adequate bowel preparation of the 3 L PEG subgroup, 3 L PEG+ LIN subgroup, and 2 L PEG+ LIN subgroup in the FC group were 83.0% (78/94), 95.6% (87/91), and 96.8% (92/95), respectively, while the rates of adequate bowel preparation of the 3 subgroups in the NFC group were 88.0% (88/100), 96.9%(94/97), and 97.0%(96/99), respectively. The rates of adequate bowel preparation of 2 L PEG+ LIN and 3 L PEG+ LIN subgroups in FC and NFC group were higher than those of the 3 L PEG subgroup in the respective group, and the differences were statistically significant( χ2=10.04, 7.64, 5.74, and 5.55, P=0.001, 0.008, 0.029, 0.029). The FC group was divided into 2 L PEG+ LIN compared to 3 L PEG+ LIN subgroup, as well as 3 L PEG+ LIN compared to 3 L PEG subgroup for ordinal logistic regression analysis, and the result showed that the bowel preparation regimen was an independent influencing factor for OBPS ( OR=0.940 and 3.072, 95% confidence interval 0.368 to 1.483 and 1.564 to 3.252; both P<0.001). The incidence of abdominal distension of the 3 L PEG subgroup in FC group and NFC group was higher than that of the 2 L PEG+ LIN subgroup in the respective group (11.7%(11/94) vs. 3.2%(3/95), 12.0%(12/100) vs. 4.0%(4/99)), and the differences were statistically significant( χ2=5.03 and 4.26, P=0.028 and 0.045). The repetition rates of regimen intention of the 2 L PEG+ LIN and 3 L PEG+ LIN subgroups in FC and NFC groups were higher than that of the 3 L PEG subgroup in respective group (93.7%(89/95), 93.4%(85/91) vs. 80.9%(76/94); 92.9%(92/99), 92.8%(90/97) vs. 82.0%(82/100)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=5.25, 8.70, 4.31, and 5.40; P=0.009, 0.015, 0.020, and 0.023). Conclusions:The 2 L PEG+ LIN regimen can effectively decrease OBPS, improve qualified rate of bowel preparation and repetition rate of regimen intention, and reduce adverse events and the amount of fluid intake, in order to improve the tolerance and compliance of patients. Therefore, the 2 L PEG+ LIN regimen is recommended as a bowel preparation for colonoscopy in patients with FC.

Objective: To investigate the trend of hepatitis B incidence among children under 10 years in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2020 with age, period and birth cohort, so as to provide the basis for evaluating the implementation of hepatitis B prevention and control measures for children in Zhejiang Province. Methods: Data of hepatitis B incidence among children under 10 years in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2020 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The trend in hepatitis B incidence was analyzed using an age-period-cohort model. Results: The incidence of hepatitis B among children under 10 years in Zhejiang Province decreased from 12.91/105 in 2004 to 0.61/105 in 2020, with a reduction of 95.24%. The incidence showed an decreasing trend with the increase of age. Compared with 2012, the risk of hepatitis B incidence among children under 10 years appeared a tendency towards a decline with time, with the period rate ratio decreased from 4.546 (95%CI: 3.322-6.220) in 2004 to 0.277 (95%CI: 0.161-0.478) in 2020. Compared with the 2008 cohort, the risk of hepatitis B incidence appeared a tendency towards a decline with cohort, with the cohort rate ratio decreased from 25.535 (95%CI: 15.105-43.166) in 1995 to 0.135 (95%CI: 0.038-0.475) in 2020. Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis B among children aged under 10 years in Zhejiang Province from 2004 to 2020 showed a downward trend. The risk of hepatitis B incidence decreased with increasing age and advancing birth cohort.