Objective: To analyze the characteristics of school injury among students aged 3 to 18 years in Yantian District of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, so as to provide the reference for developing the strategies for prevention and control of school injury. Methods: Data of the students aged 3 to 18 years who were initially diagnosed as injury in sentinel hospitals and whose injuries occurred in nurseries, primary or middle schools in Yantian District in 2023, were collected from the Shenzhen Injury Surveillance System. The onset time, places, activities, characteristics and sites of injury were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 1 681 cases of school injuries among students aged 3 to 18 years were reported in Yantian District in 2023, including 1 182 boys and 499 girls, with a boy-to-girl ratio of 2.37∶1. There were 206 preschool children (12.25%), 856 primary school students (50.92%), 358 junior high school students (21.30%) and 261 high school students (15.53%). The peak months for school injuries were February to June, accounting for 49.97%; the peak time period was from 15: 00 to 18: 59, accounting for 44.68%. The main causes of injuries included falls (41.94%) and blunt injury (33.85%). The activities at the time of injury mainly included leisure activities (57.70%) and physical activities (21.83%). Contusion/abrasion was the main characteristics (49.20%). Mild injury was predominant, accounting for 74.60%, and there was no fatal case. The top three injury sites were the head and neck, upper limbs and lower limbs, accounting for 36.94%, 27.54%, and 24.33%, respectively. Boys had higher proportions of blunt injuries and contusion/abrasion (AR=4.8 and 4.0). The proportion of sports injuries, sprains/strains and lower limb injuries increased with grade (all P<0.05). Conclusions School injury among students predominantly occur in spring when having leisure or physical activities in Yantian District. The main causes of injuries are falls and blunt injury, with boys and primary school students being the high-risk groups.

Objective:To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of exposure to 20 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on lipid metabolism in mice liver.Methods:An animal experimental model was designed, which was completed from September 2022 to July 2023 on the exposure omics platform of the School of Public Health at Capital Medical University and the Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg PS-NPs tail vein mice exposure models were constructed. After exposure 7 d, serum was collected to measure the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and air flow assisted desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) analysis were used to analyze the mRNA levels of fatty acid esterification related genes ( Dgat1 and Dgat2) and lipid transport related genes ( ApoB, Cd36, ApoE and Mttp) and metabolites′ spatial changes in liver tissue. In vivo imaging system (IVIS) and tissue shake sections were employed to observe the fluorescence biological distribution of PS-NPs. t-test or one-way ANOVA was used to explore the difference between groups. Results:The serum ALT levels were (83.97±4.58), (91.17±13.69) and (142.43±6.09) U/L in the control group, 1 mg/kg PS-NPs exposure group and 10 mg/kg PS-NPs exposure group respectively ( F=37.281, P<0.05). The relative mRNA levels of Dgat1, Dgat2, ApoB, Cd36 and ApoE were (1.49±0.63, 2.53±0.32, 2.45±0.54), (1.07±0.38, 1.86±0.83, 2.23±0.73), (1.01±0.13, 1.58±0.43, 2.03±0.52), (1.01±0.14, 1.55±0.37, 1.52±0.51), (1.01±0.17, 2.11±0.27, 2.39±0.93) in these three groups respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( F=11.54, 6.95, 14.90, 5.98 and 14.68, P<0.05). AFADESI-MSI analysis found that PS-NPs exposure led to a significant decrease in the levels of glutarylcarnitine and O-Linoleoylcarnitine ( t=4.12 and 3.35, P<0.05), which were associated with lipid beta oxidation. The content of triglycerides (TG) (m/z 921.726 4, t=8.69, P<0.05; m/z 919.711 4, t=3.20, P<0.05), phosphatidylic acid (PA) (m/z 895.712 3, t=3.60, P<0.05; m/z 821.526 6, t=3.36, P<0.05), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (m/z 560.310 6, t=3.35, P<0.05; m/z 582.295 3, t=6.28, P<0.05), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (m/z 778.533 9, t=3.53, P<0.05; m/z 804.549 6, t=3.60, P<0.05; m/z 820.523 1, t=3.37, P<0.05), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (m/z 772.523 3, t=3.08, P<0.05) showed a significant increase in the PS-NPs exposure group. In vivo and in vitro imaging and in situ cell localization revealed that PS-NPs were mainly enriched in hepatic stellate cells and hepatic Kupffer cells in liver tissue. Conclusion:Exposure to PS-NPs induces disorder of liver lipid metabolism, which may be related to the accumulation of PS-NPs in hepatic stellate cells and hepatic Kupffer cells, providing basis for searching early biomarkers of PS-NPs exposure and further mechanism research.

Objective:To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of exposure to 20 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on lipid metabolism in mice liver.Methods:An animal experimental model was designed, which was completed from September 2022 to July 2023 on the exposure omics platform of the School of Public Health at Capital Medical University and the Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg PS-NPs tail vein mice exposure models were constructed. After exposure 7 d, serum was collected to measure the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and air flow assisted desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) analysis were used to analyze the mRNA levels of fatty acid esterification related genes ( Dgat1 and Dgat2) and lipid transport related genes ( ApoB, Cd36, ApoE and Mttp) and metabolites′ spatial changes in liver tissue. In vivo imaging system (IVIS) and tissue shake sections were employed to observe the fluorescence biological distribution of PS-NPs. t-test or one-way ANOVA was used to explore the difference between groups. Results:The serum ALT levels were (83.97±4.58), (91.17±13.69) and (142.43±6.09) U/L in the control group, 1 mg/kg PS-NPs exposure group and 10 mg/kg PS-NPs exposure group respectively ( F=37.281, P<0.05). The relative mRNA levels of Dgat1, Dgat2, ApoB, Cd36 and ApoE were (1.49±0.63, 2.53±0.32, 2.45±0.54), (1.07±0.38, 1.86±0.83, 2.23±0.73), (1.01±0.13, 1.58±0.43, 2.03±0.52), (1.01±0.14, 1.55±0.37, 1.52±0.51), (1.01±0.17, 2.11±0.27, 2.39±0.93) in these three groups respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( F=11.54, 6.95, 14.90, 5.98 and 14.68, P<0.05). AFADESI-MSI analysis found that PS-NPs exposure led to a significant decrease in the levels of glutarylcarnitine and O-Linoleoylcarnitine ( t=4.12 and 3.35, P<0.05), which were associated with lipid beta oxidation. The content of triglycerides (TG) (m/z 921.726 4, t=8.69, P<0.05; m/z 919.711 4, t=3.20, P<0.05), phosphatidylic acid (PA) (m/z 895.712 3, t=3.60, P<0.05; m/z 821.526 6, t=3.36, P<0.05), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (m/z 560.310 6, t=3.35, P<0.05; m/z 582.295 3, t=6.28, P<0.05), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (m/z 778.533 9, t=3.53, P<0.05; m/z 804.549 6, t=3.60, P<0.05; m/z 820.523 1, t=3.37, P<0.05), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (m/z 772.523 3, t=3.08, P<0.05) showed a significant increase in the PS-NPs exposure group. In vivo and in vitro imaging and in situ cell localization revealed that PS-NPs were mainly enriched in hepatic stellate cells and hepatic Kupffer cells in liver tissue. Conclusion:Exposure to PS-NPs induces disorder of liver lipid metabolism, which may be related to the accumulation of PS-NPs in hepatic stellate cells and hepatic Kupffer cells, providing basis for searching early biomarkers of PS-NPs exposure and further mechanism research.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bleeding site,clinical features,treatment methods and curative effect of difficult-to-control epistaxis. METHODS The clinical data of 127 patients with difficult-to-control epistaxis admitted for treatment were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the common bleeding sites,clinical features,and curative effect. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in the bleeding sites among patients of different age groups(P=0.000),whether they were combined with hypertension 2,3 grades(P=0.030),and whether patients taking long-term anticoagulants(P=0.000). Among the enrolled patients,14 patients were successful in the secondary hemostasis. Among the patients with two successful bleeding stops,the one-time cure rate of patients with hypertension 2,3 grades was significantly different from that of patients with hypertension 1 grade and non-hypertension(P=0.000). CONCLUSION Male patients with difficult-to-control epistaxis are more than female patients. The common bleeding sites are related to age,hypertension 2,3 grades,and long-term use of anticoagulants. Nasal endoscopic electrocoagulation is the preferred treatment method. The cure rate of electrocoagulation is related to blood pressure,and blood pressure control is necessary for patients with poor blood pressure control.

Objective:To explore the effect of personalized training based on early start Denver model (ESDM) combined with applied behavior analysis (ABA) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) .Methods:From January 2021 to January 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 90 children with ASD who received treatment at the Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital and their caregivers as research subjects. The children were divided into two groups using a random number table method in a 1∶1 ratio. The control group received routine rehabilitation, while the observation group was treated with personalized training based on ESDM combined with ABA. Both groups were intervened for six months. Children's Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Gesell Developmental Schedule (GDS), Sign-Significate Relation (S-S) Language Development Delay Assessment, Social Life Ability Scale for Infant-Junior Middle School Students (S-M), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used to evaluated the effects of intervention on two groups of ASD children before and after intervention.Results:After six months of intervention, the CARS and ABC scores of ASD children in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the scores of GDS dimensions and total developmental quotient, S-S Language Development Delay Assessment score, S-M score, and MBI score were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:Personalized training based on ESDM combined with ABA has a good effect, which can improve loneliness symptoms of children with ASD, alleviate cognitive, language, and behavioral dysfunction, enhance social adaptation ability and activities of daily living.

Particulate matter (PM) is the main air pollutant in China. Due to its wide distribution and difficulties in control, PM has been widely concerned. PM mainly enters human body through respiratory exposure and can cause a variety of health problems. Recent studies have shown that PM exposure is also associated with the occurrence and development of digestive system diseases, as it can enter human body indirectly through the respiratory tract or directly through the digestive tract. Gut microbiota (GM) is a group of microorganisms located in the intestinal epithelium mucosa and intestinal lumen. GM is large in number and rich in functions, and its homeostasis plays an important role in the intestinal health of individuals and even the health of the body. Because GM may mediate the health effects induced by environmental factors, more and more studies have focused on the effects of ambient PM on GM. In this review, we summarized the effects of a variety of ambient PM on GM homeostasis, focusing on five major phyla including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, and discussed their main functions and the effects of PM on their homeostasis and abundance.

Objective This study aimed to explore the differences in global and local brain network topological properties between deficient pattern(DP)and excess pattern(EP)of mild vascular cognitive impairment caused by subcortical small vessel disease based on graph theory network.Methods Patients were recruited prospectively and were classified with DP and EP subtype.The global small-world topological attributes and local nodes were calculated for the comparison of DP,EP,and healthy controls(CN)using the GRETNA platform.Results The three groups all had small-world attributes,but only the patients in EP had a significantly lower small world attribute δ in the range of 0.05-0.26 than the control group(P<0.05).The node efficiency and node strength indicators of multiple brain region were able to significantly distinguish the DP group from the EP group.However,there was no positive brain region in the node efficiency of the DP patients(P>0.05),and only a few brain regions showed increased node strength efficiency(P<0.05).Conclusion The results indicate that the syndrome of DP and EP have significantly different neuroimaging phenotypes,providing a basis for further research of biological classification based on Chinese Medicine syndromes.

Objective: To develop an assessment tool for risky road behavior tendencies among middle school students in western China, as well as to determine the relevant indices and their weights, so as to provide the reference for road safety prevention and control for middle school students in western China. Methods: A Delphi study was employed to construct the assessment tool for risky road behavior tendencies among middle school students in western China. In August 2023, eighteen experts in related fields such as traffic safety, education, and healthcare were invited to achieve Delphi consensus. The final indices were initially selected based on the consulting results,followed by the determination of their individual and combined weights using the analytic hierarchy process. Results: The finalized assessment tool comprised 3 primary indicators, 13 secondary indicators, and 100 tertiary indicators. The positivity coefficient of experts was 100%, accompanied by the authority coefficient 0.90. The mean importance scores for the three primary indicators varied from 4.67 to 4.78, while those for the 13 secondary indicators ranged from 4.22 to 4.89. The Kendall coefficient W was statistically significant at 0.32 ( χ 2=96.83, P <0.05). The weights assigned to the three primary indicators were:ability (0.329 4), opportunity (0.337 3), and motivation (0.333 3). The secondary indicators with the top three highest combined weights were social influence (0.027 4), knowledge (0.027 3), and skills (0.026 7). Conclusions The assessment tool for risky road behavior tendencies among middle school students in western China demonstrates high expert consensus, with balanced weighting of primary and secondary indicators. Expanded use of the assessment tool would provide the data support for intervention work.

Objective To perform a bibliometric analysis of researches on the Plasmodium falciparum repetitive interspersed families of polypeptides (RIFIN) protein from 1993 to 2022 and identify the hot topics in the RIFIN protein research, so as to provide insights into future researches on RIFIN protein. Methods RIFIN protein-associated publications were retrieved in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1993 to 2022 and all bibliometric analyses were performed using the software CiteSpace 6.2.4.0. The annual number of RIFIN protein-associated publications was analyzed from 1993 to 2022, and country, author and institution collaboration networks were created. Keywords were extracted from RIFIN protein-associated publications for plotting keyword co-occurrence, clustering, burst and timeline maps to identify the hot topics in the RIFIN protein research. Results A total of 745 English RIFIN protein-associated publications were included in the final bibliometric analysis, and there were 18 to 36 publications each year from 1993 to 2022. The top three countries with the highest activity in the RIFIN protein research included the United States, the United Kingdom and France, universities and research institutes were highly active in the RIFIN protein research; however, no authors were identified with a high activity in the RIFIN protein research. There were three keyword clusters in the RIFIN protein-associated publications, including repetitive DNA sequence, molecular epidemiology and antigenic variation. Keyword co-occurrence, burst and timeline analyses showed that previous RIFIN protein-associated publications mainly focused on gene properties and functions, involving keywords of repetitive DNA sequence and evolution, and recent hot topics for the RIFIN protein research shifted to genetic diversity and immune response, involving keywords of genetic diversity, antigenic variation and binding. Conclusions The annual number of RIFIN protein-associated publications was relatively stable from 1993 to 2022. This bibliometric analysis may provide insights into future researches on the RIFIN protein.

The health effects associated with environmental pollutants remain one of the major public health issues at present. The research method focusing on the population as the research subjects is limited by reliable cohorts, and the research method targeting individual molecules cannot fully reflect the biological health effects under environmental pollutant stress. Using high-throughput multi-omics, machine learning, and epigenetic detection to conduct targeted research and joint analysis on cells, organoids, organs, animals, and humans in different biological dimensions will help provide data support for the study of potential targets and biological effects of environmental pollutants, providing a theoretical basis for the risk assessment and safety evaluation of environmental pollutants.